This dissertation argues that mid-century liberalism provided the philosophical rational and basis for sex education, and that sex education was cumulatively institutionalized as part of Ontario public schooling between 1955 and 1988 as the result of incremental, technocratic policy-making. School-based sex education – an extension of the welfare state – was a technocratic solution to socio-sexual problems such as venereal disease and teenage pregnancy. Sex education was conceptualized as a program of disease prevention and health promotion with the added objective of promoting sexual responsibility amongst students. While school-based sex education was ostensibly a form of sexual regulation, it also conformed to the purpose of liberal education: the development of the critical autonomous capacity of each and every individual student. The sex education that students received, therefore, was a medico-scientific study of sex that stressed prevention and early treatment, but which also emphasized the centrality of individual choice in place of the imperatives of a single standard of behaviour or morality. Sex education policy was shaped by a succession of incremental changes to better remedy both longstanding and emerging socio-sexual problems. When AIDS education was mandated for the 1987–88 school year in response to the AIDS crisis, sex education was further institutionalized. This decision, however, was only reached as a result of the past three decades worth of technocratic policy-making. Social scientific studies had provided evidence, albeit limited, of sex education’s effectiveness in ameliorating socio-sexual problems and reducing government spending. Moreover, empirical evidence indicated that most Ontarians were accepting of sex education – or at worst apathetic about it. While mandating AIDS education was the result of a catalyst, it did not represent a major shift in sex education policy when looked at over the longue durée. AIDS education was largely built upon established policy. By 1988, many aspects of contemporary sex education policy had been established. Ultimately, the ministry’s sex education policy reflected its burgeoning technocratic liberalism amidst an increasingly secular, pluralistic, and sexually permissive society. As a result of incremental, technocratic policy-making between 1955 and 1988, sex education – under conditions of liberal modernity – was institutionalized as part of Ontario public schooling. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Even though the disintegration of block four at the nuclear power plant in Chernobyl happened a long time ago, the question of how this disaster could have developed is only insufficiently answered. Common interpretations with their emphasis on constructional and operative as well as regulative mistakes are not wrong, but describe instead only the symptoms and not the causes of the accident. The Technocratic-Culture-Analysis points out that the causes are rather to be found in the socialisation and the societal-cultural peculiarity of the relevant actors. It is shown that the key problem was the strife for legitimacy by the Communist Party in the shaping of the Soviet society – not only in the 1980s, but instead since the USSR was founded. Furthermore, key actors behaved from a safety point of view in many instances detrimental. This behaviour was crucial to the development of the disaster and cannot be solemnly explained by pointing out constructional and operative flaws. In this sense, the study at hand contributes to a more thorough understanding of the motives these key actors had in order to understand important features of the Soviet nuclear industry.

Technocratic-Populism in India: How Modi and the BJP Maintain Their Vast Winning Coalition Abstract Sabyasachi Saikia ID - 98898503 The politics of both technocracy and populism are viewed as hostile to representative democracy and pluralistic politics. The study of technocratic-populism in politics has proliferated in recent times, with researchers examining how both seemingly contradictory ideas combine to form a distinct political outlook or even a political logic. Furthermore, one has emerging literature examining the adverse impact of technocratic populism across various democracies. Applying Friedman's paradigm of democratic technocracy, and Ostiguy and Moffitt's performative-relational approach towards populism, this study explores technocratic- populism in Indian politics. The administration of Narendra Modi and the BJP has been widely studied and critiqued for their authoritarian, Hindu nationalist, and populist politics, with concerns over increasing religious polarization of the public and democratic backsliding. This study employs a demand-supply model to show the importance of technocratic-populist appeal in Modi and the BJP's broader political practice and discourse in impressing the voting public. With the use of survey data on the demand-side of politics, involving the examination of public...

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Commercial fisheries in the Florida Keys have experienced a significant decline in participation and harvest over the past two decades, with over half of the fishers exiting the fishery since 1990 and a 50-70% decline in annual landings compared to previous decades. The conventional narrative of fisheries management identifies overfishing and overcapacity as the malaise endemic to open-access fisheries systems, for which the remedy offered is technocratic management. Technocratic management, which seeks to restore ecological integrity and economic efficiency, has been increasingly employed in the Florida Keys, in the form of limited access and property rights measures. I contend that the technocratic management approach is flawed and in a large part responsible for the decline of Florida Keys fisheries because the approach has ignored social sustainability, leading to a significant reduction in fisher participation, the fragmentation of fishing communities, and erosion of social capital. Technocratic management has also underestimated the importance of non-fishery factors, unique to place, and these factors – including population, tourism, and globalization factors – have exacerbated the impacts of management measures. The net result has been the opening up of scarce and valuable coastal space, which was previously occupied by fishers, fish houses and processors, and other fisheries infrastructure, to conversion for non-working waterfront uses. While measures have been undertaken to foster fisher participation and slow down waterfront conversion, these have largely failed due to the measures’ inability to address the core problem, which is the flawed management approach that undermines social sustainability. I provide a revised, comprehensive fisheries management framework that, if implemented, can at least address some of the technocratic management’s shortcomings and prevent further decline in fisher participation and fisheries decline.

The thesis analyzes the key conditions under which technocratic cabinets in Europe are formed. There are 45 technocratic cabinets in Europe since 1989. This year is connected with collapse of communist regimes in Central and East Europe and democratization. There are also similar political, economic and social conditions under which all governments are formed in this period. The thesis composed of nineteen chapters. Because of lack of literature we have to define the technocratic government at first. After introduction of this topic, the second chapter defines basic terminology. Another part of the thesis is about technocratic cabinets in individual European countries.

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Rapid industrialization, breakthroughs in science and technological development have ushered in an era regarded as a technocratic age. The advent of a technocratic age has necessitated the acquisition of technologically appropriate knowledge, skills and attitudes, and consequently it has become necessary to establish education systems that fulfil the demands set by technocratic age principles. Present-day education is typified by technocratic age imperatives which include meritocracy, specialization, vocationalism, professionalism and scientism. Technocratic age education is further characterized by mass education, free and compulsory education and greater bureaucratic control of education. In technocratic age education systems, entrance examinations are used to select learners for advanced education and training. It would appear that this takes place with little regard for the learner's personal worth or meeting the learner's distinctive needs. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (History of Education)

Rapid industrialization, breakthroughs in science and technological development have ushered in an era regarded as a technocratic age. The advent of a technocratic age has necessitated the acquisition of technologically appropriate knowledge, skills and attitudes, and consequently it has become necessary to establish education systems that fulfil the demands set by technocratic age principles. Present-day education is typified by technocratic age imperatives which include meritocracy, specialization, vocationalism, professionalism and scientism. Technocratic age education is further characterized by mass education, free and compulsory education and greater bureaucratic control of education. In technocratic age education systems, entrance examinations are used to select learners for advanced education and training. It would appear that this takes place with little regard for the learner's personal worth or meeting the learner's distinctive needs. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (History of Education)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_gs_me_assis.pdf: 782615 bytes, checksum: bd8d85ec895c70b04e9de4d660887bb6 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A partir da segunda metade da década de 1940 um novo capitalismo configurava-se nos Estados Unidos da América. Com o início da Segunda Guerra Mundial, uma significativa parcela da tecnologia de guerra foi aprimorada à produção de bens. O grande investimento de capital no desenvolvimento de tecnologia requintada e mão-de-obra especializada constituíram-se na matriz geradora de uma gama de mudanças que atingiram aquela sociedade econômica. Dessas mudanças advêm a necessidade de organização da grande empresa e a previsão dos preços da mercadoria e da sua demanda, para evitar que os altos investimentos estivessem à mercê da instabilidade do mercado. Na esteira dessas mudanças e necessidades a iniciativa privada estabelece uma aliança econômica com o Estado que fornece a regulação de salários e preços e promove o desenvolvimento de um maciço aparelho de persuasão e incentivo associado à venda de mercadorias. Todas essas mudanças foram alvo de muitos debates, críticas e discussões. Dentre os mais importantes trabalhos sobre o moderno capitalismo norte-americano, destacamos as obras Eros e Civilização e a Ideologia da Sociedade Industrial de Herbert Marcuse. A presente pesquisa objetivou analisar essas duas obras e identificar o caráter de originalidade de suas críticas a sociedade norte-americana enquanto produto desse novo capitalismo da década de 1950. Constatou-se que os métodos e caminhos que Marcuse utilizou para construir seu pensamento, produziu um olhar próprio sobre aquela sociedade econômica e projetou esse autor e suas teorias nos mais diferentes meios sociais e em dimensões mundiais. / After the second half of 1940’s a new form of Capitalism took shape in the United States of America. And because of World War II, a considerable share of technology developed during the war was improved and directed towards wealth gain. The tremendous sums of capital invested in high technology and specialized labor became the matrix responsible for generating changes that affected American society throughout. From these changes came the need of organized enterprise and prevision of products costs and their demand, so the market instability would not jeopardize all investments. In the midst of all needs and changes private financial initiative forms alliance with the State, the responsible for regulating wages and product prices, thus promoting the development of a massive tool of persuasion and incentives of products selling. All changes became the main target for intricate debates, criticism, and arguments. Among the most important published works dealing with modern capitalism in the United States is Eros and Civilization, and, Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society, both by Herbert Marcuse. This research project aimed to analyze both of Marcuse publishing’s and identify the body of originality of his own views on North American society as a product of this new form of capitalism in the 1950’s. It is notorious and established that all methods and paths Marcuse built to reach his ways of thinking gave an entire new perspective on American society, projecting the author and his theories into the most various social niches worldwide.