Orientador: Sônia Regina da Cal Seixas / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T13:22:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renk_Michelle1982-_M.pdf: 3930352 bytes, checksum: 015e66c1f3dd1d79c351d8b28c5095b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Com operação prevista para o final de 2010, o Projeto Mexilhão da Petrobras, que visa à extração, produção e escoamento do gás natural e condensado C5+ provenientes da bacia de Santos, possui grande importância nacional, principalmente em termos econômicos e energéticos. Contudo, o empreendimento se situa na cidade de Caraguatatuba, Litoral Norte Paulista, região de grande relevância ambiental, onde a implantação do Projeto conflita com esforços de proteção e utilização sustentável dos recursos expostos no Plano de Gerenciamento Costeiro (PEGC) - Lei 10.019 de julho de 1998 - e o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação da Natureza (SNUC) - Lei 9.985 de julho de 2000. Aliado à questão ambiental, estão os aspectos sociais da instalação do empreendimento. Uma vez em operação, a comunidade será submetida a riscos que não existiam no local e, para minimizar conflitos, a Petrobras realiza um Programa de Comunicação Social, como condicionante do IBAMA, para obtenção da Licença de Instalação. Diante deste contexto, o objetivo desta dissertação é analisar a comunicação dos riscos inerentes às atividades de transporte de gás natural (gasoduto de Mexilhão/Petrobras), junto aos moradores do entorno das suas instalações. A análise proposta foi realizada a partir do material de divulgação do Projeto (impresso e reuniões) e de entrevistas com a comunidade, procurando fornecer uma abordagem sobre a temática da comunicação de riscos com fundamentos na percepção individual e coletiva dos moradores do entorno do gasoduto Mexilhão. Esta pesquisa visa contribuir para o planejamento de implementações de outros empreendimentos energéticos do segmento de gás e petróleo (diante de novas descobertas como o Campo de Tupi), além de contribuir para os estudos de vulnerabilidade e mudanças ambientais globais que já vêm sendo realizados no Litoral Paulista, como o projeto Urban growth, vulnerability and adaptation: social and ecological dimensions of climate change on the coast of São Paulo (processo nº 2008/58159- 7) do Programa FAPESP de Pesquisa sobre Mudanças Climáticas Globais - PFPMCG / Abstract: With operations scheduled for the end of 2010, the Petrobras Project Mexilhão aims the extraction, production and distribution of natural gas and condensate C5+ from the Bacia de Santos -This project has a great importance, especially in economy and energy terms, for Brazil. However, the enterprise is located in the city of Caraguatatuba, North Coast of São Paulo, a region of great environmental significance, where the implementation of this project conflicts with efforts to protect and to use in a sustainable way resources set out in the Coastal Management Plan (PEGC) - Law 10.019 of July 1998 - and the National System of Nature Conservation (SNUC) - Law 9985 of July 2000. Coupled with the environmental issues are the social aspects of the project installation. Once in operation, the community will be subjected to risks that did not exist yet. To minimize conflicts, Petrobras accomplishes a Social Communication Program (PCS), as an IBAMA condition to obtain the Installation License. In this context, this dissertation aims to analyze the risks communication provided by the natural gas transmission activities (pipeline Mexilhão/Petrobras), together with the surrounding residents. The proposed analysis was performed based on the Project's promotional material (printed and meetings) and interviews within the community, trying to provide a thematic approach to risk communication with fundamentals in individual and collective perception of the surrounding residents of the pipeline Mexilhão/Petrobras. This research aims to contribute to the planning implementations of other energy ventures within the oil and gas segment (in the face of new discoveries such as Campo de Tupi - pré sal), besides contributing to studies of vulnerability and global environmental changes that are already being performed on the coast of São Paulo, as the project "Urban growth, vulnerability and adaptation: ecological and social dimensions of climate change on the coast of São Paulo" (process n. 2008/58159-7) of FAPESP Research Program on Global Climate Change - PFPMCG / Mestrado / Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos / Mestre em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos

Cette thèse porte sur la caractérisation du milieu spécialisé des entreprises du risque technologique aux États-Unis. Dans le cadre de la recherche en anglais de spécialité, il s’agit de démontrer que les multinationales américaines du pétrole et des biotechnologies agricoles partagent un discours et une culture spécifiques, fondés sur une stratégie de légitimation de leurs activités. Cette stratégie de légitimation se manifeste à travers des choix structurels, lexicaux, syntaxiques et rhétoriques qui distinguent le discours spécialisé au sein du monde de l’entreprise. Dans la première partie, nous revenons sur les fondements théoriques et méthodologiques de ce travail : nous précisons la singularité du milieu formé par Monsanto, DuPont Pioneer, Dow AgroSciences, Chevron, ExxonMobil et Conoco Phillips et présentons la méthodologie en trois temps, qui reflète le caractère pluridisciplinaire de l’anglais de spécialité. La seconde partie porte sur les manifestations de la stratégie de légitimation dans les déclarations de mission, les rapports annuels et les communiqués de presse des multinationales étudiées. L’analyse souligne des modifications de certains critères prototypiques, qui reflètent une conception particulière de la RSE et de la culture d’entreprise. Une perspective civilisationnelle est proposée afin d’éclairer l’adaptation du discours de l’entreprise au contexte local. La dernière partie traite des genres émergents, de l’adaptation des outils du Web 2.0. et de la mise en place de stratégies de « légidivertissement » et de « promodivertissement » sur Internet, afin de répondre aux enjeux communicationnels propres au domaine du risque technologique. / This dissertation focuses on the specialized milieu formed by technological risk companies in the United States. Within the framework of English for Specific Purposes, we aim to show that American multinationals specializing in oil and agricultural biotechnology share a specific discourse and culture based on legitimizing their activities. This legitimation strategy can be identified through structural, lexical, syntactic and rhetorical choices which set apart the specialized discourse of technological risk companies within the corporate world. Part 1 presents the theoretical and methodological foundations of our research: the specificity of the milieu formed by Monsanto, DuPont Pioneer, Dow AgroSciences, Chevron, ExxonMobil and Conoco Phillips is clarified and the methodology, which reflects the pluridisciplinary nature of English for Specific Purposes, is explained. Part 2 concentrates on the manifestations of the legitimation strategy in the mission statements, annual reports and press releases of technological risk companies. The analysis underscores some modifications in the traditional genres of company discourse which reflect a specific vision of CSR and corporate culture. A cultural perspective is suggested to cast light on the local adaptation of corporate discourse. Part 3 concentrates on emerging cybergenres, the adaptation of web 2.0 tools and the use of “promotainment” and “legitainment strategies” on the Internet as a response to the specific communicative needs of technological risk multinationals.

A percepção crescente da sociedade em relação aos perigos inerentes às instalações industriais que manipulam grandes inventários de substâncias perigosas faz com que a ferramenta análise quantitativa de risco ganhe importância na complexa discussão sobre a viabilidade destes empreendimentos, no intuito de promover a ocupação adequada do solo na área urbana e prevenir a ocorrência do chamado acidente maior. Contudo, para se chegar à expressão de risco de uma determinada instalação industrial deve-se aplicar um conjunto de técnicas e de modelos matemáticos, entre os quais estão os modelos de dispersão atmosférica, usados para se estimar a área afetada na vizinhança da mesma por liberações acidentais que levam à formação de nuvens de substâncias químicas na atmosfera. Em decorrência da complexidade inerente ao próprio processo de dispersão atmosférica, especialmente no que tange aos denominados gases densos, existe uma diversidade de modelos que podem ser aplicados no escopo da análise de risco, o que leva a seus usuários, naturalmente, ao questionamento sobre a suscetibilidade dos resultados finais ao tipo de modelagem adotada. Neste sentido, este trabalho estuda o processo de dispersão atmosférica de nuvens densas formadas em liberações acidentais, identificando as principais possibilidades de modelagem deste processo e, ao final, apresenta um estudo de caso demonstrando que diferentes modelagens desta dispersão, comumente empregadas em análise de risco de instalações industriais, podem produzir variações na estimativa do risco de uma mesma instalação e, portanto, influenciar as decisões baseadas em risco. / The concern of the society about the risks posed by activities that deal with hazardous substances has increased in an environment strongly industrialized and with high population density in view of the inherent potential hazards of them as well as the impact of recent accidental episodes, even though their benefits provided. In this context the quantitative risk analysis is presented as an essential tool to assess the risk of these activities and compose a complex discussion about its feasibility. Some of these accident scenarios may involve the formation of a hazardous product cloud and its subsequent air dispersion in the off-site region when an accidental released take place and one should apply the so-called atmospheric dispersion models for estimating the consequences of the releases. Due to the complexity involved in this atmospheric dispersion process, there is a wide variety of mathematical models that can be applied for estimating the offsite consequences of the accidental releases leading, naturally, to one wonder whether the final risk expression of a facility is susceptible to these differences. Often in the world of industrial use of hazardous materials, toxic or flammable there is a possibility that these accidental releases produce clouds that are denser than air, a situation that demands even more attention in terms of risk aspects involved. Then, this dissertation studies the process of atmospheric dispersion of heavier-than-air clouds produced after an accidental release, identifying the main ways of modelling the process and presents a case study comparing different dispersion models that demonstrates that the final expression of risk of a typical installation can be different when it is used different dispersion model in the process.

Thesis (M.Eng. (Development and Management Engineering)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Thesis (M.Eng. (Development and Management Engineering)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Thesis (M.Eng. (Development and Management Engineering)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

A percepção crescente da sociedade em relação aos perigos inerentes às instalações industriais que manipulam grandes inventários de substâncias perigosas faz com que a ferramenta análise quantitativa de risco ganhe importância na complexa discussão sobre a viabilidade destes empreendimentos, no intuito de promover a ocupação adequada do solo na área urbana e prevenir a ocorrência do chamado acidente maior. Contudo, para se chegar à expressão de risco de uma determinada instalação industrial deve-se aplicar um conjunto de técnicas e de modelos matemáticos, entre os quais estão os modelos de dispersão atmosférica, usados para se estimar a área afetada na vizinhança da mesma por liberações acidentais que levam à formação de nuvens de substâncias químicas na atmosfera. Em decorrência da complexidade inerente ao próprio processo de dispersão atmosférica, especialmente no que tange aos denominados gases densos, existe uma diversidade de modelos que podem ser aplicados no escopo da análise de risco, o que leva a seus usuários, naturalmente, ao questionamento sobre a suscetibilidade dos resultados finais ao tipo de modelagem adotada. Neste sentido, este trabalho estuda o processo de dispersão atmosférica de nuvens densas formadas em liberações acidentais, identificando as principais possibilidades de modelagem deste processo e, ao final, apresenta um estudo de caso demonstrando que diferentes modelagens desta dispersão, comumente empregadas em análise de risco de instalações industriais, podem produzir variações na estimativa do risco de uma mesma instalação e, portanto, influenciar as decisões baseadas em risco. / The concern of the society about the risks posed by activities that deal with hazardous substances has increased in an environment strongly industrialized and with high population density in view of the inherent potential hazards of them as well as the impact of recent accidental episodes, even though their benefits provided. In this context the quantitative risk analysis is presented as an essential tool to assess the risk of these activities and compose a complex discussion about its feasibility. Some of these accident scenarios may involve the formation of a hazardous product cloud and its subsequent air dispersion in the off-site region when an accidental released take place and one should apply the so-called atmospheric dispersion models for estimating the consequences of the releases. Due to the complexity involved in this atmospheric dispersion process, there is a wide variety of mathematical models that can be applied for estimating the offsite consequences of the accidental releases leading, naturally, to one wonder whether the final risk expression of a facility is susceptible to these differences. Often in the world of industrial use of hazardous materials, toxic or flammable there is a possibility that these accidental releases produce clouds that are denser than air, a situation that demands even more attention in terms of risk aspects involved. Then, this dissertation studies the process of atmospheric dispersion of heavier-than-air clouds produced after an accidental release, identifying the main ways of modelling the process and presents a case study comparing different dispersion models that demonstrates that the final expression of risk of a typical installation can be different when it is used different dispersion model in the process.

Le Transport de Marchandises Dangereuses (TMD) est une activité génératrice de risques en raison de la dangerosité intrinsèque des produits considérés qui peuvent, suite à un accident dans le cadre de cette activité, provoquer des effets graves sur l’environnement, les biens et les personnes (effets toxiques, thermiques, de surpression, ou pollution).L’activité TMD se décompose en trois phases : le transport, la manutention (chargement déchargement) et le stationnement. Afin de réduire les risques générés par l’activité TMD, une réglementation internationale a imposé des mesures techniques (prescriptions relatives à la construction et à l’utilisation des colis et des citernes, agréments des véhicules et des récipients) et préventives (formation des intervenants au transport et à la manutention des MD, règles de circulation).Toutefois, cette réglementation, appliquée en France à travers l’arrêté TMD et ses annexes, ne permet pas, pour des sites accueillant de nombreuses marchandises dangereuses (comme les ports, les gares de triage et les aires autoroutières), de mettre en place des mesures préventives et techniques spécifiques adaptées à un contexte local. En effet, l’exploitation d’une d’infrastructure de transport (comme un port accueillant des marchandises dangereuses) nécessite ses propres règles d’exploitation permettant de gérer un trafic de marchandises dangereuses hétérogène, important et régulier (voire quotidien), afin de réduire les risques liés au transport, à la manutention, au stationnement ainsi qu’à la concentration de produits dangereux sur un même site.L’étude de dangers TMD, imposée par la loi n° 2003-699 du 30 juillet 2003, est venue compléter les outils réglementaires existants, afin d’aider certains sites à forte concentration de marchandises dangereuses (définis par le décret n° 2007-700 du 3 mai 2007) à évaluer et gérer les risques générés par l’activité TMD (ou « risque TMD »).Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit donc dans un cadre réglementaire précis et s’est attaché à produire des connaissances réglementaires, scientifiques et opérationnelles, afin de mettre en œuvre et d’éprouver l’applicabilité d’une méthodologie ministérielle d’analyse de risques (définie par l’arrêté du 18 décembre 2009) pour des ouvrages accueillant des marchandises dangereuses. / Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) is a risk-generating activity due to the intrinsic hazard of the products concerned which may, following an accident in the course of this activity, cause serious effects on the environment, property and people (toxic, thermal effects of overpressure, or pollution).The TDG activity is divided into three phases: transport, handling (loading and unloading) and parking. To reduce the risks generated by the TDG activity, international regulations imposed technical measures (requirements for the construction and use of tanks and packages, approvals of vehicles and containers) and preventive measures (training of stakeholders transportation and handling Dangerous Goods, traffic rules).However this rule, applied in France through the order TGD and its annexes, does not allow for hosting many dangerous goods sites (such as ports, rail yards and motorway areas), to develop specific preventive and technical measures adapted to the local context. Indeed, the operation of a transport infrastructure (such as hosting dangerous goods port) requires its own operating rules to manage traffic of dangerous goods heterogeneous, large and regular (even daily) to reduce the risks associated with the transport, handling, parking and the concentration of hazardous substances on the same site.The hazard study of TDG, imposed by Act No. 2003-699 of 30 July 2003, complemented the existing regulatory tools to help some sites with high concentrations of dangerous goods (as defined by the Decree n ° 2007 - 700 of 3 May 2007) to assess and manage the risks generated by the TDG activity (or "TDG risk").This thesis is therefore part of a clear regulatory framework and is committed to produce scientific knowledge and operational regulations, to implement and test the applicability of a departmental risk analysis methodology (defined by the decree of 18 December 2009) for hosting dangerous goods sites.

A presença dos riscos nas sociedades contemporâneas, industrialmente avançadas, dominadas pela incerteza e pela insegurança em razão da constante possibilidade de ocorrência de desastres ambientais e tecnológicos, cujos efeitos não são totalmente previsíveis, conduziu a importantes alterações nas principais instâncias responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento - ciência, tecnologia e política. Um dos desafios para atingir o almejado desenvolvimento regional sustentável diz respeito à adequada governança desses riscos, entendendo por governança de risco as muitas maneiras pelas quais os diversos atores sociais, indivíduos e instituições, públicas e privadas, lidam com os riscos. A presente dissertação parte da análise crítica do estudo de caso do entorno de uma instalação industrial de engarrafamento e distribuição de Gás Liquefeito de Petróleo (GLP), no município de São José dos Campos (SP), e infere sobre a ação de diversos atores sociais envolvidos na gestão municipal do ambiente construído, tendo como eixo estruturante o equacionamento dos Riscos Tecnológicos. Para atingir o objetivo proposto diagnosticaram-se os principais riscos tecnológicos decorrentes das atividades da indústria de petróleo e gás desenvolvidos no município; identificou-se a percepção de risco de atores sociais envolvidos; tipificou-se a relação entre esses atores; identificou-se o modelo de Gestão dos Riscos Tecnológicos existentes; e propõem-se caminhos para melhoria do quadro identificado, com o efetivo engajamento das comunidades locais no processo decisório do desenvolvimento almejado e definição dos riscos aceitáveis. / The presence of risks in contemporary societies, industrially advanced societies dominated by uncertainty and insecurity because of the constant possibility of technological and environmental disasters, whose effects are not fully predictable, led to important changes in the main bodies responsible for development - science, technology and policy. One of the challenges to achieve the desired sustainable regional development concerns the proper governance of these risks, risk governance by understanding the many ways in which various social actors, individuals and institutions, public and private, deal with the risks. This dissertation, part of the critical analysis of the case study in the vicinity of an industrial plant bottling and distribution of Liquefied Petroleum Gas - LPG, in the municipality of São José dos Campos - SP and infers about the action of the various actors involved in municipal management of the built environment, with the structural axis settling of technological risks. To reach that goal, was diagnosed major technological risks arising from the activities of oil and gas activities in the municipality; identified the risk perception of the stakeholders involved; typified the relationship between these stakeholders; identified the model of Management of Technological Risk existing and propose paths for improving the framework identified with the effective engagement of local communities in the decision-making process of `development sought and the definition of `acceptable risk.

Etude historique des conditions d’émergence du champ de recherches de la perception des risques ; analyse critique du paradigme psychométrique et de la théorie culturaliste, ainsi que des conceptions du risque qui les sous-tend. / Historical study of the emergence conditions of risk perception as a research field; critical analysis of the psychometric paradigm and cultural theory, as well as of the underlying risk conceptions.