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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Interação entre plasmons polaritons de superfície e íons de Érbio em matrizes de vidros óxidos teluritos via conversão ascendente / Interaction between surface plasmon polariton and Erbium ions embedded into tellurite oxide glasses by upconversion

Silva, Otavio de Brito 31 July 2017 (has links)
O confinamento da luz em escala nanométrica, em especial para estruturas metálicas, é conferido graças à ação coletiva dos elétrons livres desses materiais que ao entrarem em ressonância com a frequência da radiação incidente geram campos intensos o suficiente para permitir que uma parcela da luz atravesse as cavidades que formam as estruturas, desafiando os limites clássicos da óptica impostos pela teoria escalar da difração. Designa-se a tal ação coletiva dos elétrons na literatura como plasmons polaritons de superfície, ou SPP da sigla em inglês para Surface Plasmon Polariton, conceito há muito estudado em Física do Estado Sólido. Porém, somente a algumas décadas com o domínio sobre a fabricação de estruturas em escala nanométrica, tornou-se possível a análise experimental e a contribuição de SPP na observação de fenômenos em nano-óptica. A ressonância de plasmons em nanoestruturas confere considerável sensibilidade ao índice de refração dos meios próximos a elas, o que abre mais um canal para estudos no campo da interação entre radiação-matéria. Dentre eles há interação de plasmons com íons de terras-raras (ITR). Estes últimos por apresentarem bandas de absorção estreitas e bem definidas, são excelentes opções como elementos na análise da interação destes com os SPPs gerados nas nanoestruturas. Uma maneira de estabelecer o contato direto entre o campo plasmônico e os ITRs é incorpora-los ao substrato no qual o filme metálico onde as nanoestruturas são fabricadas é depositado. Vidros óxidos à base de Telúrio e Germânio reúnem condições favoráveis para esse propósito, por terem alta solubilidade às terras-raras, janela de transparência relativamente larga (0,4 - 5μm) podendo ser analisados desde o visível até o infravermelho e baixa energia de fônon. O presente trabalho consistiu no esforço de criar uma plataforma para estudo direto de interações SPP com o ITR a partir da nano fabricação via técnica de feixe de íons e medir a luz emitida por processo de conversão ascendente do Érbio diretamente pela nanoestrutura devido ao decaimento do íon em SPP e na consequente remissão através da transmissão óptica extraordinária (TOE). A partir de tais medidas há fortes evidências de que a radiação emitida pelo Érbio apresenta a mesma polarização do campo plasmônico originado nas nanoestruturas. / The confinement of light at the nanoscale, especially for metallic structures is achieved due the collective action of free electrons from the material that resonate with the frequency of the incident radiation, generating enhanced fields enough to allow a portion of the light to cross the cavities that form such structures, challenging the classical limits of optics imposed by the scalar diffraction theory. Such collective action of the electrons is known in the literature as surface plasmon polariton (SPP), a concept which has already been studied in Solid State Physics, but only a few decades ago, with the development of fabrication of nanoscale structures has enabled the experimental analysis and the contribution due SPP on the observation of nanoptics phenomena. The plasmon resonance from nanostructures offers considerable sensitivity to the refractive index from the media that surround them, which opens another topic in matter-radiation interaction. There are interactions of plasmons with rare earth ions (REI). The latter class of emitters, presents narrow and well-defined absorption bands, which make them excellent options as probes to the analysis of interaction with the SPPs generated in the nanostructures. To establish direct contact between the plasmonic field and the REIs consists in embedding them into the substrate for the metallic thin film where the structures are assembled. Tellurium and Germanium oxide based glasses gather the conditions for this purpose, because they present high solubility to rare earths, a relatively wide transparency window (0.4 - 5 μm), which enables spectral analysis from visible to infrared, and low phonon energy. The present work consisted in the effort to create a direct platform to study the SPP interactions with the REI from the milling of the samples by ion beam technique; to measure the light emitted from the Erbium\'s upconversion process directly through the nanostructure due the ion decay to SPP and in the consequent remission by extraordinary optical transmission (EOT). From such measurements there are strong evidences that the radiation emitted by Erbium ions presents the same polarization from the plasmonic field originated in nanostructures.
2

Interação entre plasmons polaritons de superfície e íons de Érbio em matrizes de vidros óxidos teluritos via conversão ascendente / Interaction between surface plasmon polariton and Erbium ions embedded into tellurite oxide glasses by upconversion

Otavio de Brito Silva 31 July 2017 (has links)
O confinamento da luz em escala nanométrica, em especial para estruturas metálicas, é conferido graças à ação coletiva dos elétrons livres desses materiais que ao entrarem em ressonância com a frequência da radiação incidente geram campos intensos o suficiente para permitir que uma parcela da luz atravesse as cavidades que formam as estruturas, desafiando os limites clássicos da óptica impostos pela teoria escalar da difração. Designa-se a tal ação coletiva dos elétrons na literatura como plasmons polaritons de superfície, ou SPP da sigla em inglês para Surface Plasmon Polariton, conceito há muito estudado em Física do Estado Sólido. Porém, somente a algumas décadas com o domínio sobre a fabricação de estruturas em escala nanométrica, tornou-se possível a análise experimental e a contribuição de SPP na observação de fenômenos em nano-óptica. A ressonância de plasmons em nanoestruturas confere considerável sensibilidade ao índice de refração dos meios próximos a elas, o que abre mais um canal para estudos no campo da interação entre radiação-matéria. Dentre eles há interação de plasmons com íons de terras-raras (ITR). Estes últimos por apresentarem bandas de absorção estreitas e bem definidas, são excelentes opções como elementos na análise da interação destes com os SPPs gerados nas nanoestruturas. Uma maneira de estabelecer o contato direto entre o campo plasmônico e os ITRs é incorpora-los ao substrato no qual o filme metálico onde as nanoestruturas são fabricadas é depositado. Vidros óxidos à base de Telúrio e Germânio reúnem condições favoráveis para esse propósito, por terem alta solubilidade às terras-raras, janela de transparência relativamente larga (0,4 - 5μm) podendo ser analisados desde o visível até o infravermelho e baixa energia de fônon. O presente trabalho consistiu no esforço de criar uma plataforma para estudo direto de interações SPP com o ITR a partir da nano fabricação via técnica de feixe de íons e medir a luz emitida por processo de conversão ascendente do Érbio diretamente pela nanoestrutura devido ao decaimento do íon em SPP e na consequente remissão através da transmissão óptica extraordinária (TOE). A partir de tais medidas há fortes evidências de que a radiação emitida pelo Érbio apresenta a mesma polarização do campo plasmônico originado nas nanoestruturas. / The confinement of light at the nanoscale, especially for metallic structures is achieved due the collective action of free electrons from the material that resonate with the frequency of the incident radiation, generating enhanced fields enough to allow a portion of the light to cross the cavities that form such structures, challenging the classical limits of optics imposed by the scalar diffraction theory. Such collective action of the electrons is known in the literature as surface plasmon polariton (SPP), a concept which has already been studied in Solid State Physics, but only a few decades ago, with the development of fabrication of nanoscale structures has enabled the experimental analysis and the contribution due SPP on the observation of nanoptics phenomena. The plasmon resonance from nanostructures offers considerable sensitivity to the refractive index from the media that surround them, which opens another topic in matter-radiation interaction. There are interactions of plasmons with rare earth ions (REI). The latter class of emitters, presents narrow and well-defined absorption bands, which make them excellent options as probes to the analysis of interaction with the SPPs generated in the nanostructures. To establish direct contact between the plasmonic field and the REIs consists in embedding them into the substrate for the metallic thin film where the structures are assembled. Tellurium and Germanium oxide based glasses gather the conditions for this purpose, because they present high solubility to rare earths, a relatively wide transparency window (0.4 - 5 μm), which enables spectral analysis from visible to infrared, and low phonon energy. The present work consisted in the effort to create a direct platform to study the SPP interactions with the REI from the milling of the samples by ion beam technique; to measure the light emitted from the Erbium\'s upconversion process directly through the nanostructure due the ion decay to SPP and in the consequent remission by extraordinary optical transmission (EOT). From such measurements there are strong evidences that the radiation emitted by Erbium ions presents the same polarization from the plasmonic field originated in nanostructures.
3

Etude de sources supercontinuum à fibres optiques en verre de tellurite pour la spectroscopie d'absorption moyen infrarouge appliquées à la détection de gaz / Study of supercontinuum sources based on tellurite glass optical fibers for mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy applied to gas sensing

Picot-Clémente, Jérémy 06 November 2015 (has links)
Ce manuscrit de thèse présente le développement et l’étude d’une source supercontinuum dans l’infrarouge moyen pour une application de détection de gaz par spectroscopie d’absorption. L’étude des sources supercontinuum est basée sur la propagation non-linéaire d’impulsions ultracourtes dans un verre de tellurite de composition 80TeO2-10ZnO-10Na2O (% molaire) et utilisé sous trois formes différentes, à savoir un échantillon massif sous la forme d’une pastille, puis une fibre microstructurée à cœur suspendu fabriquée à partir de ce même verre, et enfin cette dernière fibre ultérieurement effilée (aussi appelée « taper »). Ces trois options d’utilisation s’adaptent à différents types de sources lasers disponibles commercialement et permettent d’optimiser la génération d’une source de lumière recouvrant une gamme très large de fréquences. Chaque observation expérimentale est accompagnée de simulations numériques correspondantes qui mettent en évidence les différents mécanismes physiques et dynamiques de la génération de supercontinuum. La première étude reporte la mise en œuvre d’une source supercontinuum induite par filamentation dans l’échantillon massif, à l’aide d’un laser femtoseconde de forte énergie (plusieurs micro-Joules), et associée à une caractérisation spectro-angulaire complète. Puis, l’accent a été mis sur la génération de supercontinuum dans les fibres optiques microstructurées à cœur suspendu (avec ou sans taper) à l’aide de sources lasers femtosecondes nano-Joules. Une étude complète de fabrication et d’optimisation des propriétés de ces fibres avec ou sans taper a été menée, notamment pour améliorer les contributions linéaires et non-linéaires du guidage sur la propagation et les conversions de fréquences associées. Une source supercontinuum s’étalant de 0.6 à 3.3 µm (équivalent à 400 THz de largeur spectrale) est obtenue avec une fibre d’une longueur de 10 cm. Enfin, une source s’étalant de 0.9 à 2.6 µm, à l’aide d’un laser à fibre plus compact, a été développée grâce aux fibres microstructurées effilées pour une application de détection de gaz. Le principal objectif étant d’explorer les raies d’absorption au-delà de 2 µm, qui sont reconnues comme étant bien plus intenses et donc plus faciles à détecter. Un dispositif expérimental de spectroscopie d’absorption par source supercontinuum dans une cellule multi-passage compacte a été mis en place avec succès pour la détection de méthane. / This work focuses on the development of mid-infrared supercontinuum light sources and their application for gas detection through absorption spectroscopy. The study of supercontinuum sources is based on nonlinear ultrashort pulse propagation in tellurite glass (80TeO2-10ZnO-10Na2O) and used in three different forms, namely a thin bulk sample, a microstructured suspended-core fiber, and a tapered suspended-core fiber. These technical means adapt themselves to distinct laser sources commercially available, thus optimizing the implementation of ultrawide-band infrared light sources. Experimental observations are compared to corresponding numerical simulations, thus pointing out the different underlying physical mechanisms of supercontinuum generation. The first study reports the filamentation-induced supercontinuum source in the tellurite glass bulk sample by means of a high-energy femtosecond laser (several micro-Joules) and associated with a complete spectro-angular mapping of light distribution. Then, the main task is related to supercontinuum generation in microstructured suspended-core fibers (with or without tapering) using nano-Joule femtosecond laser sources. A complete analysis of the fiber design was performed, especially to enhance linear and nonlinear wave propagation for efficient frequency conversion processes. As a result, a supercontinuum source covering the 0.6-3.3 µm region (i.e., 400-THz spectral bandwidth) is obtained in a 10-cm tapered fiber segment. Finally, another supercontinuum source covering the 0.9-2.6 µm region, pumped by a very compact fiber laser, was developed, in particular for its application in a gas detector system. The main goal is to explore absorption lines beyond 2 µm, which are known to be more intense and then easier to detect. A complete experimental setup for supercontinuum absorption spectroscopy based on a compact multi-pass cell was successfully developed for methane detection.
4

Rare-earth-doped tellurite distributed Bragg reflector on-chip lasers / Rare-earth-doped TeO2 distributed Bragg reflector lasers

Segat Frare, Bruno Luis January 2024 (has links)
Tellurite glass is a material with advantageous optical properties, such as high transparency from visible to mid-infrared wavelengths, high nonlinearity, and high solubility of light-emitting rare earth dopants. Although tellurite has been investigated in fibers and in some waveguide studies, there is still much to explore about it in integrated photonics. Here, we use a hybrid platform that monolithically combines tellurite with commercially available silicon nitride chips. The platform leverages silicon nitride’s many advantages, including its low propagation losses, mature fabrication techniques with small feature sizes, and low cost for mass production, to enable the development of new on-chip tellurite glass light sources. This thesis aims to study the optical properties of distributed Bragg reflector cavities and explore their potential for lasing when the tellurite is doped with different rare earths, namely erbium and thulium. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the context of this work, introducing the materials and cavity used here. Chapter 2 introduces the basic theory behind waveguides and Bragg gratings, as well as rare earth rate equation gain models, coupled mode theory, and a laser model based on the shooting method. Chapter 3 discusses the design, fabrication, and characterization of passive properties of distributed Bragg reflector cavities using undoped tellurite. Chapters 4 and 5 present proof-of-concept laser demonstrations, by using tellurite doped with erbium and thulium, respectively. These lasers constitute the first demonstrations of distributed Bragg reflector lasers in this hybrid tellurite-silicon nitride platform. Chapter 6 combines the laser model introduced in Chapter 2 with the designs and results from Chapters 3–5 to investigate different routes to optimize the laser performances by studying how their efficiencies vary with different parameters, such as background loss, cavity and grating lengths, and rare earth concentration. Chapter 7 summarizes this work and provides insights into future research work. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Integrated photonics is an emerging technology that revolves around tiny circuits on chips, similar to electronics, but using light instead of electricity. Photonic integrated circuits can help achieve faster and more power-efficient devices for a wide range of applications. In this work, we explore the potential of tellurite glass, a material that has promising optical properties, to achieve on-chip lasers. Lasers are one of the fundamental components in these light-driven circuits but are challenging to be realized on a chip-scale. We achieved compact lasers, which are more than ten times thinner than a strand of hair, a couple of centimeters long, and emit invisible (infrared) eye-safe light. These devices are compatible with volume production and there is much room for optimizing them. The lasers investigated here are highly promising for applications including imaging systems (LiDAR) for autonomous vehicles, augmented and virtual reality, data communications, and chemical and physical sensors.
5

Fabricação e caracterização de fibras microestruturadas de vidros teluritos dopados com érbio / Fabrication and characterization of erbium-doped tellurite glass microstrutured fibers

Osorio, Sergio Paulo Amaral 09 April 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Luiz Carlos Barbosa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T19:58:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Osorio_SergioPauloAmaral_D.pdf: 8946065 bytes, checksum: 9771cf8636d67bee8eb1b92d030d0d13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Neste trabalho três tipos de vidro telurito são estudados, fabricados e caracterizados, tendo em vista a fabricação de fibras ópticas de cristal fotônico. Basicamente, dois processos de fabricação de fibras de cristal fotônico foram considerados: 1) Empilhamento e puxamento, e 2) Extrusão. Os vidros teluritos fabricados são: 0,77TeO2¿0,23WO3; 0,75TeO2¿0,20Li2O¿0,05TiO2 e 0,68TeO2¿0,155ZnO¿0,05Li2CO3¿0,015Bi2O3¿0,095CsCl (mol%), dos tipos binário, ternário e quinqüenário, respectivamente, os quais foram dopados com Er2O3. As caracterizações efetuadas foram: a) Medida do índice de refração, 2) Fotoluminescência, 3) Absorbância, 4) Tempo de vida dos íons de Érbio, 5) Análise Térmica Diferencial, 6) Análise termogravimétrica e, 7) Viscosidade. Como dito anteriormente, pode-se fabricar fibras microestruturadas de telurito por extrusão, ou pelo método de empilhamento e puxamento. A extrusora disponível no laboratório de materiais vítreos foi feita para extrudar materiais polímeros. Nossa tentativa de utilizá-la para vidros telurito não foi bem sucedida. Porém, pudemos tirar algum proveito desta experiência para futuros projetos. Os tubos de vidro telurito utilizados no método de empilhamento e puxamento foram fabricados tanto por sucção vertical do vidro fundido, quanto por rotação horizontal dos tubos em chama. No primeiro método, o diâmetro interno dos tubos de revestimento diminuiu de baixo para cima, devido ao efeito da gravidade, fazendo com que o preenchimento dos mesmos com tubos capilares fosse inadequado, ou seja, a secção transversal da fibra apresentou espaços vazios não preenchidos pelos capilares. No segundo método, o diâmetro interno dos tubos de revestimento não apresentou variação significativa ao longo de seu comprimento, possibilitando, assim, um melhor preenchimento dos mesmos por tubos capilares. Embora as fibras fabricadas com tubos feitos por rotação horizontal em chama apresentem boa geometria de secção transversal, a contaminação do vidro pela chama acarreta um aumento nas perdas de potência óptica dos modos guiados. Este efeito foi eliminado pela utilização de centrifugação em um forno radiante. Verificamos, também, que as fibras microestruturadas com somente um anel de capilares ao redor do núcleo apresentam grandes perdas por confinamento. / Abstract: In this work, three types of tellurite glasses are synthesized and characterized, aiming the manufacturing of photonic crystal fibers or microstructured fibers. Basically, two types of manufacturing processes are considered: 1) Stacking and draw, and 2) Extrusion. The tellurite glasses are: 0,77TeO 2¿0,23WO3; 0,75TeO2¿0,20Li2O¿0,05TiO2 e 0,68TeO2¿ 0,155ZnO¿0,05Li2C3¿0,015Bi2O3¿0,095CsCl (mol%), composed by two, three and five types of oxides, respectively, and Erbium oxide. The glasses were characterized by: a) index of refraction, 2) photoluminescence, 3) absorbance, 4) Erbium ions lifetime, 5) Differential Thermal Analysis, 6) Thermo gravimetric Analysis, and 7) Viscosity. The extrusion machine of the laboratory was devised for polymers. Nevertheless, we tried with telluride glass but without success. The tellurite glass tubes used for the stack and draw process were manufactured by vertical suction of the melted glass as well as by horizontal rotation of the tubes in flame. For the vertical suction method, the tellurite tube inner diameter shows a taper feature from the bottom to the top of the tube, due to the gravity effect, that makes the jacket tube unsuitable for capillary filling, that is, the fiber transversal section shows empty spaces that could not be filled with capillaries. For the second method, the telluride jacket tube inner diameter do not shows a significant variation with length, so it was possible to better fill it with the capillaries. Although the fibers made with tubes manufactured by horizontal rotation in flame shows good transversal geometry, the contamination of the glass by the flame gases brought about great losses for optical guided modes. The burner was replaced by a radiant oven. We verified, also, that micro structured fibers with only one ring of capillaries around the nucleus shows great confinement loss arising from the leaky nature of the modes / Doutorado / Física da Matéria Condensada / Doutor em Física

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