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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Associação entre alterações eletroencefalográficas interictais, ressonância magnética e resultado cirúrgico de pacientes com epilepsia de lobo temporal / Association of interictal epileptiform discharges, magnetic resonance and surgical outcome of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

Barbosa, Patricia Horn, 1980- 26 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Fernando Cendes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T20:41:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbosa_PatriciaHorn_D.pdf: 4694168 bytes, checksum: 4b2bdfa4847274a2d3a88005c77669d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Epilepsia de lobo temporal resulta com freqüência em refratariedade ao tratamento medicamentoso. Alguns fatores prognósticos da epilepsia focal e seu tratamento já foram descritos, mas outros ainda estão por ser melhor conhecidos. Nosso objetivo foi investigar associação entre alterações no EEG pré e pós-operatório e na ressonância de crânio pré-operatória com o resultado cirúrgico de pacientes com epilepsia de lobo temporal. Pacientes com epilepsia focal refratária submetidos a cirurgia após investigação não invasiva foram reavaliados. Calculamos o período livre de crises até a recorrência. Realizamos análise visual da RM crânio pré-operatória buscando sinais de atrofia hipocampal e alterações sutis no hipocampo contralateral. Revisamos exames de EEG pré e pós-operatórios buscando inicialmente a presença ou ausência de descargas epileptiformes. Posteriormente, quantificamos atividade epileptiforme interictal e buscamos associação com recorrência de crises. Utilizamos os testes estatísticos qui-quadrado e Fisher, quando adequados, e construímos curvas de sobrevivência de Kaplan-Meier, considerando recorrência de crises como desfecho, com comparação pelo método de Mantel. Na primeira parte do estudo foram incluídos 86 pacientes com atrofia hipocampal. EEG pré-operatório unilateral não se associou a resultado cirúrgico favorável; EEG pós-operatório com presença de atividade epileptiforme interictal não se associou a resultado cirúrgico desfavorável; RM cranio com hipocampo contralateral alterado se associou tanto a resultado cirúrgico desfavorável, quanto com bilateralidade nos EEGs pré-operatórios. Na segunda parte do estudo, com 129 pacientes incluídos, não encontramos associação significativa entre presença de atividade epileptiforme interictal no EEG pós-operatório e resultado cirúrgico. As curvas de sobrevivência dos grupos com descargas epileptiformes presentes versus ausentes não foram estatisticamente diferentes (p=0,09), porem observamos uma tendência, o que motivou a terceira parte. Desta forma, demonstramos, através da quantificação da atividade epileptiforme, associação entre descargas pouco frequentes no EEG pós-operatório com resultado cirúrgico favorável. Finalmente, na tentativa de estabelecer o EEG pós-operatório como preditor de recorrência de crises, não encontramos, com a amostra disponível, associação entre EEG pós-operatório com atividade epileptiforme pouco frequente e resultado cirúrgico favorável. Estes resultados demonstram que é importante valorizar alterações sutis no volume, conformação, eixo e sinal do hipocampo menos afetado na indicação de cirurgia de pacientes com epilepsia de lobo temporal e atrofia hipocampal. O resultado cirúrgico dos pacientes com hipocampo contralateral normal é mais favorável. Alteração eletrográfica bitemporal no EEG pré-operatório, em geral, está associada a alteração estrutural sutil no hipocampo contralateral, que muitas vezes não é valorizada. Tal achado corrobora evidências previamente descritas de que pacientes com EEG pré-operatório bitemporal tem prognóstico cirúrgico menos favorável. Os dados relacionados à análise quantitativa de descargas epileptiformes no EEG pós-operatório mostraram associação entre atividade epileptiforme e resultado cirúrgico. Tal achado sugere que o EEG pode ser uma ferramenta útil no seguimento clínico pós-operatório. Em conclusão, nossos resultados indicaram dois fatores importantes no prognóstico de controle de crises após cirurgia em ELT: presença de alteração hipocampal contralateral mesmo que sutil, e espículas em uma frequência maior que 4 por um período de 15 minutos / Abstract: Temporal lobe epilepsy is frequently linked to medical refractoriness. Many clinical prognostic data on focal epilepsy have repeatedly been described, while surgical outcome factors are yet to be fully known. We presently look into an association between interictal epileptiform discharges in pre and postoperative EEG, as well as preoperative brain magnetic resonance imaging, and surgical outcome of temporal lobe epilepsy. Patients with medically refractory focal epilepsy submitted to surgery following non invasive investigation were reassessed. We calculated time until seizure recurrence. We visually analysed preoperative MRI searching for signs of hipoccampal atrophy, as well as subtle contralateral hipoccampal changes. We reviewed pre and postoperative EEGs concerning presence or absence of interictal epileptiform discharges. Later on, we quantified interictal discharges and tested association with seizure freedom. We used chi square or Fisher¿s exact test, when most adequate. We also built Kaplan-Meier¿s survival curves setting seizure recurrence as endpoint, and compared curves by Mantel method. We initially included 86 patients with hipoccampal atrophy. Preoperative unilateral EEG was not associated with favorable surgical outcome; presence of IED in postoperative EEG was not associated with unfavorable outcome; contralateral hipoccampal changes on preoperative MRI was strongly associated with unfavorable surgical outcome, as well as with bilateral preoperative EEGs. We then studied postoperative EEGs of 129 individuals. There was not a significant association between postoperative EEG and surgical outcome. Survival curves of group of patients with interictal discharges present and absent were not statistically different (p=0.09), but we observed a tendency in that direction. Therefore, we were able to demonstrate through manual quantification of epileptiform discharges that postoperative EEG direct association with surgical outcome. Our ultimate goal was to establish postoperative EEG as predictor of seizure recurrence. Unfortunately we were not able to demonstrate it with data available on our sample. These results highlight importance of assessing subtle changes in volume, form, axis and signal intensity on contralateral hipoccampus prior to indication of surgery in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with hipoccampal atrophy. Surgical outcome is more favorable when contralateral hipoccampus is normal. Bilateral discharges over temporal electrodes in pre-operative EEG are associated with subtle structural changes on contralateral hipoccampus, which may be underestimated. Such findings is in agreement with previously described evidence of bitemporal preoperative EEG associated with less favorable surgical outcome. Quantification data on postoperative EEG sets forth direct association with epileptiform discharges and surgical outcome. Such finding suggests EEG may be a useful tool in postoperative followup. In conclusion, our results indicate two important prognostic factors for seizure control in surgically treated temporal lobe epilepsy patients: presence of contralateral signs of hipoccampal sclerosis, even if subtle, and interictal epileptiform discharges occuring in a frequency higher than 4 at 15 minutes period / Doutorado / Neurociencias / Fisiopatologia Médica
62

Reconhecimento de emoções faciais em crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia de lobo temporal / Facial emotion recognition in children and adolescents with temporal lobe epilepsy

Lunardi, Luciane Lorencetti, 1983- 27 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Marilisa Mantovani Guerreiro, Catarina Guimaraes Abraão, Daniel Fuentes Moreira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T05:34:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lunardi_LucianeLorencetti_D.pdf: 2173561 bytes, checksum: a55f3655c3270f627ab854a67313743a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A emoção tem um papel essencial na vida cotidiana do individuo. Entender nossas próprias emoções e reconhecer as emoções faciais expressas pelo outros é uma importante habilidade da cognição social. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram investigar a capacidade de reconhecimento de emoções faciais de crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia de lobo temporal (ELT); verificar a influência das variáveis clínicas nesta capacidade e a relação entre o reconhecimento de emoções faciais e a tomada de decisão. Para tal, comparou-se o desempenho entre 10 crianças e adolescentes com ELT, 16 crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia rolândica (ER) e 16 crianças e adolescentes saudáveis, com idades entre 7 a 16 anos e QI> 80. Verificou-se que o reconhecimento do medo foi pior em pacientes com ELT em comparação com o grupo ER (p = 0,00); a lateralidade do foco epileptogênico influênciou o reconhecimento de medo (p=0,04) e quanto melhor o desempenho no teste de tomada de decisões melhor foi a capacidade de reconhecimento de emoções faciais (p=0,02). Estudos sobre os aspectos da cognição social são ferramentas importantes para melhorias na prática clínica, pois pode orientar futuras intervenções e assim, melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com ELT / Abstract: Emotion has an essential role in everyday life. Understanding our own emotions and recognizing facial emotion expressed by others is important for social cognition. The aims of this study were to investigate the ability of children and adolescents with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) to recognize of facial emotions; to investigate the influence of clinical variables in this ability and the relationship between facial emotion recognition and decision making. For this purpose, we compared the performance between 10 children and adolescents with TLE, 16 children and adolescents with rolandic epilepsy (RE) and 16 healthy children and adolescents with aged 7-16 years and IQ> 80. We were found that the fear was recognized worse in patients with TLE compared to the ER (p = 0.00); laterality of the epileptogenic focus influenced the recognition of fear (p = 0.04) and the better performance in the decision-making test best was the recognition ability of facial emotions (p = 0.02). Studies on aspects of social cognition are important tools for improvements in clinical practice because it can guide future interventions and thus improve the quality of life of patients with TLE / Doutorado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Doutora em Ciências Médicas
63

Investigando o papel de genes candidatos na epilepsia do lobo temporal mesi = genes PTPRM e IL1B = Investigating candidates genes in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy : PTPRM and IL1B genes / Investigating candidates genes in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy : PTPRM and IL1B genes

Santos, Renato Oliveira dos 20 February 2015 (has links)
Orientadores: IÍscia Teresinha Lopes Cendes, Cláudia Vianna Maurer-Morelli / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T14:57:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_RenatoOliveirados_D.pdf: 1790615 bytes, checksum: 5e996ae5810a67103c553e7bdc08ecc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: As epilepsias formam um grupo de doenças neurológicas crônicas caracterizadas por crises epilépticas, as quais podem ser definidas como um distúrbio intermitente do sistema nervoso causado por descarga elétrica anormal, súbita e sincronizada dos neurônios cerebrais. A epilepsia de lobo temporal (ELT) é a mais frequente, representando aproximadamente 50% dos casos em adultos e tem como manifestação típica, a crise parcial complexa. Além disso, é frequentemente refratária ao tratamento medicamentoso. Os principais sintomas gerados pela ELT são predominantemente pelo acometimento das estruturas mediais do lobo temporal, sendo a ELT mesial (ELTM), a forma mais comum de ELT. Atualmente é ainda controversa a participação de fatores genéticos contribuindo na etiologia das epilepsias, principalmente da ELTM, que não teve até hoje nenhum gene inequivocamente associado a sua predisposição. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o papel de dois genes candidatos: o PTPRM e o IL1B na predisposição à ELTM. Para tanto utilizamos as seguintes modalidades de estudo em pacientes com ELTM (i) estudo de associação genética através da genotipagem de polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNPs) localizados nos referidos genes candidatos (esta etapa do estudo foi realizada durante o mestrado); (ii) quantificação dos transcritos de ambos os genes, por PCR em tempo real em tecido das estruturas mediais do lobo temporal (principalmente hipocampo) que foi obtido através da realização de cirurgia para tratamento das crises refratárias. (iii) Para o PTPRM, foi também realizada a localização do transcrito pela técnica de hibridação "in situ" em tecido hipocampal de pacientes e de controle. Além disso, como existem evidências do envolvimento do PTPRM em etapas importantes do desenvolvimento cerebral, e pouco se conhece da função específica desse gene no cérebro realizamos (iv) a quantificação do transcrito de PTPRM durante o desenvolvimento em cérebro de camundongos. (v) Finalmente, com o objetivo específico de avaliar se o aumento de expressão de IL1B no tecido hipocampal se refletia também na circulação realizamos a quantificação do transcrito e proteica do IL1B no plasma de pacientes com ELTM. Nossos resultados revelaram associação genética entre SNPs localizados em ambos os genes investigados e o fenótipo estudado. No entanto, em nenhum dos estudos uma variante funcional pode ser identificada. A quantificação dos transcritos em tecido hipocampal dos pacientes com ELTM indicou que ambos os genes PTPRM e IL1B estão hiper-regulados em pacientes quando comparados ao tecido controle. Não identificamos variação significativa na expressão do transcrito de PTPRM no cérebro de camundongos nas diferentes etapas de desenvolvimento. Não identificamos variação significativa na quantificação do transcrito e proteica de IL1B no plasma dos pacientes com ELTM quando comparados aos controles. Em conclusão, nossos resultados dos estudos de associação indicam um papel de PTPRM e de IL1B na predisposição à ELTM, porém não fomos capazes de encontrar uma variante funcional associada ao fenótipo. Corroborando o papel de ambos os genes nosso estudo de expressão gênica no tecido acometido indicou um aumento de expressão de ambos os genes. No entanto, o aumento de expressão de IL-1beta no tecido hipocampal não se traduziu pelo aumento no plasma dos pacientes. Finalmente, nosso estudo do perfil de expressão de PTPRM durante o desenvolvimento cerebral não aponta para um papel desse gene em etapas específicas do desenvolvimento / Abstract: The epilepsies are a group of chronic neurological disorders characterized by seizures, which can be defined as an intermittent disorder caused by an abnormal and sudden electrical discharge of neurons in the brain. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most frequent form, representing approximately 50% of cases in adults, and it is often refractory to drug treatment. The main symptoms in TLE are generated by the involvement of the medial temporal lobe structures, characterizing mesial TLE (MTLE). The contribution of genetic factor to MTLE it is still controversial and to date, no gene has been unequivocally associated with the predisposition to MTLE. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of two candidate genes: PTPRM and IL1B in the predisposition to MTLE. To achieve this we use the following type study modalities in patients with MTLE (i) genetic association study by genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in these two candidate genes; (ii) quantification of the transcripts of both genes by real-time PCR in hippocampal tissue obtained from epilepsy surgery for the treatment of refractory seizures. (iii) For PTPRM we also performed in situ hybridization experiments in order to localize the transcript in hippocampal tissue from patients and controls. Furthermore, since there is evidence that PTPRM could be involved in key stages of brain development and little is known about the specific role of this gene in the brain, we performed (iv) quantification of its transcript during development in mouse brain. (v) Finally, with the specific objective of assessing whether the increase of IL1B expression in hippocampal tissue was also seen outside the central nervous system we quantified IL1B transcript and protein in plasma of patients with MTLE. Our results revealed genetic association between SNPs located in both genes and the phenotype. The quantification of transcripts in hippocampal tissue of patients with MTLE indicated that both genes are hyper-regulated when compared to control tissue. We did not find any significant variation in transcript expression of PTPRM in mouse brain during developed. In addition, no difference in transcript expression and protein levels of IL1B was observed in plasma of patients with MTLE. In conclusion, our results indicate an involvement of PTPRM and IL1B in the predisposition to MTLE; however, we are unable to find a functional variant associated with the phenotype. Corroborating the role of both genes in MTLE gene expression in affected tissue (hippocampus) indicated an up-regulation of both genes. However, the increase in IL1B expression in hippocampal tissue was not reflected by an increase of transcript or protein in plasma of patients with MTLE. Finally, our expression profile of PTPRM during brain development does not point to a role for this gene in specific stages of development / Doutorado / Fisiopatologia Médica / Doutora em Ciências
64

Inhibitory-excitatory imbalance in hippocampal subfield cornu ammonis 2 circuitry in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy

Whitebirch, Alexander Craig January 2021 (has links)
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is among the most common forms of epilepsy in adults. A significant proportion of patients experience drug-resistant seizures associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS), in which there is extensive cell loss in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) and cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) subfields. The dentate gyrus (DG) and cornu ammonis 2 (CA2) subfield are more resilient to neurodegeneration, and a prior report found that CA2 neurons in tissue from TLE patients show interictal-like firing and receive aberrant perisomatic excitatory synapses from DG granule cell (GC) mossy fibers (Wittner et al. Brain. 2009;132:3032–3046). Furthermore, findings from a collaborative study in the laboratory of Dr. Helen Scharfman demonstrated that chronic chemogenetic inhibition of CA2 pyramidal neurons (PNs) in vivo significantly reduced the frequency of spontaneous recurring convulsive seizures in epileptic mice. I therefore explored the hypothesis that pathophysiological changes to CA2 PN excitability or synaptic connectivity may be associated with chronic epilepsy by examining CA2 properties in a mouse model of TLE.Pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in mice leads to a pattern of hippocampal sclerosis-like neurodegeneration and recurring spontaneous seizures, and thus recapitulates key features of TLE. I performed whole-cell electrophysiological recordings from PNs in acute hippocampal slices from pilocarpine (PILO)-treated mice in the chronic phase of epilepsy as well as age-matched controls. In some experiments I used Cre-expressing mouse lines to selectively express a light-activated excitatory channel in CA2 PNs or DG GCs. I also performed immunohistochemistry to examine CA2 interneuron (IN) populations following PILO-induced status epilepticus. I found that in healthy tissue CA2 PNs, like those in CA3, both directly excited other CA2 PNs via a recurrent CA2-CA2 PN circuit and indirectly inhibited other CA2 PNs by recruiting local INs. The CA2 and CA3 subfields also form reciprocal excitatory and feedforward inhibitory circuits. These recurrent and reciprocal circuits constitute an auto-associative network in which INs crucially control CA2/CA3 population excitability. DG GC mossy fibers made direct but relatively weak excitatory synapses onto CA2 PNs. Following PILO-induced status epilepticus, feedforward inhibition is diminished in the DG GC mossy fiber circuit to CA2, in the CA2/CA3 recurrent network, and in the forward-projecting circuit from CA2 PNs to CA1. I found a modest decrease in the density of parvalbumin-immunopositive INs and a profound decrease of cholecystokinin-immunopositive IN density, combined with degradation of the pyramidal neuron-associated perisomatic perineuronal net, which together may contribute to this inhibitory disruption. DG GC mossy fiber excitatory input to CA2 PNs is strengthened, along with CA2 PN excitatory input to CA1 PNs. Finally, in hippocampal slices from PILO-treated mice I found an increase in CA2 PN input resistance and thus elevated intrinsic excitability, leading to a higher firing rate upon direct current injection. The combined effect of these changes may drive the emergence of epileptiform synchronization in the CA2 network and facilitate the propagation of seizure activity from the DG and entorhinal cortex directly to CA1 via the CA2-centered disynaptic (EC LII --> CA2 --> CA1) and alternate trisynaptic circuits (EC LII --> DG --> CA2 --> CA1).
65

Evaluation of Novel Scoring System in the Detection of Lateralized Deficits in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Prabhu, Hema 25 May 2022 (has links)
No description available.
66

Evaluation of Focus Laterality in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Quantitative Study Comparing Double Inversion-Recovery MR Imaging at 3T with FDG-PET / 側頭葉てんかんにおける焦点側の画像診断: 3T MRIを用いたDouble Inversion-Recovery法とFDG-PETとの定量的比較

Morimoto, Emiko 23 May 2014 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18451号 / 医博第3906号 / 新制||医||1004(附属図書館) / 31329 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 福山 秀直, 教授 村井 俊哉, 教授 平岡 眞寛 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DGAM
67

Network specific change in white matter integrity in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy / 内側側頭葉てんかんにおけるネットワーク特異的な白質統合性の変化

Imamura, Hisaji 24 July 2017 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13120号 / 論医博第2133号 / 新制||医||1023(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 高橋 淳, 教授 村井 俊哉, 教授 林 康紀 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
68

Magnetoencephalography with temporal spread imaging to visualize propagation of epileptic activity / Temporal spread imaging法を用いた脳磁図解析による、てんかん性活動伝播の描出

Shibata, Sumiya 24 July 2017 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20610号 / 医博第4259号 / 新制||医||1023(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 村井 俊哉, 教授 渡邉 大, 教授 林 康紀 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
69

The Contribution of Visuospatial Functioning to Verbal Paired Associate Learning in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Fiumedora, Marianne 30 October 2018 (has links)
No description available.
70

Synaptophysin Immunoreactivity in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy-Associated Hippocampal Sclerosis

Looney, Mark R., Dohan, F. Curtis, Davies, Keith G., Seidenberg, Michael, Hermann, Bruce P., Schweitzer, John B. 01 August 1999 (has links)
We have previously devised a semiquantitative grading system for hippocampal sclerosis (HS) in specimens resected for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. The grades range from zero to four based on the amount and distribution of neuronal loss and gliosis. In the present study hippocampal sections from 25 patients who had temporal lobe epilepsy and had previously been assigned a grade were examined with synaptophysin immunohistochemistry, and the synaptic content in specific hippocampal fields was correlated with the results of the HS grading system. There was evidence of both significant synaptic loss and increased synaptic density in different fields of the hippocampus with increasing HS. A marked decrement of synaptic immunostaining was present in fields CA1 and CA4 that were highly correlated with HS grade. Sector CA4 seemed to respond in a more graded or continuous way to the pathological insults occurring in temporal lobe epilepsy than did CA1, which appeared to exhibit an all or nothing response. Also, while the width of the outer part of the molecular layer of the dentate (mld) gyrus decreased with increasing HS grade, the inner part of the mld became wider and showed an increased synaptic density so that the overall width of the mld was increased in the high-grade group. We conclude that quantitative measurement of synaptic loss in CA1 and CA4 using synaptophysin immunohistochemistry is a sensitive method for detecting HS and correlates well with the empirically derived HS grading scale, with CA4 exhibiting a more graded response than CA1. In addition, a plasticity response in the inner part of the mld in patients with high-grade HS has been confirmed and quantitated.

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