Submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the Masters Degree of Technology: Public Relations Management, Durban University of Technology, 2013. / In South Africa, the competition between shopping centres has increased significantly over the years due to the increase in the number of shopping centres and the changing shopping behaviour. The success of any shopping centre depends on the revenue generated by customers who frequent the mall to make purchases or use the services of the retail/entertainment outlets. To attract customers to shopping centres, management has to ensure that malls are effectively promoted to relevant stakeholders. Communication is important in any promotional, public relations or marketing activity and should be effective, persuasive and managed in a formal and structured way which fits into the overall goals of the mall. Shopping centre management may use a number of communication tools such as (and are not limited to) advertising, sales promotions, public relations, personal selling and sponsorship. However, do these strategies play a role in generating revenue to promote the overall success of a shopping centre? This dissertation, therefore, sets out to identify and examine the communication tools used by shopping centre managers within the greater Durban area in South Africa. It does so by interviewing marketing managers and the tenant mix of five competitive shopping centres within the greater Durban area in South Africa. Data will be collected from the respondents through questionnaires and an interview schedule. One of the significant results emerging from this study is that the function of tenant relations; promotions; publicity; and public relations plays an integral part in the effective functioning of a shopping centre.

Aktuell forskning indikerar att antalet köpcenter växer för varje år som går, vilket grundar sig i att detaljhandelsindustrin under de senaste decennierna expanderat allt mer. Mycket av köpcentrens succé har att göra med dess bekvämlighetsfaktor, vilket resulterat i att denna detaljhandelsform snabbt hittat hem hos gemene man. Detta eftersom de erbjuder ett smidigt och effektivt shoppingalternativ jämfört med den klassiska gatan kantad av butiker. Dess placering tenderar även att vara lättillgänglig från både bostad och jobb vilket ökar attraktionsvärdet för köpcentret som i sin tur också har att göra med den ökande betydelsen av en välbalanserad hyresgästmix. Det vill säga den sammansättning av butiker som gallerian har. Butiker som i sin tur lever på de kunder som besöker köpcentret och som blivit allt svårare att locka till sig i dagens konkurrens, ledd av näthandeln. En förutsättning för att möjliggöra detta är att köpcentrumledningen försöker uppnå ett ömsesidigt samarbete med sina hyresgäster för att skapa synergieffekter mellan de olika delarna inom köpcentret. Detta lägger än mer tyngd på ledningen för ett köpcentrums relation till hyresgästerna. Därför syftar denna studie till att undersöka vilka faktorer som spelar in i affärsrelationen mellan köpcentrumledningen och hyresgästerna inom ett köpcenter och utröna hyresgästernas beroende av varandra. För att uppfylla syftet har en enkätundersökning genomförts. Denna har distribuerats till köpcentrena MittiCity och Galleria Duvan som båda är belägna i Karlstad. Resultatet från undersökningen indikerar att deltagarna värdesätter en levande kommunikation med centrumledningen och att de har möjlighet att vara med och påverka vid centrala beslut inom köpcentret. Däremot visar utfallet att respondenterna är oeniga när det gäller centrumledningens flexibilitet och strävan efter ett långsiktigt hyresförhållande. I fråga om hyresgästernas inbördes beroende av varandra pekar resultatet på att deltagarna ser värdet i att köpcentret innehar ankarhyresgäster. Dessutom framgår att de erfar att både deras egen butik och deras grannbutiker gynnas av de kunder som respektive butik attraherar. Däremot visar resultatet att merparten av respondenterna upplever det som negativt om grannbutikerna har snarlika produkter. / Current research indicates that the number of shopping centers is growing each year that passes, which in turn is based upon that the retail industry during recent decades has expanded without a foreseeable end in sight. Much of the shopping mall´s success has to do with its convenience factor. This has resulted in that this form of retail establishment quickly found a home among the general public. This is because they provide a convenient and efficient shopping alternative compared to the classic street based shops. Furthermore its location also tends to be easily accessible from both housing and jobs, which also increases the general appeal of the mall. Another factor that applies to mall appeal is the increasing importance of a balanced tenant mix. That is, the composition of the stores that occupies the mall. Store´s, which in turn depends on the customers who visits the mall. Attracting these customers has become a feat that has grown increasingly more difficult to do in today's competitive environment led by the expanding e-commerce. A prerequisite to achieve this is that mall management tries to accomplish mutual cooperation with their tenants in an effort to create synergy between the various components within the mall. This puts even more weight on the center management's relationship with the tenants. Therefore, this study aims to investigate which factors that is important in the relationship between mall management and tenants in a shopping center environment and also to ascertain tenant´s interdependence between each other. In order to fulfill this purpose a survey has been conducted. This has in turn been distributed to the shopping centers Mitticity and Galleria Duvan, both located in Karlstad. The results of the study indicate that participants value a vivid communication with the center management and that they have the opportunity to participate as well as influence the key decisions within the mall. However, the result also shows that respondents are divided when it comes to the center management's flexibility and the pursuit of a long-term tenancy. In the case of tenant´s interdependence, results indicate that the participants notice the value of anchor tenants and that they agree with that both their own store and neighboring shops benefit from the customers that each store attracts. However, the results show that the majority of respondents feel that it is negative if the neighboring store offers similar products as their own.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-11-01T17:05:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Barra Freitas de Vilhena.pdf: 731814 bytes, checksum: 4883f97995754df3d93040c2862b0c22 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-01T17:05:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Barra Freitas de Vilhena.pdf: 731814 bytes, checksum: 4883f97995754df3d93040c2862b0c22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-14 / This essay seeks to analyse the contracts between entrepreneurs and retailers within the shopping mall. It will address the history of this type of enterprise, as well as the characteristics and aspects that make up its complex structure and differentiate it from other types of enterprises, such as galleries and magazines. Given the peculiarities of the shopping mall contracts, there is a controversy over the legal nature of such contracts. The different doctrinal positions that qualify these contracts as typical, in the frame of the lease, atypical or linked agreements, will be a part of these study, as well as the interpretation which, it is believed, best meets the objectives of the contractors. Likewise, the more specific terms of such contracts will be examined separately, investigating the reason for its existence and the interpretation given by Brazilian Courts of Justice. The study will address the existence of different types of goodwill within the mall, and the consequence of this fact in concluding res sperata contracts, before and after the opening of the shopping mall. The work also has the scope to demonstrate the relevance of the tenant mix to the success of shopping malls and, therefore, seek to explore the importance of the role of the entrepreneur in the project planning and maintenance and constant updating of the tenant mix, in order to attract many customers to a shopping mall, always aiming to increase sales. This work will be finalized with the study of instruments, namely the eviction and denial of renewal of contracts, to be used by the entrepreneur to preserve or improve the tenant mix / Esta dissertação busca analisar os contratos celebrados entre empreendedores e lojistas no âmbito dos shopping centers. Será abordado o histórico desse tipo de empreendimento, bem como as características e aspectos que compõem sua complexa estrutura e o diferenciam de outros tipos de empreendimentos, como galerias e magazines. Dadas as peculiaridades existentes nos contratos de shopping center, existe uma grande controvérsia acerca da natureza jurídica de tais contratos. Serão estudados os diferentes posicionamentos doutrinários que qualificam esses contratos como típicos, na moldura do contrato de locação, atípicos ou coligados, abordando ainda a interpretação que, acredita-se, atenda melhor aos objetivos dos contratantes. Também serão analisadas, separadamente, as cláusulas mais particulares de tais contratos, investigando a razão de sua existência e a interpretação dada pelos tribunais pátrios. Será abordada a existência de diferentes fundos de comércio dentro do shopping center, e a consequência de tal fato na celebração de contratos de res sperata antes e depois da inauguração do empreendimento. O trabalho também tem por escopo demonstrar a relevância do tenant mix para o sucesso dos shopping centers e, para tanto, buscará explorar a importância da atuação do empreendedor no planejamento do empreendimento e na manutenção e constante atualização do tenant mix, de forma a atrair um grande número de frequentadores e potenciais clientes ao shopping, visando sempre o aumento de vendas. Este estudo será finalizado com o levantamento de instrumentos, consistentes na ação de despejo e negativa de renovação dos contratos, a serem utilizados pelo empreendedor para a preservação ou aprimoramento do tenant mix

This diploma thesis focuses on customer behavior in specific shopping center. The theoretical part focuses on terminology which corresponds with the theme. The practical part focuses on analysis of customer behavior in shopping center City Park Jihlava. The main goal of the thesis is segmentation of customers and to offer recommendation to the management of the center. Proposals are processed and based on analysis and results of personal questionnaire.

Föreliggande uppsats behandlar hyresgästmixen i köpcentrum ur ett förvaltningsperspektiv. Förvaltning av köpcentrum skiljer sig åt från andra typer av fastighetsförvaltning. Den största skillnaden är att fastighetsägarna och hyresgästerna är beroende av varandra för att lyckas. I och med att hyresintäkterna är en viktig faktor för ett köpcentrums lönsamhet kan det konstateras att en god förvaltning kan höja värdet på fastigheten. Inledningsvis gjordes en litteraturstudie som visade att hyresgästmix, ankarbutiker och image anses vara viktiga faktorer för att skapa kundflöden och framgång för ett köpcentrum. Det finns trots detta ingen övergripande teori om hur fastighetsägare och förvaltare skall gå tillväga för att utforma en optimal hyresgästmix. Det är därför av intresse att undersöka hur förvaltare av köpcentrum arbetar med hyresgästmixen. Vi vill ta reda på om förvaltare av köpcentrum arbetar aktivt med hyresgästmixen samt vad de anser att en bra hyresgästmix ska innehålla. Vidare vill vi studera hur förvaltare arbetar med ankarbutiker och köpcentrets image. För att uppfylla syftet med vår uppsats har vi genomfört en kvalitativ studie där vi har intervjuat respondenter kunniga inom ämnet. Totalt har sex intervjuer genomförts med en representant från respektive köpcentrum som vi valt att studera. Tre av intervjuerna utfördes med respondenter ansvariga för uthyrning, två intervjuer med centrumchef och fastighetschef samt en intervju med fastighetsförvaltare. Av intervjuerna kan det konstateras att förvaltare av köpcentrum arbetar aktivt med hyresgästmixen. En god hyresgästmix ska innehålla ett brett och varierat utbud, anpassat och riktat till köpcentrets målgrupp. En god hyresgästmix kommer att skilja sig åt mellan köpcentrum, beroende på var de är belägna. Det går därför inte att fastställa en optimal hyresgästmix som är applicerbar på alla köpcentrum. Av studien framkom ett nytt och intressant synsätt inom köpcentrumförvaltning, vilket är att bygga en stad. Förvaltarna har som strategi att skapa fler anledningar för kunderna att besöka köpcentret än bara i shoppingsyfte. Konsekvensen av detta är att hyresgästmixen idag inte längre består av endast butiker, utan innefattar också andra aktörer som exempelvis vårdcentraler och kontor. Vidare kan det konstateras att förvaltare arbetar aktivt med att identifiera och inkludera lämpliga ankarbutiker i hyresgästmixen i köpcentrumen. Förvaltare anser att ankarhyresgäster är av stor betydelse för köpcentrums lönsamhet. De för med sig kundflöden som resterande hyresgäster kan dra nytta av, vilket skapar synergieffekter för köpcentret. De agerar även lockbete för nya hyresgäster till köpcentret. Vi har sett att imagen inte är någonting som förvaltare arbetar särskilt aktivt med. Den uppkommer snarare automatiskt och påverkas av butikerna, främst ankarbutikerna, och allt arbete som görs kring hyresgästmixen. Sammanfattningsvis kan det konstateras att faktorerna hyresgästmix, ankarbutiker, kundflöde och image tydligt hänger samman och påverkar varandra i flera led. Dessa faktorer är också ständigt föränderliga. / This study deals with tenant mix in shopping centers from a property management perspective. Shopping center management differs from other types of property management. The biggest difference is that the property owners and the tenants are dependent on each other to succeed. Since rental income is an important factor for a shopping center’s profitability it can be stated that good management can increase the value of the property. Initially a literature study was made, which showed that tenant mix, anchor stores and image are considered important factors in creating customer flows and success for a shopping center. Despite this, there is no overall theory about how property owners and managers should proceed to design an optimal tenant mix. It is therefore of interest to investigate how shopping center managers work with the tenant mix. We want to find out if shopping center managers work actively with the tenant mix and what they consider a good tenant mix should include. Furthermore, we want to study how managers work with anchor stores and the shopping center’s image. To fulfill the purpose of our study, we have conducted a qualitative study where we have interviewed people with knowledge within the subject. A total of six interviews were conducted with a representative from each shopping center that we chose for this study. Three of the interviews were conducted with representatives responsible for letting, two with center owner and property owner and one with a property manager. From the interviews, it can be stated that shopping center managers works actively with the tenant mix. A good tenant mix should contain a wide and varied range of supply, adapted and aimed at the shopping center’s target group. A good tenant mix will differ between shopping centers, depending on where they are located. It is therefore not possible to determine an optimal tenant mix that is applicable to all shopping centers. The study revealed a new and interesting approach within shopping center management, which is to build a city. The managers’ strategy is to create additional reasons for customers to visit the shopping center than just for shopping purposes. The consequence of this is that the tenant mix today no longer consists only of shops, but also includes other actors such as health centers and offices. Furthermore, it can be stated that managers work actively to identify and include suitable anchor stores in the tenant mix in the shopping centers. Managers believe that anchor tenants are of great importance for the shopping centre's profitability. They attract customer flows that the other tenants can benefit from, which creates synergy effects for the shopping center. They also act as bait for new tenants to the shopping center. We have also seen that the image is not something that shopping center managers work particularly actively with. Instead, it arises rather automatically and is influenced by the tenants, mainly the anchor tenants, and all the work that is done around the tenant mix. To summarize, it can be stated that the factors tenant mix, anchor stores, customer flow and image are clearly connected and affect each other in several stages. These factors are also constantly changing.

No description available.

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the Masters Degree of Technology: Public Relations Management, Durban University of Technology, 2013. / In South Africa, the competition between shopping centres has increased significantly over the years due to the increase in the number of shopping centres and the changing shopping behaviour. The success of any shopping centre depends on the revenue generated by customers who frequent the mall to make purchases or use the services of the retail/entertainment outlets. To attract customers to shopping centres, management has to ensure that malls are effectively promoted to relevant stakeholders. Communication is important in any promotional, public relations or marketing activity and should be effective, persuasive and managed in a formal and structured way which fits into the overall goals of the mall. Shopping centre management may use a number of communication tools such as (and are not limited to) advertising, sales promotions, public relations, personal selling and sponsorship. However, do these strategies play a role in generating revenue to promote the overall success of a shopping centre? This dissertation, therefore, sets out to identify and examine the communication tools used by shopping centre managers within the greater Durban area in South Africa. It does so by interviewing marketing managers and the tenant mix of five competitive shopping centres within the greater Durban area in South Africa. Data will be collected from the respondents through questionnaires and an interview schedule. One of the significant results emerging from this study is that the function of tenant relations; promotions; publicity; and public relations plays an integral part in the effective functioning of a shopping centre.

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / The first fully enclosed, airconditioned shopping mall in a black township in South Africa opened in 1979 in Umlazi, outside Durban. The provincial development corporation (lthala) spearheaded emerging market shopping centre development in KwaZulu-Natal to the extent that, with the involvement of the private sector, substantial knowledge and experience have been gained in shopping centre development in emerging markets over the past two decades. The study focuses on black shopping patterns and household income and expenditure in townships and rural areas in KwaZulu-Natal. The assessments include: • empirical trade areas; • geodemographics and geographic infonnation systems (GIS); • buying power modelling; • market share estimates; • retail hierarchies; • viability and feasibility studies; • centre design (including taxi rank developments); • informal trading; and • tenant mix; location; financing and research strategies. The study fonnulates a universal buying power model for KwaZulu-Natal that transcends ethnic and geographic classifications, to enhance, with the aid of computer technology and census information, the accuracy and cost effectiveness of viability and feasibility studies in shopping centre development. An IntegJ.-ated Commercial Assessment Model (JCAM) is formulated whereby demographic data of a trade area and financial feasibility parameters are integrated to assess the viability of a shopping centre. The study concludes that although there are many unique features associated with shopping centres in emerging market locations, the :fundamental principles that apply all over the world in shopping centre development, also apply to emerg1ng markets in KwaZulu-Natal. Relatively low disposable incomes limit the sustainable size of the emerging market shopping centre. Shopping centre locations are linked to the interdependence on public transportation by emerging market patrons. Factors conducive fo-r shopping centre development, such as high private vehicle ownership, high disposable income, willing retailers, effective town planning and state assistance, have not yet reached levels that would benefit the widespread development of shopping centres in townships. Emerging market shopping centre developments in the central business districts of rural towns, however, have been generally very successful and are setting the benchmarks in South Africa. / Die opening van die eerste ingeslote winkelsentrum met sentrale lugreeling in 'n swart woonbuurt in Suid-Afrika, het in 1979 in Umlazi (buite Durban) plaasgevind. Die provinsiale ontwikkelingskorporasie (Ithala) het aan die spits van winkelsentrum ontwikkeling in opkomende markte in KwaZulu-Natal gestaan. Die toetrede van die privaatsektor tot die mark het verder ook substansieel bygedra tot kennnis en ondervinding in winkelsentrumontwikkeling oor twee dekades in opkomende markte. Hierdie studie fokus op swart kooppatrone en huisgesin inkomste and uitgawes in swart woonbuurtes en landelike gebiede in KwaZulu-Natal. Die ondersoeke sluit die volgende in: • empiriese handelsgebiede; • geodemografie en geografiese inligtingstelsels (GIS); • koopkrag modellering; • markaandeel skatting; • kleinhandel hierargie; • lewensvatbaarheid en uitvoerbaarheid studies; • sentrum ontwerp (ingesluit taxi staanplek ontwikkelings); • informele handel; en huurdersamestelling, ligging. finansiering en navorsingsstrategie. Die studie formuleer 'n universele koopkrag model vir KwaZulu-Natal wat etniese en geografiese klassifikasies oorskry en met die hulp van 'n rekenaar en sensus inligling, die akkuraatheid en koste effektiwiteit van lewensvatbaarheid en uitvoerbaarheid studies in winkelsentrum ontwikkeling, moontlik maak. 'n Geintegreerde kommersiele evalueringsmodel (GKEM) is geformuleer waarmee demografiese data van 'n handelsgebied en finansiele data geintegreer word om die lewensvatbaarbeid van 'n winkelsentmm te evalueer. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat, ongeag die baie unieke eienskappe van winkelsentrums in opkomende markte, die fundamentele reels wat reg oor die wereld met winkelsentrumontwikkeling toegepas word, ook vir die opkomende markte van KwaZulu-Natal geld. Relatief lae besteebare inkomstes beperk die drakrag grootte van winkelsentmms in opkomende markte. Winkelsentrumliggings word verbind met die interafhanklikheid van publieke vervoer van die marksegment. Faktore gunstig vir winkelsentrumontwikkeling soos hoe privaatmotorbesit, hoe besteebare inkomste, gewi1lige kleinhandelaars, effektiewe stadsbeplanning en staatsondersteuning het nog nie vlakke bereik wat die grootskaalse ontwikkeling van winkelsentrums in swart woonbuurtes bevoordeel nie. Winkelsentrumontwikkeling in die sentrale sakegebiede van landelike dorpe is wel, in die algemeen, suksesvol en stel tans die standaard vir winkelsentrumontwikkeling vir opkomende markte in Suid Africa. / Geography / D. Litt. et Phil. (Geography)

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Key terms in English and Afrikaans / Titles in English and Afrikaans / The first fully enclosed, airconditioned shopping mall in a black township in South Africa opened in 1979 in Umlazi, outside Durban. The provincial development corporation (Ithala) spearheaded emerging market shopping centre development in KwaZulu-Natal to the extent that, with the involvement of the private sector, substantial knowledge and experience have been gained in shopping centre development in emerging markets over the past two decades. The study focuses on black shopping patterns and household income and expenditure in townships and rural areas in KwaZulu-Natal. The assessments include: • empirical trade areas; • geodemographics and geographic information systems (GIS); • buying power modelling; • market share estimates; • retail hierarchies; • viability and feasibility studies; • centre design (including taxi rank developments); • informal trading; and • tenant mix; location; financing and research strategies. The study formulates a universal buying power model for KwaZulu-Natal that transcends ethnic and geographic classifications, to enhance, with the aid of computer technology and census information, the accuracy and cost effectiveness of viability and feasibility studies in shopping centre development. An Integrated Commercial Assessment Model (ICAM) is formulated whereby demographic data of a trade area and financial feasibility parameters are integrated to assess the viability of a shopping centre. The study concludes that although there are many unique features associated with shopping centres in emerging market locations, the fundamental principles that apply all over the world in shopping centre development, also apply to emerging markets in KwaZulu-Natal. Relatively low disposable incomes limit the sustainable size of the emerging market shopping centre. Shopping centre locations are linked to the interdependence on public transportation by emerging market patrons. Factors conducive for shopping centre development, such as high private vehicle ownership, high disposable income, willing retailers, effective town planning and state assistance, have not yet reached levels that would benefit the widespread development of shopping centres in townships. Emerging market shopping centre developments in the central business districts of rural towns, however, have been generally very successful and are setting the benchmarks in South / Die opening van die eerste ingeslote winkelsentrum met sentrale lugreeling in 'n swart woonbuurt in Suid-Afrika, het in 1979 in Umlazi (buite Durban) plaasgevind. Die provinsiale ontwikkelingskorporasie (Ithala) het aan die spits van winkelsentrum ontwikkeling in opkomende markte in KwaZulu-Natal gestaan. Die toetrede van die privaatsektor tot die mark het verder ook substansieel bygedra tot kennis en ondervinding in winkelsentrumontwikkeling oor twee dekades in opkomende markte. Hierdie studie fokus op swart kooppatrone en huisgesin inkomste and uitgawes in swart woonbuurtes en landelike gebiede in KwaZulu-Natal. Die ondersoeke sluit die volgende in: • empiriese handelsgebiede; • geodemografie en geografiese inligtingstelsels (GIS); • koopkrag modellering; • markaandeel skatting; • kleinhandel hierargie; • lewensvatbaarheid en uitvoerbaarheid studies; • sentrum ontwerp (ingesluit taxi staanplek ontwikkelings); • informele handel; en • huurdersamestelling, ligging, finansiering en navorsingsstrategie. Die studie formuleer 'n universele koopkrag model vir KwaZulu-Natal wat etniese en geografiese klassifikasies oorskry en met die hulp van 'n rekenaar en sensus inligting, die akkuraatheid en koste effektiwiteit van lewensvatbaarheid en uitvoerbaarheid studies in winkelsentrum ontwikkeling, moontlik maak. 'n Geintegreerde kommersiele evalueringsmodel (GKEM) is geformuleer waarmee demografiese data van 'n handelsgebied en finansiele data geintegreer word on die lewensvatbaarheid van 'n winkelsentrum te evalueer. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat, ongeag die baie unieke eienskappe van winkelsentrums in opkomende markte, die fundamentele reels wat reg oor die wereld met winkelsentrumontwikkeling toegepas word, ook vir die opkomende markte van KwaZulu-Natal geld. Relatief lae besteebare inkomstes beperk die drakrag grootte van winkelsentrums in opkomende markte. Winkelsentrumliggings word verbind met die interafhanklikheid van publieke vervoer van die marksegment. F aktore gunstig vir winkelsentrumontwikkeling soos hoe privaat motorbesit, hoe besteebare inkomste, gewillige kleinhandelaars, effektiewe stadsbeplanning en staatsondersteuning het nog nie vlakke bereik wat die grootskaalse ontwikkeling van winkelsentrums in swart woonbuurtes bevoordeel nie. Winkelsentrumontwikkeling in die sentrale sakegebiede van landelike dorpe is wel, in die algemeen, suksesvol en stel tans die standaard vir winkelsentrumontwikkeling vir opkomende markte in Suid Africa / Geography and Environmental Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Geography)

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / The first fully enclosed, airconditioned shopping mall in a black township in South Africa opened in 1979 in Umlazi, outside Durban. The provincial development corporation (lthala) spearheaded emerging market shopping centre development in KwaZulu-Natal to the extent that, with the involvement of the private sector, substantial knowledge and experience have been gained in shopping centre development in emerging markets over the past two decades. The study focuses on black shopping patterns and household income and expenditure in townships and rural areas in KwaZulu-Natal. The assessments include: • empirical trade areas; • geodemographics and geographic infonnation systems (GIS); • buying power modelling; • market share estimates; • retail hierarchies; • viability and feasibility studies; • centre design (including taxi rank developments); • informal trading; and • tenant mix; location; financing and research strategies. The study fonnulates a universal buying power model for KwaZulu-Natal that transcends ethnic and geographic classifications, to enhance, with the aid of computer technology and census information, the accuracy and cost effectiveness of viability and feasibility studies in shopping centre development. An IntegJ.-ated Commercial Assessment Model (JCAM) is formulated whereby demographic data of a trade area and financial feasibility parameters are integrated to assess the viability of a shopping centre. The study concludes that although there are many unique features associated with shopping centres in emerging market locations, the :fundamental principles that apply all over the world in shopping centre development, also apply to emerg1ng markets in KwaZulu-Natal. Relatively low disposable incomes limit the sustainable size of the emerging market shopping centre. Shopping centre locations are linked to the interdependence on public transportation by emerging market patrons. Factors conducive fo-r shopping centre development, such as high private vehicle ownership, high disposable income, willing retailers, effective town planning and state assistance, have not yet reached levels that would benefit the widespread development of shopping centres in townships. Emerging market shopping centre developments in the central business districts of rural towns, however, have been generally very successful and are setting the benchmarks in South Africa. / Die opening van die eerste ingeslote winkelsentrum met sentrale lugreeling in 'n swart woonbuurt in Suid-Afrika, het in 1979 in Umlazi (buite Durban) plaasgevind. Die provinsiale ontwikkelingskorporasie (Ithala) het aan die spits van winkelsentrum ontwikkeling in opkomende markte in KwaZulu-Natal gestaan. Die toetrede van die privaatsektor tot die mark het verder ook substansieel bygedra tot kennnis en ondervinding in winkelsentrumontwikkeling oor twee dekades in opkomende markte. Hierdie studie fokus op swart kooppatrone en huisgesin inkomste and uitgawes in swart woonbuurtes en landelike gebiede in KwaZulu-Natal. Die ondersoeke sluit die volgende in: • empiriese handelsgebiede; • geodemografie en geografiese inligtingstelsels (GIS); • koopkrag modellering; • markaandeel skatting; • kleinhandel hierargie; • lewensvatbaarheid en uitvoerbaarheid studies; • sentrum ontwerp (ingesluit taxi staanplek ontwikkelings); • informele handel; en huurdersamestelling, ligging. finansiering en navorsingsstrategie. Die studie formuleer 'n universele koopkrag model vir KwaZulu-Natal wat etniese en geografiese klassifikasies oorskry en met die hulp van 'n rekenaar en sensus inligling, die akkuraatheid en koste effektiwiteit van lewensvatbaarheid en uitvoerbaarheid studies in winkelsentrum ontwikkeling, moontlik maak. 'n Geintegreerde kommersiele evalueringsmodel (GKEM) is geformuleer waarmee demografiese data van 'n handelsgebied en finansiele data geintegreer word om die lewensvatbaarbeid van 'n winkelsentmm te evalueer. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat, ongeag die baie unieke eienskappe van winkelsentrums in opkomende markte, die fundamentele reels wat reg oor die wereld met winkelsentrumontwikkeling toegepas word, ook vir die opkomende markte van KwaZulu-Natal geld. Relatief lae besteebare inkomstes beperk die drakrag grootte van winkelsentmms in opkomende markte. Winkelsentrumliggings word verbind met die interafhanklikheid van publieke vervoer van die marksegment. Faktore gunstig vir winkelsentrumontwikkeling soos hoe privaatmotorbesit, hoe besteebare inkomste, gewi1lige kleinhandelaars, effektiewe stadsbeplanning en staatsondersteuning het nog nie vlakke bereik wat die grootskaalse ontwikkeling van winkelsentrums in swart woonbuurtes bevoordeel nie. Winkelsentrumontwikkeling in die sentrale sakegebiede van landelike dorpe is wel, in die algemeen, suksesvol en stel tans die standaard vir winkelsentrumontwikkeling vir opkomende markte in Suid Africa. / Geography / D. Litt. et Phil. (Geography)