Uma compreensão aprofundada da dinâmica de competição portuária é particularmente importante dado o contexto atual do setor, que orienta à outorga de novos portos e terminais no Brasil, à luz da Nova Lei dos Portos, Lei Nº 12.815 de 2013. A avaliação dos reais impactos decorrentes do aumento de capacidade portuária em cada região será atividade fundamental para que, por um lado, o poder público oriente a alocação efetiva de recursos, sem prejudicar a operação dos complexos existentes; e para que a iniciativa privada, por sua vez, possa compreender os impactos dos possíveis novos empreendimentos sobre as suas operações e delinear estratégias comerciais compatíveis com o novo cenário competitivo. A partir de extensa revisão bibliográfica e da aplicação de técnicas a casos específicos, o presente trabalho detalha a dinâmica competitiva entre terminais de contêineres e avalia criticamente seis métodos utilizados para identificar a existência de competição: correlação de market share, comparação de taxas de ocupação, sobreposição de escalas marítimas, comparação de custos logísticos terrestres, representatividade da região de influência contestável e existência de poder de mercado sobre a região de influência. Dos seis métodos analisados, dois apresentam conclusões fulminantes para a questão, embora sua aplicação demande grande volume de informações; um é assertivo em condições normais de distribuição geográfica de cargas; dois apresentam condições necessárias, porém não suficientes para a identificação de competição; e um deve ser aplicado com ressalvas, uma vez que pode levar a conclusões equivocadas. / A further comprehension of port competition dynamics is particularly important in the current context of port sector in Brazil, which guides to the granting of new ports and maritime terminals, based on the Law no. 12.815 of 2013, the New Law of Ports. The evaluation of the real impacts arising from port capacity expansion in each region will be a crucial activity. One the one hand, the authorities must ensure the ideal resource allocation, while safeguarding existing terminals. On the other, the private initiative must comprehend the impacts of new terminals upon their operations, in order to draw up new commercial strategies compatible with the new competitive scenario. This study, based on an extensive bibliographic review and on the application of techniques to specific cases, details the competition dynamics among container terminals and evaluates critically six methods that allow its identification: market shares correlation, occupancy rates comparison, ship calls overlapping, terrestrial logistic costs comparison, contestable influence region representativeness and the existence of significant market power. Among the six analyzed methods, two present fulminant conclusions about competition existence, but they depend on a large volume of well detailed information; one shows assertive conclusion regarding normal condition of cargo geographical distribution; other two represent a necessary, although not sufficient, condition for competition and one must be used under reservations, once it may lead to erroneous conclusions.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

The Public Internet Terminal (PIT) is the Department of Communication initiative that aims to bring electronic communication to all South African citizens. It was launched in 1998 as a joint venture between the Department of Communications (DoC) and the South African Post Office (SAPO).This study postulates that the massive roll out of the Public Internet terminals (PIT‘s) has enhanced the lives of the poor by providing easy access to government services. It further assumes that the PITs are able to facilitate access of eService‘s to all the citizens in particular where electronic services are not freely available such as in the rural and remote under serviced areas of South Africa. In addition, it explores the envisaged value added initiatives stipulated in the memorandum of understanding entered in between the Department of Communication (DOC) and the South African Post Office (SAPO).

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 77). / The work is based on a design project: to connect the grid urban form, and its associated buildings, and their uses, to the larger Maine (natural) landscape, and its forms. These two contextual categories will strongly influence the evolution of the pier site design and ferry terminal design. This work investigates a possible design projection for a commuter ferry terminal and adjacent mixed-use commercial areas on a pier "finger" extension from the historic waterfront area in Portland, Maine. The thesis presents my attitude toward the assemblage of buildings and landscape forms. The assemblage process is the subject of this thesis; its evolution responds to the conditions and needs within the existing context, and is stated in the programmed requirements. The object of this thesis will be the collection of design process drawings. The focus of the thesis is a design exploration for the development of a ferry terminal, a "town room" at the water's edge that is simultaneously functioning as a transportation facility, and an aggregation of varied mixed uses for the public and private sectors. It responds and fits into the existing surrounding context. / by Eric Paul Schmidt. / M.Arch.

Esta pesquisa objetivou contribuir para o dimensionamento e a análise operacional de terminais metroviários e ferroviários brasileiros. Para tanto, iniciou-se com um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o tema, a partir do qual se procedeu à conceituação sistêmica do terminal, do seu dimensionamento operacional e do comportamento de pedestres no mesmo. Com base nesses conceitos, foi desenvolvido um modelo de simulação capaz de fornecer suporte aos processos de dimensionamento e avaliação operacional de terminais urbanos de passageiros ferroviários e metroviários. A pesquisa bibliográfica e uma pesquisa em campo suportaram a concepção do modelo, voltado para a realidade brasileira. A modelagem desenvolvida representa os passageiros ao passarem pelos processos envolvidos no embarque e desembarque do terminal. Devido à dificuldade de obtenção de dados operacionais, foi feita uma calibração do modelo por meio da comparação entre dados medidos em terminais durante sua operação e os resultados do modelo. Foram simulados cenários por meio do modelo e seus resultados analisados, o que permitiu sua comparação e a identificação de soluções que se adequam melhor aos requisitos do terminal. Os testes mostraram que o modelo é adequado para dar suporte à tomada de decisão ao planejador durante o planejamento e avaliação operacional desse tipo de terminal e representa um passo significativo para o desenvolvimento de um modelo mais completo, capaz de permitir sua aplicação a terminais mais complexos, incluindo o tratamento de componentes não operacionais. / This research aimed to contribute to the operational design and evaluation of urban passenger rail and subway terminals in Brazil. To this end, it began with a literature research on the subject that induced to systemic conceptualization of the terminal, its design and the operational pedestrian behavior in it. Based on these concepts, a simulation model was developed to support the processes of operational design and evaluation of urban passenger rail and subway terminals. The literature and field research supported the construction of the model, focused on the Brazilian reality. The model developed represents passengers traversing the processes involved in loading and unloading throughout the terminal. Due to the difficulty of obtaining operational data, a calibration of the model was performed by comparing data measured at terminals during operation and the model outputs. Scenarios were simulated by the model and its results analyzed, which allowed their comparison and identification of solutions that fit best the problem requirements. The tests showed that the model is suitable to support decision-making to the planner during the planning and operational evaluation of this type of terminal and represents a significant step towards developing a more complete model, able to allow its application to more complex terminals, including the treatment of non-operating components.

Lau Tsz Yam. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-94). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Characterization of Colour Deficiency --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Mechanism of colour vision --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Quantitative specification of colour --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3 --- Discrimination ellipses --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4 --- Colour perception of colour deficient people --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5 --- Luminance match of colour deficient people --- p.32 / Chapter 2.6 --- Diagnosis of colour deficiency --- p.32 / Chapter 2.7 --- Dichromat simulation algorithm --- p.35 / Chapter 3 --- Monocular Compensation --- p.37 / Chapter 3.1 --- Principle --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2 --- Potential problems without monocular compensation --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3 --- Existing monocular compensation implementations --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4 --- Compensation algorithm for monocular compensation --- p.47 / Chapter 4 --- Stereo Visual Display Unit - Monocular Compensation --- p.48 / Chapter 4.1 --- Gamut-based palette compression --- p.49 / Chapter 4.2 --- Compensation level --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3 --- Realizing transformed chromaticities --- p.59 / Chapter 5 --- Evaluation --- p.64 / Chapter 5.1 --- Extensiveness of compensation --- p.65 / Chapter 5.2 --- Combination of discriminations from the two eyes --- p.68 / Chapter 5.3 --- Discrimination improvement and visual comfort --- p.72 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion and Future Works --- p.82 / Chapter A --- Raw Data of Experiment 53 --- p.85 / Bibliography --- p.91

本文分為個部分：多技能員工調問題，和集合覆蓋、裝運和劃分混合問題多面體研究，其中第一部分問題啟發我們第二部分的探。 / 首先，我們研究在一個大型機場的國際客運站中客戶服務人員的調問題。員工有同的技能和技能水平。技能定義是二維的，包括操作技能和語言能。在學模型中，我們也考慮用餐和休息時間的調和多處工作地點。我們證明該問題是NP-hard 的。我們推導出有效等式，以方計算過程。我們的學模型能夠幫助規劃者做出決策，及可計算同型的活性對業務的影響。我們的模型也可以幫助決策者計劃長遠工作調和培訓。 / 多技能人員調問題啟發我們這篇文的第二部分：集合覆蓋、裝運和劃分混合問題多面體研究。我們首先證明如覆蓋（或裝運）的等式被删去，該多面體是相當於一個放寬的裝運（或覆蓋）多面體的投影。然後我們考慮混合奇穴多面體（即是一個由覆蓋和裝運等式組成的多面體），並採用圖方法研究，通過考慮同型的等式的互動，推導出混合奇穴等式和完全描繪多面體的特徵。我們再推導出集合覆蓋和裝運混合問題的混合奇穴等式。計算結果顯示，混合奇穴等式有助於減少計算時間。我們還提供子明如何用等式幫助決策。 / This thesis is divided into two parts: Multi-Skilled Staff-Scheduling Problem and a polyhedral study on the Mixed Set Covering, Packing and Partitioning Problem, where the first part is a motivating example of the latter. / In the multi-skilled staff-scheduling problem, we study the problem of scheduling customer service agents at an international terminal of a large airport. The staff members are heterogeneous with different skills and skill levels. The skill specification is two-dimensional, defined by operational skills and language proficiency. In the mathematical model, we also consider the scheduling of meal and rest breaks, and multiple locations. The problem is shown to be NP-hard. We derive valid inequalities to speed up the computational procedure. With our mathematical model, we are able to help schedule planners make decisions and examine the impacts of different types of flexibility on the level of service provided. Our model can also help decision makers with long-term work-schedule planning. / Motivated by the staff-scheduling problem, the second part of this thesis studies the polyhedral structure of the mixed set covering, packing and partitioning problem, i.e., a problem that contains set covering, set packing and set partitioning constraints. We first study the mixed odd hole polytope, which is the polytope associated with a mixed odd hole consisting of covering and packing "edges". Adopting a graphical approach and considering the "interactions" between the different types of inequalities, we derive the mixed odd hole inequality, thereby completely characterizing the mixed odd hole polytope. We then generalize the mixed odd hole inequality for the general mixed covering and packing polytope. Computational results show that the mixed odd hole inequalities are helpful in reducing solution time. We also provide examples of problem settings in which the inequalities can be used to help decision making. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Kuo, Yong Hong. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-129). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Chapter I --- Scheduling of Multi-skilled Staff Across Multiple Locations --- p.1 / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.2 / Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.8 / Chapter 3 --- Mathematical Model --- p.14 / Chapter 3.1 --- Problem Formulation --- p.14 / Chapter 3.2 --- Valid Inequalities --- p.20 / Chapter 3.3 --- Shift Scheduling and Longer-Term Work-Schedule Planning --- p.21 / Chapter 4 --- Computational Studies --- p.24 / Chapter 4.1 --- Dataset and Input Parameters --- p.24 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Staffing Requirements and Shortage Penalties --- p.24 / Chapter 4.2 --- Computational Study: Managerial Insights --- p.26 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Effect of Three Types of Flexibility --- p.26 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Impact of Different Types of Flexibility --- p.28 / Chapter 4.3 --- Computational Study: Benefits Compared with Benchmarks --- p.33 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Heuristic H1: CSA Assignment by Time Period --- p.35 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Heuristic H2: CSA Assignment by Criticality --- p.35 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Comparison with Benchmarks --- p.37 / Chapter 4.4 --- Computational Study: Computational Efficiency --- p.40 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusions --- p.44 / Chapter II --- On the Polyhedral Structure of the Mixed Set Covering, Packing and Partitioning Polytope --- p.47 / Chapter 6 --- Introduction --- p.48 / Chapter 7 --- Preliminaries --- p.51 / Chapter 8 --- Overview of Packing, Covering and Partitioning Polyhedra --- p.58 / Chapter 8.1 --- Set Packing Polytope --- p.58 / Chapter 8.1.1 --- Intersection Graph --- p.59 / Chapter 8.1.2 --- Lifting Procedures --- p.63 / Chapter 8.1.3 --- Facet-Producing Subgraphs --- p.66 / Chapter 8.2 --- Set Covering Polytope --- p.71 / Chapter 8.2.1 --- Polyhedral Structure and the Associated Graphs --- p.71 / Chapter 8.3 --- Set Partitioning Polytope --- p.76 / Chapter 8.4 --- Blocking and Anti-Blocking Pairs --- p.78 / Chapter 8.4.1 --- Blocking polyhedra --- p.78 / Chapter 8.4.2 --- Anti-blocking polyhedra --- p.80 / Chapter 8.5 --- Perfect, Ideal and Balanced Matrices --- p.81 / Chapter 8.5.1 --- Perfect Matrices --- p.81 / Chapter 8.5.2 --- Ideal Matrices --- p.83 / Chapter 8.5.3 --- Balanced Matrices --- p.84 / Chapter 9 --- Mixed Set Covering, Packing and Partitioning Polytope --- p.87 / Chapter 9.1 --- Mixed Set Partitioning and Covering/Packing Polytope --- p.87 / Chapter 9.2 --- Mixed Set Covering and Packing Polytope --- p.88 / Chapter 9.2.1 --- Mixed odd hole --- p.90 / Chapter 9.2.2 --- General Mixed Covering and Packing Polytope --- p.97 / Chapter 9.3 --- Computational Experiments --- p.108 / Chapter 9.4 --- Applications of the Mixed Odd Hole Inequality --- p.112 / Chapter 9.4.1 --- Railway Time-Tabling --- p.112 / Chapter 9.4.2 --- Team Formation --- p.113 / Chapter 9.4.3 --- Course Registration --- p.114 / Chapter 10 --- Conclusions --- p.117 / Bibliography --- p.119

Frente ao caráter fragmentado do espaço urbano das cidades contemporâneas, as infraestruturas de mobilidade e as redes de comunicação atuam como elementos de articulação. Nesse contexto, o transporte de pessoas tem papel fundamental de estruturação do território urbanizado que não se caracteriza apenas por laços de proximidade, sendo as estações ferroviárias nós articuladores das redes de fluxos e parte fundamental desta equação. Este trabalho aborda a inserção de grandes estações ferroviárias localizadas em áreas centrais nos intensos fluxos de escala regional e metropolitana e, ao mesmo tempo, sua consolidação como protagonistas na dinâmica urbana, atuando como geradores de urbanidade e vitalidade nas cidades. Relacionando o papel de centralidade destes equipamentos, sua inserção no território, sua função na rede de transporte e a relação com os espaços públicos do seu entorno, a pesquisa parte da reflexão teórica que enfrenta questões da contemporaneidade para assim analisar as estações através de estudos de caso. Busca, portanto, avaliar as condicionantes atuais que envolvem os grandes terminais intermodais de passageiros que tem o transporte ferroviário como elemento principal. / Given the fragmented nature of urban space in contemporary cities, mobility infrastructures and communication networks act as articulation elements. In this context, the transportation of people has a fundamental role in the structuring of the urbanized territory, which is not only characterized by proximity ties. The railway stations are among the articulators elements of flow networks and are a key part of this equation. This work addresses the insertion of large railway stations located in central areas in the intense flows of regional and metropolitan scale and, at the same time, their consolidation as protagonists in the urban dynamics, acting as generators of urbanity and vitality in the cities. Relating the central role of these equipments, their insertion in the territory, their function in the transportation network and the relation with the public spaces of their surroundings, the research starts from a theoretical reflection that faces contemporary issues to analyze the stations through studies of case. It seeks, therefore, to appraise the current requirements that involve the large intermodal passenger terminals that have rail transport as the main element.

Frente ao caráter fragmentado do espaço urbano das cidades contemporâneas, as infraestruturas de mobilidade e as redes de comunicação atuam como elementos de articulação. Nesse contexto, o transporte de pessoas tem papel fundamental de estruturação do território urbanizado que não se caracteriza apenas por laços de proximidade, sendo as estações ferroviárias nós articuladores das redes de fluxos e parte fundamental desta equação. Este trabalho aborda a inserção de grandes estações ferroviárias localizadas em áreas centrais nos intensos fluxos de escala regional e metropolitana e, ao mesmo tempo, sua consolidação como protagonistas na dinâmica urbana, atuando como geradores de urbanidade e vitalidade nas cidades. Relacionando o papel de centralidade destes equipamentos, sua inserção no território, sua função na rede de transporte e a relação com os espaços públicos do seu entorno, a pesquisa parte da reflexão teórica que enfrenta questões da contemporaneidade para assim analisar as estações através de estudos de caso. Busca, portanto, avaliar as condicionantes atuais que envolvem os grandes terminais intermodais de passageiros que tem o transporte ferroviário como elemento principal. / Given the fragmented nature of urban space in contemporary cities, mobility infrastructures and communication networks act as articulation elements. In this context, the transportation of people has a fundamental role in the structuring of the urbanized territory, which is not only characterized by proximity ties. The railway stations are among the articulators elements of flow networks and are a key part of this equation. This work addresses the insertion of large railway stations located in central areas in the intense flows of regional and metropolitan scale and, at the same time, their consolidation as protagonists in the urban dynamics, acting as generators of urbanity and vitality in the cities. Relating the central role of these equipments, their insertion in the territory, their function in the transportation network and the relation with the public spaces of their surroundings, the research starts from a theoretical reflection that faces contemporary issues to analyze the stations through studies of case. It seeks, therefore, to appraise the current requirements that involve the large intermodal passenger terminals that have rail transport as the main element.

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