Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1975. / Bibliography: leaves 155-163. / xvi, 163 leaves ill. (some col.), map

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-08-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:46:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 casarin_fe_dr_rcla.pdf: 759241 bytes, checksum: 803110f7a1a06bc31e843e1cad93a654 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O cupim exótico Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann, 1896) é a principal praga responsável por danos econômicos nas áreas urbanas da região sudeste do Brasil. No presente estudo foram realizados testes laboratoriais e de campo para avaliar a eficiência dos ingredientes ativos sulfluramida, hidrametilnona, ácido bórico, fipronil, piriproxifen e ciromazina para uso em iscas de controle desse cupim. Inicialmente, foram realizados experimentos em placas de Petri com o objetivo de selecionar as melhores concentrações de baixa toxicidade e que não fossem repelentes ou inibissem a alimentação dos cupins. As concentrações selecionadas foram usadas em uma segunda etapa de testes, nos quais foram utilizados um número maior de cupins. Os experimentos laboratoriais permitiram a seleção das seguintes concentrações para testes em campo: 0,01 ppm de sulfluramida; 200 ppm de hidrametilnona; entre 12.500 e 15.000 ppm de ciromazina; entre 1.000 e 12.500 ppm de piriproxifen; entre 3.000 e 2.000 ppm de ácido bórico. Somente, o ingrediente ativo fipronil não se mostrou adequado para uso em isca, devido à alta mortalidade obtida em todos os experimentos. Previamente aos testes de campo, foram estimados os territórios e as populações forrageiras das colônias de C. gestroi das áreas escolhidas. Os resultados de campo obtidos para C. gestroi nas áreas I (P.S.), II (L.U.) e III (S.O.R.) mostraram que não ocorreu nenhuma repelência ou inibição do consumo do papelão impregnado com os princípios ativos sulfluramida à 0,1 ppm, hidrametilnona à 400 ppm e ciromazina à 15.000 ppm. Contudo, o número de iscas e as concentrações utilizadas destes produtos não foram suficientes para eliminar nenhuma das colônias estudadas. Os resultados também sugerem que, em colônias naturais, as diferentes fontes alimentares exploradas pelos cupins subterrâneos e a competição... / The subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann, 1896) is a pest of major economic importance in the urban environments of southeastern Brazil. In this study, we performed laboratory and field experiments to evaluate the efficacy of sulfluramid, hydramethylnon, boric acid, fipronil, pyriproxyfen and cyromazine as active ingredients in bait. In the first experiment, we tested different concentrations of these active ingredients in Petri dishes, searching for the best slow-acting and non-repellent concentrations for this termite. Concentrations selected from the initial experiment were used in a second laboratory experiment using a large number of individuals. From the results of this second experiment we selected the following concentrations to be fieldtested: 0.01 ppm of sulfluramid; 200 ppm of hydramethylnon; between 12,500 and 15,000 ppm of cyromazine; between 1,000 and 12,500 ppm of pyriproxyfen; between 3,000 and 2,000 ppm of boric acid. The data displayed a fast mortality of termites exposed to fipronil, even in small concentrations, therefore demonstrating that it is not a suitable chemical to be used in baits against C. gestroi. For field experiments, we estimated population and territory size from three colonies of C. gestroi present at the experimental site. Field results showed no repellence for site I (P.S.), II (L.U.) and III (S.O.R.) using sulfluramid 0.1 ppm, hydramethylnon 400 ppm, and cyromazine 15,000 ppm. However, the number of baited used at the selected concentrations were not sufficient to totally eliminate the colonies. This result suggests that, in natural colonies of subterranean termites, different food resources and competition, in this case with the native species Heterotermes tenuis, could influence the success of the control programs.

Social insect is known for its unique caste system, coherence and effective division of labor, but also for the extreme longevity of reproductive individuals in comparison with asexual castes. Although mechanisms leading to lifespan differences between reproductive and non-reproductive castes of social insects are not sufficiently explained, one of the longevity determinants might be telomere length and activity of telomerase as the most common mechanism of telomere length maintenance. Telomere length belongs to general indicators of organismal lifespan. This work is focused on monitoring of telomerase activity in various stages, castes and organs of the termite Prorhinotermes simplex (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) showing up-regulation of telomerase in reproductive castes.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-05-25T13:37:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 2744664 bytes, checksum: c719ef48f2fe0838e19488871aaf71d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-25T13:37:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 2744664 bytes, checksum: c719ef48f2fe0838e19488871aaf71d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Rhinotermitidae exhibits a diverse pattern of castes. Such variation may occur due to the polyphyletic aspect of this group. Heterotermes longiceps and Rhinotermes marginalis belong to different subfamilies within Rhinotermitidae. Considering the presented so far in literature, could be the castes patterns of these species similar to observed in their subfamilies? To adress this question, caste differentiation patterns of H. longiceps and R. marginalis were investigated by morphometric data. Specimens from six colonies of H. longiceps and four R. marginalis were collected, fixed in FAA for 24 h and then transferred to 80% alcohol. Termites were separated by caste and instars and measured. Eleven morphometric variables were inspected by means of a principal components analysis (PCA). Sex differentiation of the apterous caste was carried using carmine dye in dissected specimens. PCA inspection of H. longiceps grouped two larvae instars, two worker instars, pre-soldier, minor soldier, major soldier, four instars of nymphs and alate. Sexual dimorphism in H. longiceps was achieved only by soldiers. PCA inspection for R. marginalis data grouped five larvae instar, two pre-soldier instars, two soldier instars, two worker instars, ergatoid and three instar of nymphs. All apterous were females. Only true workers were observed in each species analysed. H. longiceps caste pattern is similar to already described for Heterotermitinae and Coptotermitinae. R. marginalis showed a pattern already known to Rhinotermitinae, which is a monophyletic group. Developed gonads were not observed in specimens described as morphological ergatoids. / A família Rhinotermitidae possui um padrão de castas diverso, com espécies apresentando padrão semelhante ao encontrado nas famílias Kalotermitidae e Termitidae. Essa grande variação pode ocorrer por esse grupo ser polifilético. As espécies Heterotermes longiceps e Rhinotermes marginalis se encontram em subfamílias diferentes dentro de Rhinotermitidae. Portanto, será que os padrões dessas espécies corroboram o encontrado até aqui para as suas subfamílias? Para entender isso, os padrões de diferenciação de castas das espécies H. longiceps e R. marginalis foram investigados. Seis colônias de H. longiceps e quatro de R. marginalis foram coletadas, fixadas em FAA por 24 h e depois transferidas para álcool 80%. Os cupins foram separados por castas e ínstares e mensurados. As 11 variáveis morfométricas foram submetidas a uma análise dos componentes principais (PCA) para inspecionar os dados na tentativa de agrupar os ínstares em nuvens de indivíduos. A diferenciação do sexo das castas ápteras foi feita através do uso do corante carmin em espécimes dissecados. A PCA realizada para H. longiceps agrupou dois ínstares de larvas, dois ínstares de operários, pré-soldado, soldado menor, soldado maior, quatro ínstares de ninfas e alado. A análise do sexo dos indivíduos de H. longiceps mostrou dimorfismo sexual apenas nos soldados. Já o PCA realizado para R. marginalis agrupou cinco ínstares de larvas, dois ínstares de pré-soldado, dois ínstares de soldados, dois ínstares de operários, 4 ergatóide e três ínstares de ninfas. Todos os indivíduos ápteros eram fêmeas. As duas espécies analisadas apresentaram apenas operários verdadeiros. O padrão de castas de H. lonciceps é semelhante ao já descrito para Heterotermitinae e Coptotermitinae. Já a espécie R. marginalis apresentou um padrão já conhecido para Rhinotermitinae, que é um grupo monofolético. Não foram encontradas gônadas desenvolvidas nos indivíduos com morfologia de ergatóides.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-07-12T14:58:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1625338 bytes, checksum: 8863922d581ee0572be827faee791b95 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-12T14:58:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1625338 bytes, checksum: 8863922d581ee0572be827faee791b95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Termitidae family is one of the most both diverse and abundant among the termites and its caste development pattern has an irreversible decision point from the first changes resulting in two strains, one nymphal and other aptera. In this study, it was assessed the patterns of caste development Inquilinitermes fur, a species of Termitidae family which is obligatory inquilines within arboreal nests of Constrictotermes cyphergaster. Twelve nests were collected over a period of one year, with samples taken every 60 days, from October 2011 to August 2012 in a Caatinga area at the Moreira Farm, São João do Cariri, Paraíba. For the analysis of morphometric data, they were used 11 variables including larvae, workers, pre-soldiers, soldiers, nymphs and winged. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and ANOVA were performed to determine the instars within each lineage and to verify differences among the instars, respectively. The principal results showed that the species has a pattern of caste approximated of the Termitidae family, presenting a nymphal lineage but they have not found the five nymphal instars and another apterous lineage with just one instar for soldier, presoldiers and workers. Sex determinations were made only on workers, soldiers. So, like most studies of Termitinae, we found individuals males and females in the worker caste preceded by two larval instars. Soldiers have also been found males and females, as well as the two species studied Amitermes, which was not found in both sexual dimorphism soldiers as for workers. This pioneering work focused on the castes development patterns of I. fur showed that this species, even though it is obligatory inquilines of C. cyphergaster and has a distinctive life habit, remains the same patterns type of "forked" for the caste differentiation. / A família Termitidae é uma das mais diversificadas e abundantes entre os térmitas e seu padrão de desenvolvimento de castas apresenta um ponto de decisão irreversível a partir da primeira muda originando duas linhagens, uma ninfal e outra áptera. Nesse estudo, o padrão de desenvolvimento de castas de Inquilinitermes fur, uma espécie de Termitidae que é inquilina obrigatória dos ninhos arborícolas de Constrictotermes cyphergaster, foi investigado. Doze ninhos foram coletados durante um período de um ano, com coletas realizadas a cada 60 dias, no período de Outubro de 2011 a Agosto de 2012 em uma área de Caatinga situada na Fazenda Moreira, município de São João do Cariri, Paraíba. Para as análises dos dados morfométricos foram utilizadas 11 variáveis das larvas, operários, pré-soldados, soldados, ninfas e alados. A análise de componentes principais (PCA) e a ANOVA foram utilizadas para determinar os ínstares dentro de cada linhagem. Os dados mostraram que a espécie apresenta um padrão de castas aproximado com a família Termitidae, apresentando uma linhagem ninfal, porém não foram encontrados os cinco ínstares ninfais, e outra linhagem áptera, apresentado apenas um ínstar para soldado, pré-soldado e operário. As determinações de sexo foram feitas em operários, soldados. Assim como a maioria dos estudos feitos com Termitinae, foram encontrados indivíduos machos e fêmeas na casta operária precedida por dois ínstares larvais. Para soldados também foram encontrados machos e fêmeas, assim como as duas espécies de Amitermes estudados, onde não foi encontrado dimorfismo sexual tanto em soldados quanto em operários. Esse trabalho pioneiro no estudo do padrão de desenvolvimento de castas de I. fur mostrou que esta espécie, mesmo sendo inquilina obrigatória de C. cyphergaster e possuir um hábito de vida diferente, mantém o mesmo padrão “bifurcado” de diferenciação de castas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-01-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:40:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 albino_e_me_rcla.pdf: 1301680 bytes, checksum: 95d30ba766dc9edf4dd14372bf809fd7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O forrageamento ou busca por alimento nos cupins subterrâneos envolve os operários, os soldados e em menor número as ninfas. O presente estudo foi realizado visando esclarecer aspectos da biologia do forrageamento de ninfas, o qual é pouco conhecido na espécie exótica Coptotermes gestroi. O monitoramento por meio de coletas periódicas em um período de 22 meses em 7 diferentes colônias mostrou que as ninfas forrageiras são produzidas durante todos os meses do ano. Provavelmente, devido à influência tanto de fatores externos como internos, cada colônia de Coptotermes gestroi possui uma dinâmica diferente de formação desses indivíduos. O estudo da biometria das ninfas forrageiras foi realizado para determinar os ínstares presentes nas colônias, sendo que as variáveis analisadas foram largura da cabeça, largura do pronoto, comprimento do broto alar, comprimento da tíbia, região de crescimento da antena e comprimento do corpo. Entretanto, as variáveis região de crescimento da antena e comprimento do corpo, inicialmente propostas, não se mostraram viáveis para a discriminação dos ínstares. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise dos Componentes Principais (ACP) e plotados em diagramas de dispersão para a discriminação dos ínstares. Das 533 ninfas forrageiras coletadas, 34 eram de 3° instar, 280 eram de 4° instar e 219 eram de 5° instar. Apesar de terem sido coletadas ninfas de 3° instar, provavelmente, estas não participam das atividades de forrageamento uma vez que foram coletadas em apenas uma colônia e em quantidade ínfima. O 5° instar ninfal foi coletado nas 8 colônias estudadas, contudo o 4° instar ninfal foi mais numeroso, mesmo tendo sido coletado em apenas 4 das colônias... / The foraging or search for food in subterranean termites involves workers, soldiers and in a small number nymphs. The present study was carried out aimed at clarifying aspects of the nymph foraging biology, which is little known in the exotic species Coptotermes gestroi. The monitoring through regular collections in 7 different colonies for a period of 22 months showed a production of forager nymphs all year round. Probably due to the influence of both internal and external factors each colony of Coptotermes gestroi has a different formation dynamic of these individuals. The biometric study of the forager nymphs was conducted to determine the instars present in the colonies, and the variables head width, pronotum width, wing bud length, right hind tibia length, antennal growing region and body length were measured. However, the variables antennal growing region and body length, originally proposed, were not feasible to instars discrimination. The data were submitted to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and plotted on a scatter diagram to determine the instars. Of the 533 forager nymphs collected, 34 were from 3rd - instar, 280 were from 4th - instar and 219 were from 5th - instar. Although 3rd - instar nymphs have been collected, probably, they do not participate in the foraging activities since they were collected only in one colony and in small quantity. The 5th - nymphal instar was collected in 8 colonies, however the 4th - nymphal instar was more numerous, even being collected in only 4 of all colonies. In order to characterize the instars, the eye color and the number of antennal segments in the of forager nymphs were recorded. These individuals may have light brown or white eyes, the nymphs with white eyes appeared in larger number and were present in all colonies. The sex determination of male and female nymphs was conducted... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientadores: Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães Pereira, Fabio Marcio Squina / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T10:42:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FrancoCairo_JoaoPauloLourenco_M.pdf: 11009698 bytes, checksum: 254e86d9d04cefe39d74fdc50ea31f23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Os bioprodutos derivados de resíduos lignopolissacrídico, entre eles o etanol de segunda geração ou bioetanol lignocelulósico, são considerados um produto energético sustentável, sendo a transformação dos polissacarídeos da parede celular vegetal em açúcares fermentáveis, um dos principais desafios desta cadeia produtiva. O uso de enzimas (hidrolases glicolíticas) neste procedimento é de extrema importância e a descoberta e caracterização de novas hidrolases serão de grande avalia para o melhoramento e desenvolvimento dessa atividade econômica. Cupins exercem um papel importante na ciclagem de carbono e nitrogênio no meio ambiente. Responsabilizando-se por cerca de 90% da degradação da matéria vegetal-seca em florestas tropicais, os cupins são considerados ecologicamente como um biorreator natural de transformação de materiais lignocelulósicos em açúcares. Seu "arsenal" enzimático (endógeno e simbiôntico) é uma fonte de enzimas que agem em um sinergismo eficiente e que deve ser estudada visando a sua aplicação biotecnológica (Digestoma). O objetivo desse dissertação foi de obter informações sobre o digestoma de C. gestroi, em particular identificando hidrolases glicolíticas (polissacaridases) desse digestoma por abordagens de bioquímica e metaproteômica, além de caracterizar funcionalmente cinco hidrolases glicolíticas e enzimas acessórias do cupim C. gestroi identificados em seu metranscriptoma. A caracterização bioquímica do extrato bruto protéico de C. gestroi mostrou que o mesmo é capaz de hidrolisar diferentes tipos de ligações glicosídicas em diversos substratos polissacarídeos naturais em diversos pH diferentes (pH 4 - pH 8). A análise do metaproteoma identificou cerca de 55 proteínas com similaridades com hidrolases glicolíticas, sendo a ocorrência dessas proteínas validadas funcionalmente como dados de ensaios enzimáticos e análise de eletroforese capilar. A caracterização funcional de uma Endo-ß-1,4-glicosidase (EG1Cg - GH9) e uma ß-1,4-glicosidase (BG1Cg - GH1) endógenas que as enzimas possui uma atividade ótima em pH em torno de pH 5-6, a temperatura ótima de atividade foi em torno de 50-55 ºC, além de a cinética enzimática revelar um padrão michaeliano para as enzimas. O modo de operação dessas enzimas são conservados, bem como sua estrutura tridimensional e resíduos catalíticos. Concluímos que o cupim Coptotermes gestroi possui as principais classes de hidrolases glicolíticas envolvidas na degradação da biomassa vegetal, sendo essas enzimas de grande potencial biotecnológico / Abstract: The bioproducts derived from lignopolissascharides residues, such as, second-generation ethanol or lignocellulosic bioethanol, are considered a sustainable energy product, and the transformation of plant cell wall polysaccharides into fermentable sugars, one of the main challenges to enhance productivity of this bioproduct. The use of enzymes (glycoside hydrolases) in this procedure is substantial and discovery and characterizations of new hydrolases are high rating for the improvement and development of this economic activity. Termites play an important role in the cycling of carbon and nitrogen in the environment. They are responsible for about 90% o plant matter-dry degradation in tropical forests. Termites are ecologically considered as a natural bioreactor for conversion of lignocellulosic materials into sugar. It enzymatic repertoire (endogenous and symbiotic) is a source of enzymes that act in a effective synergism and should be studied to determine whether its biotechnological application. Initially, the aim of this thesis was to obtain information about the digestoma of lower termite Coptotermes gestroi, particularly the glycoside hydrolases (polissacharidases) by a biochemical and metaproteomic approach and the secondly aim were characterize functionally five enzymes from C. gestroi digestome (glycoside hydrolases and accessory proteins). Biochemical characterization of crude extract protein from C. gestroi showed that it is able to hydrolyze glycosidic linkages of different types in different natural polysaccharide substrates in several different pH (pH 4 - pH 8). The analysis of metaproteoma identified about 55 proteins with similarities to glycoside hydrolases, and the occurrence of these proteins were functionally validated with biochemical assays and capillary electrophoresis. The functional characterization of endogenous endo-ß-1,4- glucosidase (CgEG1 - GH9) and a ß-1 ,4-glucosidase (CgBG1 - GH1) from C. gestroi showed the optimum pH of activity around pH 5.6 , the optimum temperature for activity was around 50-55 °C, further than enzyme kinetics reveal a pattern michaeliano for enzymes. The modes of operation of these enzymes are conserved, as well as their three-dimensional structure and catalytic residues. Thus we conclude that the lower termite Coptotermes gestroi has the major classes of hydrolases involved in the glycolytic degradation of plant biomass being these enzymes of great biotechnological potential / Mestrado / Genetica Animal e Evolução / Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular

The ant Pachycondyla analis (formerly Megaponera foetens, commonly known as the Matabele ant) is a widespread ponerine in sub-Saharan Africa. It feeds solely on termites of economic importance belonging to the sub-family Macrotermitinae. These termites are captured during organised raids on their nests and galleries. Previous studies mostly concentrated on certain aspects of the raiding behaviour and trail laying pheromones in this species. Thus the detailed raiding behaviour and chemically-mediated communication between P. analis and its prey are virtually unknown. The aim of this study was to undertake detailed behavioural studies on termite raiding behaviour of P. analis, and to investigate whether P. analis uses olfactory cues for intra-specific communication during termite raids, and for detecting its prey. Termite raiding behaviour of P. analis was monitored at Mpala, a Kenyan savannah for six months (April to September, 2007). During this period, raids were found to occur mainly in the mornings and evenings, with late night raids occurring during dry periods. P. analis at Mpala mainly nests under rocks and in deserted termite mounds. Microtermes and Odontotermes were the main preyed termite genera, and ant raiding behaviour was synchronised with termite prey behaviour, and was influenced by foraging costs, prey defences and rewards. Olfactometric assays showed that P. analis workers used olfactory cues in their intra-specific chemical communication, with workers responding more to volatiles of individuals of the same size class (major to major and minor to minor) than between groups. Major workers discriminated more between the volatiles of the two groups than minor workers. GC-MS analysis of volatiles from major and minor workers revealed a cocktail of 48 compounds, majority of which were hydrocarbons. Volatile compounds were colony specific and quantitative analysis showed that major and minor workers alone released 2.5 fold more volatiles than the mixed stages. This suggests that ants have the innate ability to regulate the levels of the colony odour which they make up for with higher release levels when separated from each other. Using a Mandible Opening Response (MOR) bioassay, ants were able to distinguish between nestmates and non-nestmates based on cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles. This suggests that P. analis uses CHCs as short range contact recognition cues within the nest in traditional nest protection and during raids on termite species. GC-MS analyses revealed hydrocarbons of chain lengths in the range C8-C31 in the CHC profiles, comprising mainly alkanes, alkenes and methyl-branched alkanes. The CHCs were colony and individual worker specific. Nestmate recognition in P. analis may be encoded in the alkenes and methyl-branched alkanes. Dual choice olfactometric assays revealed that P. analis uses olfactory cues in locating potential termite sources with an average of 65% of workers choosing odours against the blank (clean air). When termite odours were offered to both major and minor workers, their choices were biased towards the termite odours, with minor workers attracted more to the odours than were major workers. Although ants responded to odours from the soil obtained for the termite gallery, overall, odours from termites inside their galleries were the most attractive to ants. These results suggest that the combined odours from both the termites and gallery components (in particular soil), serves as an effective nest location cue for the ants. Comparative GC-MS analyses showed that the composition of the volatiles from the gallery soil was richer than that released by the termites. Consistent with previous studies, the volatiles of the gallery soil were found to contain hydrocarbons, naphthalene and derivatives of this compound. In conclusion, these studies have revealed the rich diversity of chemical communication cues used by this ant species for nestmate recognition and for prey location during raids in search for its food source. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Zoology and Entomology / unrestricted

The presence of soldier caste is an important synapomorphy of group Isoptera. The adaptation of this caste to defense tasks is more than obvious and some of their morphological or even behavioral adaptations can be quite impressive. The polyethism in termites is relatively well known inbetween rather worker caste. If there are such a studies pointing at polyethism in soldiers, they are connected with soldier polymorphism. The morphological differences are of course important stimulus to role separation. The goal of this thesis was to examine the polyethism in the species of the termite with monomorphic soldiers - Prorhinotermes simplex. I did behavioral experiments with it in enclosed arenas, recorded on specific days. The data shows, that there are differences inbetween individuals and it would be benefical to invest further time to subsequent studies. The thesis bring out new point of view to defensive behaviour of termites and suggests, that even termite species without polymorphic species may have soldiers with different tasks. Besides I managed to map ontogeny of soldier behaviour in the first two weeks after moulting from presoldier instar. Key words: Isoptera, polyethism, soldiers, ontogeny, defensive behaviour Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第12762号 / 論農博第2785号 / 新制||農||1016(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H25||N4785(農学部図書室) / 30614 / (主査)教授 奥村 正悟, 教授 中野 隆人, 教授 吉村 剛 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM