Detta arbete är en resa som försöker finna den kreativa potentialen på en ödeplats i Malmö. I tre delar observeras, analyseras och till sist gestaltas platsen och dess inneboende komponenter och material. Material som betraktas som mindre eftertraktade, till och med oönskade, i den i övrigt planerade staden, observeras och upptäcks för att sedan placeras i en ny kontext som framhäver dess kreativa potential. Denna uppsats är lika mycket en personlig resa i att skapa en mental ordning på platsen som det är ett examensarbete för urbana studier. Platsens svårförklarliga disposition i landskapet och dess till synes vildvuxna och slumpmässiga innebörd utgör en intressant forskningsstudie som syftar till att framhäva material eller beståndsdelar på platser som annars klassificeras som oönskade och mindre attraktiva. / This work is a journey that seeks to discover the creative potential of an abandoned site in Malmö. In three parts, the site and its inherent components and materials are observed, analyzed, and ultimately given form. Materials that are considered less desirable, even unwanted, in the otherwise planned city, are observed and discovered to be placed in a new context that highlights their creative potential. This essay is as much a personal journey in creating a mental order of the place as it is a thesis for urban studies. The site’s inexplicable disposition in the landscape and its seemingly overgrown and random significance constitute an interesting research study aimed at emphasizing materials or elements in places otherwise classified as undesirable and less attractive.

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Accurate and efficient tire models for deformable terrain operations are essential for performing vehicle simulations. Assessment of the forces and moments that occur at the tire-terrain interface, and the effect of the tire motion on properties of the terrain are crucial in understanding the performance of a vehicle. In order to model the dynamic behavior of the tire on different terrains, a lumped mass discretized tire model using Kelvin-Voigt elements is developed. To optimize the computational time of the code, different techniques were used in memory allocation, parameter initialization, code sequence, and multi-processing. This has resulted in significant improvements in efficiency of the code that can now run close to real time and therefore it is suitable for use by commercially available vehicle simulation packages. Model parameters are obtained using a validated finite element tire model, modal analysis, and other experimental test procedures. Experimental tests were performed on the Terramechanics rig at Virginia Tech. The tests were performed on different terrains; tire forces and moments, soil sinkage, and tire deformation data were collected for various case studies based on a design of experiment matrix. This data, in addition to modal analysis data were used to validate the tire model. Furthermore, to study the validity of the tire model, simulations at conditions similar to the test conditions were performed on a quarter car model. The results have indicated the superiority of this model as compared to other lumped parameter models currently available. / Ph. D.

This study focuses on the Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) model for representing terrain. A TIN is a vector representation of terrain composed of vertices, lines, and triangular polygons. The elevation values are stored in the vertices. TINs are used in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for terrain analyses. In particular 1 compare TIN extraction methods. A TIN extraction method is a method in which points are selected from a raster Digital Elevation Model (DEM) in order to construct a TIN. Evaluations of TIN extraction methods have been performed in the past. However, none have compared the TIN extraction methods with terrain texture. This study compared and analyzed the four most popular TIN extraction methods: VIP, Hierarchy, Drop Heuristic, and LATTICETIN. Comparison of the TIN extraction methods was based on the 90th percentile of the absolute error, the absolute error being the absolute difference between TIN elevation and DEM elevation at each point. The results indicated that LATTICETIN yielded the lowest 90th percentile errors for all types of terrain textures and Drop Heuristic was second best in most instances. The Hierarchy method was superior to VIP when less than 12% of the original DEM points were selected. When 12% of the original DEM points were selected, VIP outperformed the Hierarchy method. A correlation was found among TIN accuracy and terrain texture. There was a direct relationship between the two variables. / Master of Science

Studying the kinetic and kinematics of the rim-tire combination is very important in full vehicle simulations, as well as for the tire design process. Tire maneuvers are either quasi-static, such as steady-state rolling, or dynamic, such as traction and braking. The rolling of the tire over obstacles and potholes and, more generally, over uneven roads are other examples of dynamic events which are of importance. In the latter case, tire dynamic models are used for durability assessment of the vehicle chassis, and should be studied using high fidelity simulation models. In this study, a threedimensional finite element model (FEM) of the 16 inch TMPT Tire has been developed using the commercial software package ABAQUS. The purpose of this study is to investigate tire transient dynamic behavior for various inputs. The process of running dynamic FE tire simulations starts by statically inflating and loading the tire using an implicit method with refined mesh in the contact patch. Then, by using the "result transfer" option in ABAQUS, final state vectors are used as initial conditions for subsequent simulations. Using this sequence of loading steps helps increase the efficiency of the code. The validation of the model is performed in two stages. First, tire mode shapes and associated natural frequencies and damping values are compared with the experimental data. Second, a series of transient dynamic simulations are performed using an explicit method with a fine mesh around the circumference of the tire. Finally, the FEM model results are filtered to eliminate the numerical noise, and their correlation with the test data is investigated. Moreover, the peak values and time shifts associated with spindle forces as a function of normal load are studied. The results show that the tire dynamic response is autonomous. / Master of Science

The accuracy of computer-based ground vehicle durability and ride quality simulations depends on accurate representation of road surface topology as an excitation to vehicle dynamics simulation software, since most of the excitation input to a vehicle as it traverses terrain is provided by the surface topology. It is not computationally efficient to utilise physically measured terrain topology for these simulations since extremely large data sets would be required to represent terrain of all desired types. Moreover, performing repeated simulations on the same set of measured data would not provide a random character typical of real world usage. There exist several methods of synthesising terrain data through the use of stochastic or mathematical models in order to capture such physical properties of measured terrain as roughness, bank angle and grade. In first part of this work, the autoregressive model and the Markov chain model have been applied to generate synthetic two-dimensional terrain profiles. The synthesised terrain profiles generated are expected to capture the statistical properties of the measured data. A methodology is then proposed; to assess the performance of these models of terrain in capturing the statistical properties of the measured terrain. This is done through the application of several statistical property tests to the measured and synthesized terrain profiles. The second part of this work describes the procedure that has been followed to assess the performance of these models in capturing the vehicle component fatigue-inducing characteristics of the measured terrain, by predicting suspension component fatigue life based on the loading conditions obtained from the measured terrain and the corresponding synthesized terrain. The terrain model assessment methodology presented in this work can be applied to any model of terrain, serving to identify which terrain models are suited to which type of terrain. / Master of Science