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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Validação da preferência claro/escuro como modelo comportamental de ansiedade no Carassius auratus (peixe dourado) / Validation of the light/dark preference as a behavioral model of anxiety in Carassius auratus (goldfish).

Thiago Marques de Brito 26 August 2011 (has links)
A validação de um modelo experimental para se investigar a ansiedade deve estar baseada inicialmente em uma validação comportamental paramétrica, que pressupõe a investigação de respostas relacionadas ao comportamento de defesa da espécie frente às situações aversivas presentes no ambiente de exposição. Assim, o presente trabalho validou a preferência claro/escuro como um modelo comportamental para o estudo da ansiedade no peixe Carassius auratus (peixe dourado). Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: repetição das exposições ao aparato de teste em 5 sessões diárias, privação de comida, aquário enriquecido, troca de água do aquário antes dos testes, proporções diferentes do compartimento claro e escuro, e aquário com a metade do comprimento. Os dados indicaram que as reexposições aumentaram o número de cruzamentos, indicando que a mesma aumenta a exploração do aparato, atenuando os componentes aversivos do ambiente. Os peixes alojados no aquário enriquecido se locomoveram mais no aparato, e não apresentam preferência significativa por nenhum dos compartimentos (claro/escuro), evidenciando que a aversividade do ambiente claro foi atenuada pelo alojamento em um aquário enriquecido. Os animais privados de comida por 48 h não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os tempos gastos nos compartimentos claro e escuro do aquário, indicando uma maior exploração do aparato em busca de alimento. Os animais que passaram pelo procedimento de troca de água do aquário de testes não apresentaram preferência por nenhum dos compartimentos, indicando que os peixes, provavelmente, liberam sinalizadores químicos na água que informam seus co-específicos sobre o potencial aversivo do ambiente. Quanto à proporção do aquário, os animais expostos ao aquário teste 75% claro e 25% escuro se locomoveram menos que os do aquário controle, indicando que uma maior área clara, pode levar a uma ampliação da aversividade nesse aquário. Quando os sujeitos foram submetidos ao aquário 75% escuro e 25% claro, a frequência de cruzamentos foi maior no grupo controle e, nesse caso, a maior locomoção pode estar associada a uma atenuação da aversividade do ambiente relacionada a presença de uma maior área escura. No aquário 87,5% claro e 12,5% escuro, os animais do grupo experimental não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os tempos gastos em nenhum dos compartimentos do aquário, indicando que uma maior área clara (aversiva) altera a preferência por ambientes escuros. Os peixes expostos ao aquário com a metade do comprimento aumentaram sua locomoção, evidenciando que o comprimento do aparato interfere na aversividade do compartimento claro. De forma geral, os dados demonstraram que a manipulação de estímulos ambientais altera os padrões comportamentais exploratórios relacionados à preferência claro/escuro, os quais podem estar associados a diferentes comportamentos relacionados à ansiedade. / The validation of an experimental model to investigate the anxiety must be initially based in a parametric behavioral validation, which involves investigating responses related to the defense behavior of the species to cope with aversive situations in the environment of exposure. Thus, the present study validated the light/dark preference as a behavioral model for the study of anxiety in Carassius auratus (goldfish). The following parameters were evaluated: repetition of exposures to the test apparatus in 5 daily sessions, food deprivation, enriched aquarium, exchange of the water of the test aquarium, different proportions of the light and dark compartments, and exposure to an aquarium with half the length of the control one. The data indicated that the repeated exposures increased the number of crossings, indicating that they increased the exploration of the apparatus by reducing the aversive components of the environment. The fish housed in the enriched aquarium displaced more in the test apparatus, showin no significant preference for either the dark or light side, indicating the aversion of the test environment was attenuated by the exposure to the enriched aquarium. 48-H food-deprived animals showed no statistically significant differences between the times spent in either side of the test aquarium, indicating more intense exploration of the test apparatus in search of food. The animals submitted to the procedure of exchanging the water of the test aquarium before testing did not show preference for either side, indicating that the fish probably release chemical signals in the water which inform their conspecifics of the potential aversiveness of environment. As to the proportion of the aquarium, animals exposed to the 75% light 25% dark test aquarium displaced less than the ones exposed to the control aquarium, indicating that a larger light area can lead to an increase in the aversiveness of the aquarium. When the subjects were exposed to the 75% dark 25% light aquarium, the frequency of crossings was greater for the control group and, in this case, the increased locomotion may be associated with an attenuation in the aversiveness of the environment related to the presence of a larger dark area. In the 87.5% light 12.5% dark aquarium, the animals in the experimental group did not present statistically significant differences between the times spent on either the light or dark sides of the apparatus, indicating that a larger light (aversive) area alters the preference for dark environments. The fishes exposed the aquarium with half the length increased their locomotion, indicating that the length of the apparatus interferes with the aversiveness of the light compartment. Overall, the data showed that manipulating environmental stimuli affects exploratory behavior patterns related to light/dark preference, which may be associated with different anxiety-related behaviors.
12

TESTE DE IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE SENTENÇAS COM FIGURAS: ELABORAÇÃO E VALIDAÇÃO

Vellozo, Fernanda Freitas 08 July 2016 (has links)
Objectives: To elaborate, validate and generate reference values of a test for adults (Teste de Identificação de Sentenças com Figuras (TIS-F)) which is an alternative to the auditory ability of figure-background evaluation for verbal sounds in adults, using figures, based on the Pediatric Speech Audiometry Test (PSAT) and for evaluation of unskillful individuals to accomplish other tests with difficulty and greater demands. In addition, to realize gender analysis to the TIS-F, to compare the performance of the subjects in both tests (PSAT and TIS-F) and compare the PSAT results to the existing normality criteria for it. Methods: To prepare the TIS-F, in the creation of the figures phase, the Adobe Illustrator software was used and the images vectorization technique was applied, being chosen images of reference derived from image sites, handled by a professional in the field and conducted the necessary changes in them, creating its own design. In the recording phase, a female announcer, using the program - REAPER - FM Digital Audio Workstation and a sound table model Audioarts D75 Digital Audio Console, held both the competitive message and the sentences in a recording studio in the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, in an acoustic treated room. The microphone used was a model RE27 Electro Voice. Fifty individuals, being 25 female and 25 male, aging between 18 and 33 years old, presenting normal hearing and being right-handed, composed the sample. All the subjects were submitted to an audiological evaluation (Pure-Tone Threshold Audiometry, Logoaudiometry, and Acoustic Immittance Measures) and the auditory processing tests (Dichotic Sentences Identification (DSI) and PSAT) to characterize the sample and the included subjects also performed the TIS-F. Results: The TIS-F was prepared and consisted of a cart of 32 x 45 cm, with 10 figures, each one measuring 12 x 12 cm; one compact disc containing the test calibration tone and seven test tracks, each one containing ten sentences and a competitive message and; a specific protocol of it. It was observed that there was no influence of gender on the performance of subjects for TIS-F and the values obtained as the reference were 100% for all relations signal / noise (S/N). The subjects presented similar performance in both tests (PSAT and TIS-F), except for ipsilateral competitive message (ICM) in the relation S/N -15 dB. The founded values to PSAT in adults are superior to existing normality criteria for the infant population. Conclusion: It was possible to elaborate, validate and generate TIS-F test reference values for an adult population. There was not performance difference between PSAT and TIS-F, except in the ICM -15dB phase. There is statistically significant difference between the established criteria for the PSAT and the results obtained in this study with better results for individuals surveyed in the present study. / Objetivos: Elaborar, validar e gerar valores de referência de um teste para adultos (Teste de Identificação de Sentenças com Figuras (TIS-F) o qual seja uma alternativa para avaliação da habilidade de figura-fundo para som verbal, com figuras, tendo como base o Teste de Logoaudiometria Pediátrica (TLP) e para avaliação de sujeitos inábeis a realizarem outros testes com grau de dificuldade e exigências maiores. Ainda, realizar análise de gênero para o TIS-F, comparar o desempenho dos sujeitos em ambos os testes (TLP e TIS-F) e comparar o TLP com o critério de normalidade existente para o mesmo. Métodos: Para elaboração do TIS-F, na etapa de criação das figuras, utilizou-se o software Adobe Illustrator e realizou-se a técnica de vetorização de imagens, sendo escolhidas imagens de referência oriundas de sites de imagens, manipuladas por um profissional da área, e realizadas as devidas modificações nas mesmas, criando um desenho próprio. A gravação, tanto das sentenças, como da mensagem competitiva, foram realizadas, em estúdio da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, em sala tratada acusticamente, por uma locutora do gênero feminino, utilizando-se o programa REAPER - FM Digital áudio Workstation e uma mesa de som modelo Audioarts D75 Digital Áudio Console. O microfone utilizado foi modelo RE27 Electro Voice. Participaram do estudo 50 indivíduos, sendo 25 do gênero feminino e 25 do gênero masculino, com idades entre 18 e 33 anos, normo- ouvintes com preferência manual direita. Todos os sujeitos foram submetidos à avaliação audiológica (Audiometria Tonal Liminar, Logoaudiometria, Medidas de Imitâncio Acústica) e aos testes de processamento auditivo (Teste de Sentenças Dicóticas DSI- e TLP) para caracterização da amostra, e os sujeitos inclusos também realizaram o TIS-F. Resultados: O TIS-F foi elaborado e constou de: uma cartela de 32 x 45 cm, com dez figuras, cada uma medindo 12 x 12 cm; um compact disc com o tom de calibração do teste e sete faixas teste, cada uma contendo dez sentenças e uma mensagem competitiva; e um protocolo específico do mesmo. Observou-se que não houve influência do gênero no desempenho dos sujeitos para o TIS-F e os valores encontrados como de referência para o mesmo foram de 100% para todas as relações sinal/ ruído (S/R). Os sujeitos apresentaram desempenho semelhante em ambos os testes (TLP e TIS-F), exceto para mensagem competitiva ipsilateral na relação S/R -15 dB. Os valores encontrados para o TLP em adultos são superiores aos critérios de normalidade existentes para a população infantil. Conclusão: Foi possível elaborar, validar e gerar valores de referência para o TIS-F em uma população adulta. Não houve diferença de desempenho entre o TLP e o TIS-F, com exceção da etapa MCI -15 dB. Há diferença estatisticamente significante entre os critérios estabelecidos para o TLP e os obtidos no presente estudo com melhores resultados para os indivíduos aqui pesquisados.
13

The Technical Qualities of the Elicited Imitation Subsection of The Assessment of College English, International (ACE-In)

Xiaorui Li (9025040) 25 June 2020 (has links)
<p>The present study investigated technical qualities of the elicited imitation (EI) items used by the Assessment of College English – International (ACE-In), a locally developed English language proficiency test used in the undergraduate English Academic Purpose Program at Purdue University. EI is a controversial language assessment tool that has been utilized and examined for decades. The simplicity of the test format and the ease of rating place EI in an advantageous position to be widely implemented in language assessment. On the other hand, EI has received a series of critiques, primarily questioning its validity. To offer insights into the quality of the EI subsection of the ACE-In and to provide guidance for continued test development and revision, the present study examined the measurement qualities of the items by analyzing the pre- and post-test performance of 100 examines on EI. The analyses consist of an item analysis that reports item difficulty, item discrimination, and total score reliability; an examination of pre-post changes in performance that reports a matched pairs t-test and item instructional sensitivity; and an analysis of the correlation patterns between EI scores and TOEFL iBT total and subsection scores.</p><p>The results of the item analysis indicated that the current EI task was slightly easy for the intended population, but test items functioned satisfactorily in terms of separating examinees of higher proficiency from those of lower proficiency. The EI task was also found to have high internal consistency across forms. As for the pre-post changes, a significant pair-wise difference was found between the pre- and post-performance after a semester of instruction. However, the results also reported that over half of the items were relatively insensitive to instruction. The last stage of the analysis indicated that while EI scores had a significant positive correlation with TOEFL iBT total scores and speaking subsection scores, EI scores were negatively correlated with TOEFL iBT reading subsection scores. </p><p>Findings of the present study provided evidence in favor of the use of EI as a measure of L2 proficiency, especially as a viable alternative to free-response items. EI is also argued to provide additional information regarding examinees’ real-time language processing ability that standardized language tests are not intended to measure. Although the EI task used by the ACE-In is generally suitable for the targeted population and testing purposes, it can be further improved if test developers increase the number of difficult items and control the contents and the structures of sentence stimuli. </p><p>Examining the technical qualities of test items is fundamental but insufficient to build a validity argument for the test. The present EI test can benefit from test validation studies that exceed item analysis. Future research that focuses on improving item instructional sensitivity is also recommended.</p>
14

Validace plastového výrobku v automobilovém průmyslu / Validation of plastic product in automotive industry

Kubín, Michal January 2018 (has links)
This master thesis deals with the importance of testing of plastic parts in the automotive industry. It defines the basic principles and concepts of project management within product validation, specifies the principles in the corporate environment of ATEK s.r.o. Part of the thesis is the creation of a validation plan and a schedule of labory tests for the selected product from the BMW AG G20 project. The work defines the conditions and the execution of selected tests, eg the climate change test according to the BMW standard PR303.5. The tests are then evaluated. The output from the evaluation is a product optimization proposal.
15

Learning Finite State Machine Specifications from Test Cases / Lernen von Spezifikationen in Form von endlichen Zustandsmaschinen aus Testfällen

Werner, Edith Benedicta Maria 01 June 2010 (has links)
No description available.

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