This diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of the actual situation of the company by SWOT analysis, Porter's five forces analysis and selected indicators of financial analysis. The problems identified by these indicators are further elaborated, compared with competitive company operating in the same branch and used a propsal of improvements. This proposal should contribute to better performance appraising company in the future.

This thesis falls within the field of high resolution Fourier transform spectroscopy of gas phase molecules in the far to near infrared ranges. It is focused on quantitative aspects of gas phase spectroscopy: absolute line intensity measurements. Both stable and unstable molecules, of atmospheric interest, are investigated. With this work, we aim to provide the reference spectroscopic information needed to analyze spectra of planetary atmospheres and improve our understanding of the physical chemistry of these environments.<p><p>We studied two molecules of atmospheric interest: the 13C16O2 isotopologue of carbon dioxide, which is a stable molecule, and the H16O79Br and H16O81Br isotopologues of hypobromous acid<p>which are short-lived unstable molecules.<p><p>The work carried out in the 2 and 1.6 µm regions of 13C16O2 falls in the framework of highly<p>precise remote sensing of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere, needing more and more accurate<p>reference spectroscopic information. We measured 872 absolute line intensities corresponding<p>to 317 different lines in seven vibration-rotation bands of 13C16O2. These measurements, together with measurements performed in the Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique (Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France) led to the improvement of the theoretical description of the spectrum of carbon dioxide, performed in the Laboratory of Theoretical Spectroscopy, (Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Tomsk, Russia). This study is preceeded by a preliminary work on the main isotopologue of carbon dioxide, 12C16O2 in the same spectral regions, aimed to determine the best suited line profile to model the observed line shapes of 13C16O2.<p><p>HOBr exists only in equilibrium with its decomposition products, like Br2O and H2O. Quantitative spectroscopy on such an unstable molecule therefore implied the use of a specific method to determine the concentration of HOBr in the studied gas sample. Simultaneously, Tunable Diode Laser (TDL) infrared spectra of some lines of the nu2 band and a far infrared Fourier transform spectrum of pure rotation lines of HOBr were recorded. The measured intensities of pure rotation lines together with the permanent electric dipole moment of the molecule were used to determine the partial pressure of HOBr, thus allowing absolute intensities of the lines probed by the TDL to be determined. These infrared absolute line intensities were then used to “calibrate” the relative line intensities in the nu2 band, measured in a Fourier transform spectrum recorded separately.<p><p><p>Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de la spectroscopie è haute résolution de molécules en phase gazeuse dans l’infrarouge proche à lointain. Ce travail se concentre sur les aspects quantitatifs de la spectroscopie en phase gazeuse: la mesure d’intensités absolues. Des molécules d’interêt atmosphérique stables et instables ont été étudiées. Le but de ce travail est de fournir des informations spectroscopiques de référence utiles à l’analyse de spectres d’atmosphères planétaires et, ainsi, améliorer notre compréhension de la physico-chimie de ces environnements.<p><p>Nous avons étudié deux molécules d’interêt atmosphérique: l’isotopologue 13C16O2 du dioxyde<p>de carbone, qui est une molécule stable, et les isotopologues H16O79Br et H16O81Br de l’acide hypobromeux qui sont des molécules instables.<p>Le travail effectué sur les régions spectrales à 2 et 1.6 µm de 13C16O2 s’inscrit dans le cadre<p>des mesures à distance à très haute précision du dioxyde de carbone présent dans l’atmosphère terrestre. Nous avons mesuré 872 intensités absolues correspondant à 317 raies d’absorption dans sept bandes de vibration-rotation de 13C16O2. Ces mesures, ainsi que celles réalisées au Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique (Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France) ont abouti à l’amélioration de la description théorique du spectre du dioxyde de carbone, réalisée au Laboratory of Theoretical<p>Spectroscopy (Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Tomsk, Russie). Cette étude est précédée par un<p>travail préliminaire sur l’isotopologue principal du dioxyde de carbone, 12C16O2 dans les mêmes<p>régions spectrales, visant à déterminer le profil de raie le plus adapté pour modéliser les profils<p>observés de 13C16O2.<p><p>HOBr existe uniquement en équilibre avec ses produits de décomposition tels que Br2O and H2O.<p>Effectuer des mesures quantitatives pour ce type de molécule instable implique dès lors l’utilisation d’une technique spécifique afin de déterminer la pression partielle de HOBr. Un spectre infrarouge en Diode Laser Accordable (DLA) de quelques raies de la bande nu2 de HOBr et un spectre infrarouge lointain en transformée de Fourier d’un même échantillon gazeux ont été enregistrés simultanément. Les intensités mesurées de raies de rotation pure combinées au moment dipolaire électrique permanent de la molécule ont été utilisées pour déterminer la pression partielle de HOBr, nous permettant<p>ainsi de déterminer les intensités absolues des raies mesurées à l’aide de la DLA. Ces intensit´es absolues ont ensuite été utilisées pour “calibrer” les intensités relatives des raies de la bande nu2, mesurées dans un spectre à transformée de Fourier enregistré séparément. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

空載光達系統於建置國土測繪基本資料扮演關鍵角色，依國土測繪法，為確保測繪成果品質，應依測量計畫目的及作業精度需求辦理儀器校正。國土測繪中心已於102年度建置航遙測感應器系統校正作業中，提出矩形建物之平屋頂面做為空載光達系統校正之可行性，而其所稱之校正，是以點雲精度評估待校件空載光達系統所得最終成果品質，並不對儀器做任何參數改正，但其校正成果可能因不同人員操作而有差異，因此本研究嘗試建立一套空載光達點雲半自動化精度評估程序，此外探討以山形屋脊線執行點雲精度評估之可行性。 由於光達點雲為離散的三維資訊，不論是以山形屋脊線或矩形建物之平屋頂面作為標物執行點雲精度評估，均須先萃取屋頂面上之點，為避免萃取成果受雜訊影響，本研究引入粗差偵測理論，發展最小一乘法結合李德仁以後驗變方估計原理導出的選擇權迭代法(李德仁法)將非屋頂點視為粗差排除。研究中分別對矩形建物之平屋頂面及山形屋脊線進行模擬及真實資料實驗，其中山形屋脊線作為點雲精度評估之可行性實驗中發現不適合用於評估點雲精度，因此後續實驗僅以萃取矩形建物之平屋頂面點雲過程探討粗差比率對半自動化點雲精度評估程序之影響。模擬實驗成果顯示最小一乘法有助於提升李德仁法偵測粗差數量5%至10%；真實資料實驗，以含有牆面點雲的狀況為例，則有助提升5%的偵測粗差數量。本研究由逐步測試結果提出能夠適用於真實狀況的半自動化之點雲精度評估程序，即使由不同人員操作，仍能獲得一致的成果，顯示本研究半自動化精度評估程序之可信度。 / The airborne LiDAR system plays a crucial role in building land surveying data. Based on the Land Surveying and Mapping Act, to ensure the quality of surveying, instrument calibration is required. The approach proposed by National Land Surveying and Mapping Center (NLSC) in 2013 was confirmed the feasibility for airborne LiDAR system calibration using rectangular horizontal roof plane. The calibration mean to assess the final quality of airborne LiDAR system based on the assessment of the accuracy of the point cloud, and do not adjust the instrument. But the results may vary according to different operators. This study attempts to establish a semi-automatic procedure for the accuracy assessment of point clouds from airborne LiDAR system. In addition, the gable roof ridge lines is discussed for its feasibility for the accuracy assessment of point cloud. No matter that calibration is performed using rectangular horizontal roof plane or gable roof ridge line, point clouds located on roof planes need to be extracted at first. Therefore, Least Absolute Deviation (LAD) combined with the Iteration using Selected Weights (Deren Li method) is developed to exclude the non-roof points which regarded as gross errors and eliminate their influences. The simulated test and actual data test found that gable roof ridge lines are not suitable for accuracy assessment. As for the simulated test using horizontal roof planes, LAD combined with Deren Li method prompts the rate of gross error detection about 5% to 10% than that only by Deren Li method. In actual test, data contains wall points, LAD combined with Deren Li method can prompt about 5%. Meanwhile, a semi-automatic procedure for real operations is proposed by the step-by-step test. Even different operators employ this semi-automatic procedure, consistent results will be obtained and the reliability can achieve.

Aujourd’hui encore, notre vie politique est organisée autour de la relation de commandement à obéissance à laquelle nous oblige la souveraineté politique. Mais ce rapport d’obligation est une forme particulière du pouvoir politique, qui émerge au XVIe siècle à travers la pensée de Bodin, dans une conjoncture historique précise. Comment ce concept, renvoyant à l’obéissance absolue et inconditionnée des « francs sujets » à leur Souverain, a-t-il pu être conservé par les sociétés démocratiques modernes? L’indivisibilité et la transcendance de ce pouvoir peuvent-elles exprimer la souveraineté du peuple? C’est une première métamorphose de ce concept qui est requise pour traduire la forme républicaine instituée suite aux deux révolutions américaine et française du XVIIIe siècle. Se pose alors la question de savoir comment conjuguer la nécessaire obéissance aux pouvoirs publics avec la liberté humaine. L’obligation d’obéir à laquelle nous sommes tenus par l’autorité souveraine n’est-elle pas en effet assimilable à une limitation de cette liberté? Et tout pouvoir ne tend-il pas, par nature, à s’hypertrophier? Comment assurer les citoyens de la préservation de leurs droits subjectifs, tout en veillant à leur coexistence en communauté? L’étude la république fédérale américaine permet d’appréhender l’interaction particulière qui existe entre une certaine représentation des fonctions du pouvoir politique, et une dynamique sociale puissante et entreprenante. En divisant la souveraineté, les Américains en contredisent un des traits posés comme essentiels, provoquant ainsi sa deuxième métamorphose. Jusqu’où peut-on alors aller dans la remise en cause des attributs souverains, sans perdre la relation de pouvoir spécifique qu’elle inaugure / Even today, our political life is built on an interaction between command and submission, to which we are bound by political Sovereignty. But it is a particular form of the political power, that raised in the 16th century with Bodin’s intellectual contribution, from a precise historical juncture. How this concept, referring to the absolute and unconditional submission from the « free subjects » to the Sovereign, also pertains to modern democratic societies? Are the indivisibility and transcendence of this power appropriate to express people’s sovereignty too? Identifying a first metamorphosis of this concept is necessary, while assessing its transcription into the republican form of government set up by the two American and French Revolutions in the 18th century. Then it became relevant to question how to combine the necessary obedience to public powers with human liberty. Isn’t the obligation to submit to which we are compelled by a sovereign autority, a limitation of this liberty? Isn’t it in the nature of every power to turn abnormally large and invasive? How to ensure both the preservation of the subjective rights of the citizens and the citizen’s coexistence in a society? The study of the American Federal Republic allows us to describe the particular interaction between a certain representation of the political power’s fonctions, and an efficient enterprising social dynamic. By dividing the sovereignty, the Americans contradict one of its essential presumed features, initiating its second metamorphosis. To what extend, then, can we challenge the attributes of sovereignty, without losing the specific relation of power that its inception inaugurated

The diploma thesis called Optimization of processes in a distribution company is focused on a firm, fictionally named ABC Ltd which, however, represents a real distribution company, a holding company to be precise, whose parent company is based in the Czech Republic and its subsidiaries are located in Italy, China and Australia. The overall number of staff of the whole concern is sixteen, so it falls into the category of small companies. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the company's processes. The greatest benefit of the thesis is saving the company's expenses based on optimization of the company's processes. In the introduction to the paper all the goals and benefits are stated. The next chapter reveals a brief description of skills that are vital for working on the practical part of the paper and meeting all the goals that have been set at the beginning. The introduction to the practical part deals with introducing the company ABC Ltd. The main topic of this part is the analysis of the present state of the firm's enterprise architecture. One of these architectures, the process one, describes the company's processes which are divided into the main and the supporting ones. In the main processes the potential for improvements is identified. The conclusion brings evaluation of the limits which follow from the revealed potential and suggestions for supporting the limits in the form of project solution.

Composition of financial plan for year 2012 and executing financial analysis of a limited liability company. In composition of financial plan were used three variant -- an optimistic, a realistic and a pesimistic. Used methods of financial analysis were analysis of absolute indicators and financial ratios, including logaritmical decomposition of Return on Equity. Comparing each of those variants with reality valid on May 31, 2012.

The diploma thesis called "Optimization of processes in procurement departmenf of FMCG company" is focused on the optimization of procurement processes in an unnamed FMCG company. The main goals of this work include the analysis of similar solutions in business process optimization and selection of appropriate methods and procedures. Other objectives are to analyze the current state of processes, their support and maturity and potential improvement identification in selected processes. Last goal is a suggestion of project proposals designed to achieve potential improvement identification in the analyzed procurement processes. Contribution of this thesis is to analyze the purchasing process from the perspective of process maturity, its priorities, support and potential for improvement. Modelling of current processes in a unified methodology and tool is another benefit of this work. The work consists of an introductory section that defines the objectives, benefits and working methods. The following is a description of the research work and basic terms, thus ending the theoretical part. The practical part contains the characteristics of the company, a description of existing processes, potential improvement identification and a proposal of support in identified real potentials.

La section efficace d'électroproduction de photons sur le nucléon est proportionnelle aux amplitudes au carré de diffusion Compton profondément virtuelle (DVCS) et du Bethe-Heitler ainsi qu'un terme d'interférence de ces deux processus. Sa mesure sur le neutron fut réalisée dans le cadre de l'expérience E08-025 qui s'est déroulée en 2010 dans le Hall A à Jefferson Lab (USA). Par une forte sensibilité au terme d'interférence, elle aura permis l'extraction de trois observables dépendantes des Distributions Généralisées de Partons (GPDs), ainsi que la perspective de séparer par une méthode Rosenbluth le terme |DVCS|².Les GPDs sont des fonctions de structure qui nous permettent de comprendre la structure interne des nucléons en terme de corrélation entre les distributions en position transverse et en impulsion longitudinale des quarks au sein du nucléon. Plus qu'un moyen d'accéder à une image tri-dimensionnelle de la composition élémentaire du nucléon, la détermination des GPDs du neutron permettrait par la règle de somme de Ji l'accès au moment angulaire des quarks dans le nucléon, la pièce manquante à la compréhension du mystère lié au spin du nucléon.Cette thèse aborde le contexte théorique de la mesure de la section efficace d'électroproduction de photons sur le neutron, puis une description de la configuration expérimentale utilisée pour sa réalisation. Elle expose la sélection des données d'intérêt pour cette mesure et présente les résultats obtenus par une méthode d'ajustement des données à une simulation Monte Carlo dont la démarche est expliquée en détails. Pour finir, une étude systématique des résultats achève ce manuscrit. / The photon electroproduction cross section off the nucleon is proportional to the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) and Bethe-Heitler amplitudes squared together with an interference term between these two processes. Its measurement on the neutron has been performed in the framework of the E08-025 experiment which took place in 2010 in Hall A at Jefferson Lab (USA). Thanks to a high sensibility to the interference term, it made possible the extraction of three Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) dependent observables, as well as the prospect to extract the |DVCS|² term through a Rosenbluth separation.The GPDs are structure functions which allow to understand the internal structure of nucleons in term of the correlation between transverse spatial and longitudinal momentum distributions of quarks inside the nucleon. More than a way to access a three-dimensional picture of the elementary arrangement of the nucleon, the measurement of GPDs on the neutron would give access by the Ji's sum rule to the angular momentum of quarks in the nucleon, the missing piece for the understanding of the nucleon spin puzzle.This thesis outlines the theoretical context of the measurement of the photon electroproduction cross section off the neutron, and the experimental setup used for its achievement. It describes the selection of the experimental data of interest for this measurement and presents the results obtained from a fitting method of data to a Monte Carlo simulation, which is explained in detail. Finally, a systematic study of the results completes this manuscript.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the financial situation of Jemnická Stavba, a. s. and subsequent proposals for the improvement of problem areas. The elaborated financial analysis shows the development of the company in 2012-2016. The theoretical part deals with specific indicators and concepts, which are subsequently used in the practical part of this thesis. The practical part contains an evaluation of the internal and external state of the company Jemnická Stavba, a. s. and the subsequent design of the solution. The aim of my diploma thesis is to elaborate high quality financial analyses showing the reality of the company and to propose appropriate measures for the improvement of the current state.

[pt] Este estudo trata de processos da fragmentação molecular de água no estado gasoso pelo impacto de feixes energéticos de fótons, H+ e Li3+. As seções de choque absolutas de ionização foram obtidas para os feixes de Li3+, H+ e de fótons. As seções de choque do canal de captura eletrônica, obtidas para o feixe de Li3+, foram investigadas visando determinar as diferenças na fragmentação molecular induzidas pelo processo de transfêrencia de carga ao projétil. O intervalo de energia utilizado nas medidas com o feixe de Li3+ foi de 750 a 5800 keV, enquanto para o feixe de prótons foi selecionada a regiao de energia entre 300 até 2000 keV, mantendo uma faixa de velocidades similar. No caso dos fótons, as fragmentações foram medidas no intervalo de energia de 38 a 170 eV. Para a obtenção dos valores de seção de choque de ionização e de captura, foi aplicado um método para a correção do número de eventos simples (íon + neutro) e pares iônicos. A partir desse método foi possível avaliar a influência desta correção nos valores de seção de choque de ionização. A partir dos valores de frações de fragmentação por impacto de prótons foram desenvolvidas curvas teóricas de seção de choque para produção dos pares iônicos H++OH+ e H++O+. Os resultados obtidos de seção de choque de ionização de pares iônicos foram determinados a partir de resultados teóricos de seções de choque de produção dos fragmentos OH+, O+ e H+ disponíveis na literatura. Os resultados foram comparados e concordam com os valores experimentais para impacto de prótons, obtidos neste trabalho, e com dados para impacto de elétrons disponíveis na literatura. / [en] This study aims to contribute for the understanding of the water molecule multiple ionization by impact of photons, protons and Li3+ ions. The technique selected for such research is Time-of-Flight Spectroscopy of the ions produced as a consequence of the molecular dissociation. Absolute and partial ionization cross sections are obtained for impact with each of these three projectiles. For Li3+ beam, absolute and partial capture cross sections are also obtained. The energy range employed was 38-170 eV for photons beams, 300-2000 keV for H+ beams and 750 up to 5800 keV for Li3+ beams. Corrections for ionization cross section determination are usually necessary. Methods for this were developed and applied to the current data. Values for these corrections are presented and discussed. The obtained results are compared with literature data, exhibiting unexpected features. As an example, the production rates of OH+ and H+ fragments by two beams (photons and electrons) having a very different nature are very similar behavior. The data from the water molecule fragmentation by H+ beam enabled the determination of fragmentation factors. The knowledge of these factors made possible to calculate, using a method developed in this work and also theoretical data from literature based on production data of OH+, O+ and H+, new theoretical curves concerning pair production (H+ + OH+ and H+O+).