L'expérience ALICE est l'une des quatre grandes expériences du LHC (Large Hadron Collider). Elle est dédiée à l'étude d'un nouvel état de la matière : le Plasma de Quarks et de Gluons dans lequel les quarks et les gluons ne sont plus confinés au sein des hadrons. Dans ce document sont décrits les enjeux physiques qui ont motivé la réalisation du spectromètre dimuons d'ALICE. Ensuite est abordée la R&D sur le spectromètre dimuons. Les différents absorbeurs sont présentés ainsi que les tests qui ont permis leur dimensionnement. Le trigger dimuons, composé de RPC fonctionnant en mode streamer, est ensuite décrit. Les différents tests sur faisceau et en cosmique qui ont été menés sur les RPC sont présentés. Enfin, le système de trajectographie est décrit en détail et plus particulièrement toute son électronique ainsi que la première station. Les contraintes apportées par la physique sur les performances attendues de l'ensemble de ces systèmes sont clairement définies.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Carlos do Rego.pdf: 690882 bytes, checksum: 388034b87fc2a9b20e9102317b5f417a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-27 / The International Accounting is the effect created by the economic opening, result of the globalization of the markets and has as end help to eliminate the countable obstacles between the countries, being allowed the free circulation of goods and services, where all the actors have equality of conditions, keeping the balance between internal practices accountants according to their particular characteristics and the international practices accountants. The necessity of analysis of the involvements of the International Accounting is increasing, of studies of the difficulties derived from this subject, aiming to consider the possible ways in which must direct the International Accounting. In which is important to consider these appreciations in order to get the adequate tools so that the countable profession does not continue mainly with a static development in the underdeveloped countries. The harmonization of the international norms of accounting with the norms applied in Brazil is a continuous work and of primary responsibility of the CPC- Committee of Countable Uprisings / A Contabilidade Internacional é o efeito criado pela abertura econômica, resultado da globalização dos mercados e tem como fim ajudar a eliminar os obstáculos contábeis entre os países, permitindo a livre circulação de bens e serviços, onde todos os atores tenham igualdade de condições, mantendo o equilíbrio entre as praticas contabilistas internas dadas suas características particulares e as praticas contabilistas internacionais. É crescente a necessidade de análise dos envolvimentos da Contabilidade Internacional, de estudos das dificuldades derivadas deste tema, visando propor os possíveis caminhos aos quais se deve encaminhar a Contabilidade Internacional. Pelo qual é importante considerar estas apreciações a fim de obter as ferramentas adequadas para que a profissão contábil não continue com um desenvolvimento estático principalmente nos países subdesenvolvidos. A harmonização das normas internacionais de contabilidade com as normas aplicadas no Brasil é um trabalho contínuo e de responsabilidade primária do CPC- Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis

Solar thermal collectors at high latitudes have been studied, with emphasis on concentrating collectors. A novel design of concentrating collector, the Maximum Reflector Collector (MaReCo), especially designed for high latitudes, has been investigated optically and thermally. The MaReCo is an asymmetrical compound parabolic concentrator with a bi-facial absorber. The collector can be adapted to various installation conditions, for example stand-alone, roof- or wall mounted. MaReCo prototypes have been built and outdoor-tested. The evaluation showed that all types work as expected and that the highest annually delivered energy output, 340 kWh/m2, is found for the roof MaReCo. A study of the heat-losses from the stand-alone MaReCo lead to the conclusion that teflon transparent insulation should be placed around the absorber, which decreases the U-value by about 30%. A method was developed to theoretically study the projected radiation distribution incident on the MaReCo bi-facial absorber. The study showed that the geometry of the collectors could be improved by slight changes in the acceptance intervals. It also indicated that the MaReCo design concept could be used also at mid-European latitudes if the geometry is changed. A novel method was used to perform outdoor measurements of the distribution of concentrated light on the absorber and then to calculate the annually collected zero-loss energy, Ea,corr, together with the annual optical efficiency factor. A study using this method indicated that the absorber should be mounted along the 20º optical axis instead of along the 65º optical axis, which leads to an increase of about 20% in Ea,corr. The same absorber mounting is suggested from heat loss measurements. The Ea,corr at 20º absorber mounting angle can be increased by 5% if the absorber fin thickness is changed from 0.5 to 1 mm and by 13% if two 71.5 mm wide fins are used instead of one that is 143 mm wide. If the Ea,corr for the standard stand-alone MaReCo with 143 mm wide absorber mounted at 65º is compared to that of a collector with a 71.5 mm wide absorber mounted at 20º, the theoretical increase is 38%.

In recent years, ¡§Boost the economy and cut down the unemployment rate¡¨ has become a common understanding of the people in Taiwan, which is the government¡¦s goal for economic development as well. One of the most effective strategies to boost the economy is to encourage investment. However, the rising concern of environmental protection and the consciousness of living peacefully with the mother natural have become a trend nowadays. Furthermore, not only business but also the government and the neighboring residents have increased their standards for environmental protection. Therefore, the industry has tended to be more prudent to any new development project. What deserves to be mentioned is, no matter how wonderful a proposed project is, without the support of local residents, no project can be executed. Therefore, we should regard the citizen participation and environmental impact assessment (EIA). China Petroleum Corporation (CPC) proposed at the end of 2002, aiming to make the transformation from an oil plant to a hi-tech petrochemical zone on Kaohsiung Oil Refinery, with new petrochemical equipment and nono-technology. Ministry of Economic Affairs has agreed with the proposed transformation with the condition that CPC has to obtain approval from the local residents, representatives and government. According to the analysis of power interaction, this study intends to provide related policy suggestions to the government and CPC with the purpose of economic prosperity. For the evolution of modern society, sustainable development and business continuity will play important roles. Besides adopting opinion poll, Delphi Technique is also applied as the research methodology to carry on experts¡¦ interviews and questionnaires investigation.

Submitted by Aline Martins (1146629@mackenzie.br) on 2016-08-19T19:42:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 FRANCISCO JOSÉ TURRA.pdf: 1187951 bytes, checksum: 2cc371e262f46c2b182edf934a1f9155 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2016-08-24T16:12:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 FRANCISCO JOSÉ TURRA.pdf: 1187951 bytes, checksum: 2cc371e262f46c2b182edf934a1f9155 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-24T16:12:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 FRANCISCO JOSÉ TURRA.pdf: 1187951 bytes, checksum: 2cc371e262f46c2b182edf934a1f9155 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-18 / The objective of this research was to verify the disclosure level of the financial instruments (IRFS 7/CPC 40) of Brazilian public companies during the period of 2014. For that, qualitative and quantitative methods were used, descriptive as to its objectives, and documental - content analysis. The population is composed by the 172 largest non financial companies registered at CVM, which resulted in a sample of 70 companies. The data was obtained at the CVM website and in the Economatica’s data base. A disclosure index based on regulatory CPC 40’s requiriments was used to determine the disclosure levels. To analyse the influence of each characteristic in the level of disclosure, the sample was divided in two groups, the average of disclosure for each group and its pattern deviation were calculated, and tests of averages were applied to verify the certainty of the results. The main results suggest that characteristics relating to the size and ADR influence the level of disclosure of the companies. The characteristics related to regulated industries, indebtedness, performance and profitability are not relevant to the level of disclosure. Considering the obligatority of the standard, it would be expected the full disclosure - disclosure levels of 100% - but in reality it does not occur once the overall average of disclosure is 70.45%. This fact may infer lack of investment in staff competence and operational of most companies - only 3 of the analised companies reached the level of disclosure of 100% - and, on the other hand, complacency of the audit firms to accept this situation without clarifying the explanatory notes. / Esta pesquisa buscou verificar os níveis de evidenciação da IFRS 7/CPC 40 – “Instrumentos Financeiros: Divulgações” por empresas brasileiras. Para tanto, foram avaliadas as demonstrações financeiras padronizadas correspondentes ao período findo em 31 de dezembro de 2014. Este estudo utilizou-se de metodologia qualitativa-quantitativa, do tipo descritivo quanto aos seus objetivos, e documental - análise de conteúdo. A população é composta pelas 172 maiores companhias abertas brasileiras não financeiras, que resultou em uma amostra final de 70 empresas. Os dados foram obtidos por meio das demonstrações financeiras e notas explicativas das companhias disponíveis no site da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM) e no banco de dados da Economática. Utilizou-se um índice de evidenciação, baseado no atendimento aos requisitos normativos do CPC 40, para determinar o nível de evidenciação das empresas. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos para cada característica analisada, calculou-se as médias e desvios padrões de cada grupo, seguido da aplicação de testes de médias para determinar a influência de cada característica em relação ao nível de evidenciação. Os principais resultados sugerem influência das características relativas ao porte e ADR em relação ao nível de evidenciação das empresas. As características relativas aos setores regulamentados, grau de endividamento, desempenho e lucratividade, não mostram ser relevantes para o nível de evidenciação das empresas. Considerando a obrigatoriedade da norma, seria de esperar-se o atendimento integral, ou seja, níveis de divulgação de 100%, o que de fato não ocorre, tendo a média geral de evidenciação ficado em 70,45%. Diante disto, pode-se inferir, por um lado, falta de investimentos em competência pessoal e operacional de grande parte das empresas - apenas 3 das empresas analisadas atingiram o nível de evidenciação de 100% -, e, por outro lado, complacência das empresas de auditoria que aceitam esta situação sem esclarecimento nas notas explicativas.

No description available.

Tanken bakom denna studie har varit att undersöka hur behandlare upplever sitt arbete med familjer där det förekommer våld. Studien syftar till de behandlare som arbetar med metoden KIBB som är en behandlingsmodell framtagen av Melissa Runyon och Esther Deblinger. Syftet med KIBB är att hjälpa föräldrar att sluta använda våld mot sina barn genom att ha förälderns våldsutövande i fokus, belysa konsekvenser och lära föräldrar positiva föräldrastrategier. Som behandlare ger man stöd till barn som upplevt våld genom att bearbeta upplevelserna, hantera känslor och skuldavlasta. Datan till studien samlades in genom sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med KIBB behandlare. Vidare har kognitiv beteendeterapi, systemteori och inlärningsteori använts som teoretiska utgångspunkter. Datan har sedan analyserats utifrån de valda teorierna samt tidigare forskning. En av utgångspunkterna var att ta reda på vad behandlare ser för fördelar och utmaningar med KIBB. Intervjupersonerna redogjorde för många fördelar och många svar liknande varandra. De verkar också vara överens om att det är ett roligt arbete och att en stor fördel är att få göra skillnad för familjer. Under utmaningar i arbetet rådde det mer delade meningar. Intervjupersonerna resonerade kring de olika utmaningar man som behandlare ställs inför i arbetet och svaren var väldigt individuella. En annan aspekt som intervjupersonerna skildrade var vikten av motivationsarbete och relationsarbete med familjen samt samarbetet med den andra behandlaren. / This paper examines how professional therapists experience their work with families where violence occurs. The study aims to examine therapists' experience in working with CPC-CBT, which is a treatment model developed by Melissa Runyon and Esther Deblinger. The main  purpose of the treatment model is to help parents stop using violence against their children by focusing on the parent's use of violence, as well as highlighting consequences and teaching parents positive parenting strategies. Therapists using the CPC-CBT method provide support to children who have experienced violence by processing their experiences, managing emotions and relieving guilt. The data were collected through six semi-structured interviews with CPC-CBT therapists. Furthermore, cognitive behavioral therapy, systems theory and learning theory have been used as theoretical starting points. Later on, the data was analyzed based on the selected theories and previous research. One of the purposes was to clarify therapists' view on benefits and challenges in their work with CPC-CBT. The interviewees described several benefits and many answers were similar to each other, they also seem to agree that it is a fun job and that a big advantage is to be able to make a difference for families. During the challenges of the work, there were more divided opinions. The interviewees reasoned about the different challenges therapists face in their work and the results occurred very individual. Another aspect the interviewees described was the importance of motivational work and relationship work with families and collaboration with other therapists.

No description available.

The annual gain of stationary solar thermal collectors can be increased by non-focusing reflectors. Such concentrators make use of diffuse irradiance. A collector’s incidence angle modifier for diffuse (diffuse-IAM) accounts for this utilization. The diffuse irra-diance varies over the collector hemisphere, which dynamically influences the diffuse-IAM. This is not considered by state-of-the-art collector models. They simply calculate with one constant IAM value for isotropic diffuse irradiance from sky and ground. This work is based on the development of a stationary, double-covered process heat flat-plate collector with a one-sided, segmented booster reflector (RefleC). This reflector approximates one branch of a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC). Optical meas-urement results of the collector components as well as raytracing results of different variants are given. The thermal and optical characterization of test samples up to 190 °C in an outdoor laboratory as well as the validation of the raytracing are discussed. A collector simulation model with varying diffuse-IAM is described. Therein, ground reflected and sky diffuse irradiance are treated separately. Sky diffuse is weighted with an anisotropic IAM, which is re-calculated in every time step. This is realized by gener-ating an anisotropic sky radiance distribution with the model of Brunger and Hooper, and by weighting the irradiance from distinct sky elements with their raytraced beam-IAM values. According to the simulations, the RefleC booster increases the annual out-put of the double-covered flat-plate in Würzburg, Germany, by 87 % at a constant inlet temperature of 120 °C and by 20 % at 40 °C. Variations of the sky diffuse-IAM of up to 25 % during one day are found. A constant, isotropic diffuse-IAM would have under-valued the gains from the booster by 40 % at 40 °C and by 20 % at 120 °C. The results indicate that the gain of all non-focusing solar collectors is undervalued when constant, isotropic diffuse-IAMs calculated from raytracing or steady-state test data are used. Process heat generation with RefleC is demonstrated in a monitored pilot plant at work-ing temperatures of up to 130 °C. The measured annual system utilization ratio is 35 %. Comparing the gains at all inlet temperatures above 80 °C, the booster increases the an-nual output of the double-covered flat-plates by 78 %. Taking all inlet temperatures, the total annual gains of RefleC are 39 % above that of the flat-plates without reflectors. A qualitative comparison of the new simulation model results to the laboratory results and monitoring data shows good agreement. It is shown that the accuracy of existing collector models can be increased with low effort by calculating separate isotropic IAMs for diffuse sky and ground reflected irradiance. The highest relevance of this work is seen for stationary collectors with very distinctive radiation acceptance.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Ramos.pdf: 1460017 bytes, checksum: ba0722d39d125b403671868fa24bae0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-16 / The current study aims at analyzing the institute of provisional injuction of evidence, in the way it is set and ruled in the new Brazilian Civil Procedure Code (CPC), covering concepts, hypotheses of its incidence and legal discipline. The provisional injunction of evidence is a technique that aims to the isonomic redistribution of time in the process, giving enforceability, regardless of urgency, to the main or side effects of the final injuction, prior to the beginning of its natural effectiveness. In the course of this research, will be approached the fundamental procedural institutes related to the topic, the general aspects of the provisional injunction, the constitutional basis of the measures and its functional profile, analyzing the burden of time in the process and the possibility of redistribution through the anticipation technique. Shall be searched the concept of evidence and injuction of evidence, and be examined the four hypotheses set out in article 311 of the new CPC, as well as those set out in special procedures. Finally, the various aspects related to their discipline will be analyzed, beginning by those who apply the guidelines relating to the provisional injunction of urgency and ending with those in which the discipline is in some modified because of the absence of urgency. From the analysis of these aspects, it aims to draw up a general framework concerning provisional injuction of evidence, positioning it opposite to other theoretical categories of civil procedural and outlining the practical aspects of its application / O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar o instituto da tutela provisória de evidência, na forma como está previsto e disciplinado no novo Código de Processo Civil brasileiro (CPC), abrangendo conceituação, hipóteses de cabimento e regime jurídico. A tutela antecipada de evidência é técnica que visa a redistribuição isonômica do tempo no processo, conferindo executividade, independentemente do requisito da urgência, aos efeitos principais ou secundários da tutela final, em momento anterior ao do início de sua eficácia natural. No decorrer do trabalho, serão abordados os institutos processuais fundamentais relacionados ao tema, os aspectos gerais da tutela antecipada, o fundamento constitucional da medida e seu perfil funcional, analisando-se o ônus do tempo no processo e a possibilidade de sua redistribuição, por meio da técnica da antecipação. Buscar-se-á a fixação do conceito de evidência e de tutela de evidência e se examinarão as quatro hipóteses de cabimento previstas no art. 311 do novo CPC, bem como as estabelecidas nos procedimentos especiais. Por fim, serão analisados os diversos aspectos relacionados à sua disciplina, iniciando-se por aqueles em que aplicáveis as regras gerais relacionadas à antecipação de tutela e encerrando-se com aqueles em que a disciplina é, de alguma forma, modificada em razão da ausência de urgência. A partir da análise dos aspectos referidos, pretende-se a elaboração de um quadro-geral a respeito da tutela provisória de evidência, posicionando-a em face das demais categorias teóricas do processo civil e delineando-se os aspectos práticos principais