Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-27T21:45:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 13d.pdf: 1162077 bytes, checksum: 608d6cf61021e693ab5f04d08af841a6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-27T21:45:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 13d.pdf: 1162077 bytes, checksum: 608d6cf61021e693ab5f04d08af841a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-18 / Nenhuma / Esta dissertação busca relacionar o conceito de multidão de Antonio Negri e Michael Hardt e o indymedia center – rede global de coletivos de mídia independente – para a criação de conceito, o de jornalismo de multidão. O conceito proposto se refere à resistência principalmente às mídias hegemônicas. O indymedia é feito pela multidão, os grupos de resistência dos pobres e os movimentos por outra globalização, e ele faz multidão, por tentar criar território a-centrado. Pensado assim, o indymedia é mapa aberto a inúmeras singularidades, o que nos remete ao nosso problema: quais são os elementos do mapa da resistência permitido pelo indymedia? A dissertação faz duplo movimento: pesquisa teórica de autores da crítica, como Antonio Negri, Michael Hardt, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari e Giuseppe Cocco; e pesquisa de documentos da rede indymedia. As relações entre esses dois movimentos permitem com que o jornalismo de multidão seja continuidade dessas teorias no campo das mídias. / The purpose of this dissertation is to link Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt's concept of crowd to indymedia center - a global network of independent media - to create a new concept: the concept of “crowd journalism”. The suggested concept refers especially to the resistance to the hegemonic media. Indymedia is made by the crowd, by resistance groups of the poor and by movements for a different globalization and it makes crowd, by trying to create a non-centered territory. Thus, Indymedia is an open map of countless uniquenesses, what directs us to our problem: what elements of the resistence map are enabled by Indymedia? The dissertation passes by two topics - theoretical research in authors of the criticism, like Antonio Negri, Michael Hardt, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari and Giuseppe Cocco; and research of documents of Indymedia network. The links between theses topics allow “crowd journalism” to be the continuity of these theories in media fields.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-11-24T12:43:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cinara Brito de Oliveira.pdf: 1056448 bytes, checksum: 6940153963dc52cc36aa61c353e25b17 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-24T12:43:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cinara Brito de Oliveira.pdf: 1056448 bytes, checksum: 6940153963dc52cc36aa61c353e25b17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The crowd phenomenon has configured himself as the first object of study in social psychology, seen by pioneers as irrational, massifying and disturbing the social order, a concept that influenced a generation of researchers who began to play it and thus to justify repressive actions against them. As society was changing, due to the changes in the means of production, forms of collective action have also been altering and consequently emerging new theories explaining this reality, covering different areas of the humanities. Since 2011, a new form of mobilization of protests has been going around the world, largely by action of social networks. In Brazil, this phenomenon became visible in 2013, when a sequence of acts against the tariff increase in São Paulo won the majority of population (mostly young) support, forcing the media to change the way portrayed the protests going vandals of the peaceful protesters, featuring violent action as restricted to small groups deserving of police repression. The media has not just supported, but collaborate with the convocation of the protesters. The movement spread throughout the country gaining diffuse agendas and revealing a class struggle. Between the balance shown not only the withdrawal of the fare increase in several cities, but also changes in government agenda and the right of conscience to protest, unfolding in different movements representing different interests, culminating in the formation of two large groups, defense and against the impeachment of the country's president. Several analysts have retaking the idea of crowd as a politicians subject to explain these movements, in Brazil, the debate in psychology focuses on equivalence between social movements and crowd, with reference to the pioneers of this reflection: Freud and Le Bon, and Furthermore, the contemporary thinkers Negri and Hardt, who are inspired by Spinoza. To collaborate with this debate, this research seeks to understand the motives and emotions that led to participation people with different ideological affiliations in the demonstrations of June 2013 and / or its consequences. The theoretical and methodological assumptions underlying this research are in Vygotsky's Psychology in the design of Marx's society and in Spinoza's political ontology, putting his philosophical ideas of common and multitudo at the center of reflection. The results of this study point to the positivity of the crowd and relevance of this concept, in Spinoza's perspective. The experience of the movements generated in the subjects of this research pleasure, increased critical awareness, even in diffuse directions, feeling the importance of the collective, the increasing political power of each, and according to its uniqueness. Everyone feels that the collective is an important instrument of transformation. Anyway bounce off the design of the crowd as irrational, massificadora and disturbing social order and I common sense is key, thus indicating a field of research and action to Social Psychology / O fenômeno multidão configurou-se como um dos primeiros objetos de estudo da psicologia social, vista pelos pioneiros como irracional, massificadora e perturbadora da ordem social, concepção que influenciou uma geração de pesquisadores que passou a reproduzi-la e, assim, a justificar ações repressoras contra elas. À medida que a sociedade foi se transformando, em decorrência das modificações nos meios de produção, as formas de ação coletiva também foram se alterando e, consequentemente, emergindo novas teorias explicativas dessa realidade, abrangendo diferentes áreas das ciências humanas. Desde 2011, uma nova forma de mobilização de protestos vem acontecendo pelo mundo, em grande parte por ação das redes sociais. No Brasil, esse fenômeno ganhou visibilidade em 2013, quando uma sequência de atos contra o aumento da tarifa em São Paulo ganhou o apoio de grande parte da população (a maioria jovem), forçando a mídia a mudar a maneira como retratava os protestos, passando de vândalos a manifestantes pacíficos, caracterizando a ação violenta como restrita a pequenos grupos merecedores da repressão policial. A mídia passou a não só apoiar, mas a colaborar com a convocação dos manifestantes. O movimento se espalhou pelo país ganhando pautas difusas e revelando uma luta de classes. Entre o saldo consta não só a revogação do aumento da tarifa em diversas cidades, mas também mudanças na agenda governamental e a consciência do direito a protestar, desdobrando-se em diferentes movimentos representando interesses distintos, culminando com a formação de dois grandes grupos, em defesa e contra o impeachment da presidenta do país. Diversos analistas vêm retomando a ideia de multidão como um sujeito políticos para explicar esses movimentos, no Brasil, o debate na Psicologia centra-se na equivalência entre movimentos sociais e multidão, usando como referência os pioneiros dessa reflexão: Freud e Le Bon, e de outro lado, os pensadores contemporâneos Negri e Hardt, que se inspiram em Espinosa. Para colaborar com esse debate, a presente pesquisa busca entender os motivos e afetos que levaram à participação pessoas com diferentes afiliações ideológicas nas Manifestações de Junho de 2013 e/ou nos seus desdobramentos. Os pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos que sustentam essa pesquisa encontram-se na Psicologia de Vigotski, na concepção de sociedade de Marx e na ontologia política de Espinosa, colocando as suas ideias filosóficas de comum e multitudo no centro dessa reflexão. Os resultados desse trabalho apontam para a positividade da multidão e pertinência desse conceito, na perspectiva espinosana. A vivência dos movimentos gerou nos sujeitos dessa pesquisa prazer, aumentou a consciência crítica, mesmo que em direções difusas, o sentimento da importância do coletivo, o aumento da potência política de cada, e segundo sua singularidade. Todos sentem que o coletivo é importante instrumento de transformação. Enfim, rebatem a concepção de multidão como irracional, massificadora e perturbadora da ordem social e eu o sentimento do comum é fundamental, indicando assim, um campo de pesquisas e de ação à Psicologia Social

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Milton Ruiz Rodrigues Alves.pdf: 634979 bytes, checksum: b0b282c22181c3d7e866957e3ff9e8fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-14 / In the current time of information, we live in times that the expectations of thinkers as Lévy (1998) have become a reality. The profile of the consumer has changed as he connected with other consumers and begun to demand that there is a dialogue between the company and society. This new scenario required that technology was further developed and that the process of communication was made faster by means of online platforms that make the exchange of information viable and encourages it. The crowdsourcing arose with the availability of the crowd s intellectual capital that has changed the way companies interact and organize themselves as they come to realize the strategic importance of this information. In order to fully understand this new scenario, we have created three hypothesis that have served as guide for this paper, which are: H1 Crowdsourcing affects products performance; H2 negative reviews from crowd voting provide the same effects that positive reviews; and H3- Crowd voting provides information about consumer`s perception of the product being offered. Therefore, this paper aims to understand if the crowdsourcing affects product s performance of the companies that use crowdsourcing by analyzing the theoretical basis of crowdsourcing and also by reviewing a data-base with reviews made by consumers during a four year period. In addition, this work also aims at raising questions for new researches that may develop further the understanding of the effects of the crowdsourcing. Based on the review of the correlations between the variables obtained in Amazon s data base and the analysis of the feelings used in the word clouds based on the reviews offered by the consumers, this work suggests that the crowdsourcing does affect the product s performance / Vivemos num momento em que as expectativas de pensadores como Lévy (1998), se concretizaram. O consumidor mudou, passou a exigir um diálogo entre a empresa e a sociedade. Esse novo cenário cobrou da tecnologia formas de aperfeiçoar e agilizar este processo de comunicação, plataformas baseadas na internet que propiciem e incentivam a troca de informações. Nesta esfera surgiu o crowdsourcing, com a disponibilização do capital intelectual das massas, que acabou por mudar a forma de interagir e se organizar das empresas que cada vez mais percebe a importância estratégica destas informações. Para compreender este novo cenário, elaborou-se três hipóteses que serviram de guia para a dissertação, sendo estas: H1 Crowdsourcing afeta a performance de produtos; H2 Comentários negativos originados pelo crowd voting apresentam os mesmos efeitos que os comentários positivos e H3- Crowd voting fornece dados sobre o que está sendo percebido pelo mercado consumidor frente ao produto anunciado. Objetivando assim compreender a partir da fundamentação teórica do crowdsourcing e a análise de um banco de dados com dados de avaliações realizadas por usuários ao longo de quatro anos se o crowdsourcing causa impactos na performance dos produtos ofertados por empresas que o pratiquem, e desta forma abrir caminhos para novas pesquisas, onde possa-se sugerir caminhos para o aprofundamento do conhecimento teórico e prático desta arte. A partir disto, mediante o estudo das correlações entre as variáveis obtidas pelo banco de dados da Amazon e a análise de sentimentos utilizada na formulação de nuvens de palavras feitas com os comentários fornecidos pelos usuários sobre os produtos, o estudo sugere que o crowdsourcing exerce sim impactos na performance de produtos das empresas

Detta arbete undersöker hur soniska vågor kan användas som vapen. Särskild vikt läggs vid att förstå hur ljudet avtäcktes från att vara en osynlig och hämningslös energi till att bli en fysiskt producerande våldsam kraft under den megafoniska eran och efter. Uppsatsen argumenterar för att soniska vapen måste föregås av avancerad teknologisk utveckling samt ett intresse för att föra ett annat typ av krig, utan dödsfall och skjutvapen. Flera exempel ges som visar att ljudvapen också ofta används för att kontrollera en population. Sonisk krigsföring fastställs till att innefatta användandet av psykologisk, våldsam och fysisk akustisk kraft för att alternera eller påverka psykiska och fysiska aspekter hos en population, kropp eller folkmassa.

As formigas são criaturas fascinantes que, além dos avanços na biologia também inspiraram pesquisas sobre teoria da informação. Em particular, o estudo resultou na criação da Teoria da Forragem de Informação, que descreve como os agentes de buscam informações em seu ambiente. Esta teoria também explica fenômenos recentes e bem-sucedidos, como crowd sourcing. Crowdsourcing tem sido aplicado a muitas atividades em engenharia de software, incluindo desenvolvimento, tradução e testes, mas uma atividade parece resistir: depuração. No entanto, os desenvolvedores sabem que a depuração pode exigir dedicação, esforço, longas horas de trabalho, por vezes, para mudar uma linha de código único. Nós introduzimos o conceito de Depuração em Enxame, para trazer crowd sourcing para a atividade de depuração. Através de crowd sourcing, pretendemos ajudar os desenvolvedores, capitalizando a sua dedicação, esforço e longas horas de trabalho para facilitar atividades de depuração. Mostramos que a depuração enxame requer uma abordagem específica para recolher informações relevantes, e descrevemos sua infra-estrutura. Mostramos também que a depuração em enxame pode reduzir o esforço desenvolvedores. Concluímos com as vantagens e limitações atuais de depuração enxame, e sugerir caminhos para superar estas limitações e ainda mais a adoção de crowd sourcing para atividades de depuração. / Ants are fascinating creatures that beyond the advances in biology have also inspired research on information theory. In particular, their study resulted in the creation of the Information Foraging Theory, which describes how agents forages for information in their environment. This theory also explains recent and fruitful phenomena, such as crowdsourcing. Many activities in software engineering have applied crowdsourcing, including development, translation, and testing, but one action seems to resist: debugging. Developers know that debugging can require dedication, effort, long hours of work, sometimes for changing one line of code only. We introduce the concept of Swarm Debugging, to bring crowdsourcing to the activity of debugging. Through crowdsourcing, we aim at helping developers by capitalizing on their dedication, effort, and long hours of work to ease debugging activities of their peers or theirs, on other bugs. We show that swarm debugging requires a particular approach to collect relevant information, and we describe the Swarm Debugging Infrastructure. We also show that swarm debugging minimizes developers effort. We conclude with the advantages and current limitations of swarm debugging and suggest directions to overcome these limitations and further the adoption of crowdsourcing for debugging activities.

nÃo hà / Most recent crowd simulation algorithms equip agents with a synthetic vision component for steering. They offer promising perspectives by more realistically imitating the way humans navigate according to what they perceive of their environment. In this thesis, it is proposed a new perception/motion loop to steer agents along collision free trajectories that significantly improves the quality of vision-based crowd simulators. In contrast with previous solutions - which make agents avoid collisions in a purely reactive way - it is suggested exploring the full range of possible adaptations and to retain the locally optimal one. To this end, it is introduced a cost function, based on perceptual variables, which estimates an agentâs situation considering both the risks of future collision and a desired destination. It is then computed the partial derivatives of that function with respect to all possible motion adaptations. The agent adapts its motion to follow the steepest gradient. This thesis has thus two main contributions: the definition of a general purpose control scheme for steering synthetic vision-based agents; and the proposition of cost functions for evaluating the dangerousness of the current situation. Improvements are demonstrated in several cases. / Alguns dos algoritmos mais recentes para simulaÃÃo de multidÃo equipam agentes com um sistema visual sintÃtico para auxiliÃ-los em sua locomoÃÃo. Eles oferecem perspectivas promissoras ao imitarem de forma mais realista a forma como os humanos navegam de acordo com o que eles percebem do seu ambiente. Nesta tese, à proposto um novo laÃo de percepÃÃo/aÃÃo para dirigir agentes ao longo de trajetÃrias livres de colisÃes que melhoram significativamente a qualidade dos simuladores de multidÃo baseados em visÃo. Em contraste com abordagens anteriores - que fazem agentes evitarem colisÃes de maneira puramente reativa - à sugerida a exploraÃÃo de toda gama de adaptaÃÃes possÃveis e a retenÃÃo da que for Ãtima localmente. Para isto, à introduzida uma funÃÃo de custo, baseada em variÃveis de percepÃÃo, que estima a situaÃÃo atual do agente considerando tanto os riscos de futuras colisÃes como o destino desejado. SÃo entÃo computadas as derivadas parciais dessa funÃÃo com respeito a todas adaptaÃÃes de movimento possÃveis. O agente adapta seu movimento de forma a seguir o gradiente descendente. Esta tese possui assim duas principais contribuiÃÃes: a definiÃÃo de um esquema de controle de propÃsito geral para a orientaÃÃo de agentes baseados em visÃo sintÃtica; e a proposiÃÃo de funÃÃes de custo para avaliar o perigo da situaÃÃo atual. As melhorias obtidas com o modelo sÃo demonstradas em diversos casos.

Loin de n’être réduit qu’à un simple système économique, le néolibéralisme est un authentique mode de gouvernement des hommes, et cela selon le seul principe du marché et de son mécanisme universel de la concurrence. Sa doctrine commande l’exercice global du pouvoir politique actuel. Notre début de XXIe siècle est aux prises avec les incidences à long terme de la mise à l’honneur des discours scientifique et capitaliste. À l’heure actuelle, nul n’est censé ignorer la loi du Marché. En diffusant et en imposant la rationalité marchande et entrepreneuriale dans les moindres domaines de l’existence humaine – santé, éducation, justice, monde universitaire, etc. –, le déploiement de l’économie de marché ne se limite plus à des sphères purement commerciales. D’une manière générale, la plus-value guide désormais toutes les économies humaines. La forme « entreprise » et la privatisation deviennent les nouveaux modèles sur lesquels se façonnent les normes de vie et d’existence, de société, mais aussi la norme subjective. L’asservissement politique aux forces du marché marque ainsi l’ensemble du champ social, du pouvoir étatique, aux institutions publiques, et jusqu’à l’individu même. Ce travail de recherche vise à démontrer que la diffusion extensive du discours néolibéral a des incidences sur le lien social et sur la subjectivité. En effet, le sujet divisé du langage s’inscrit toujours dans les discours qui l’environnent, avec un rapport renouvelé à son idéal, à sa jouissance, et à l’Autre. Nous montrerons, par l’examen critique et clinique de ces phénomènes structurants, comment ce sujet voit l’économie de ses valeurs et de son désir conditionnée par la nouvelle norme générale de la vie occidentale qui promet l’objet de jouissance parfait, dans un monde nouveau, plus libre, néo-libéral / Far from being merely a simple economic system, neoliberalism is a genuine mode of government of man, based on the sole and only principle of market guidance with its universal mechanism of competition. Its doctrine commands upon the global exercise of contemporary political power.Our societies are struggling with the long-term impact of the rise to power of the scientific and capitalist discourses. Nowadays, ignoring the laws of the Market is no excuse. Having spread and forced merchant and entrepreneurial rationality into the most remote fields of human existence – health, education, justice, university and others – the deployment of market economy is not limited to purely commercial areas anymore. Quite generally, all of mankind’s economies are now driven by the logic of gain. The enterprise as a form, along with privatisation, have become the new models upon which new norms of living and of existence, all the way down to the subjective norm, are being modeled. Political subservience to the forces of market thus leaves a mark on the whole social field : on State power, on public institutions, and on the individual themselves.The main aim of this research is to demonstrate that the extensive dissemination of the neoliberal discourse is having an impact on social ties and on subjectivity. Indeed, the divided subject of language is still inscribed in their surrounding discourses, with a renewed relation to their ideal, to their enjoyment, and to the Other. Through critical and clinical examination of these structuring processes, we will show how the economy of their values and of their desire is conditioned by the new, general norm of Western life, which promises a perfect object of enjoyment in a new, freer, neoliberal world

<p>By using existing knowledge from the game community, which have had a long experience from game artificial intelligence, and new research</p><p>from the field of artificial intelligence I have implemented REACT, a crowd simulation system for visual effects. REACT is based on high-level behaviour that uses an underlying layer of low-level behaviour. The high-level capabilities gives the digital character means to reasoning about how to achieve certain goals based on a knowledge base of rules and facts that are present in the virtual world. This gives the digital character a degree of autonomous intelligent behaviour.</p><p>REACT is designed to integrate directly into the 3D animation package Maya as a plug-in. This means that the animators can continue to animate their characters via their animation package of choice, rather than having to learn a new technology. In addition, many animators are already familiar with the workflow of Maya, so learning curves are reduced.</p><p>REACT is already in use in the visual effects industry where it has proven itself to be a worthy competitor to the existing systems on the market.</p>

Automated analysis of a crowd behavior using surveillance videos is an important issue for public security, as it allows detection of dangerous crowds and where they are headed. Computer vision based crowd analysis algorithms can be divided into three groups / people counting, people tracking and crowd behavior analysis. In this thesis, the behavior understanding will be used for crowd behavior analysis. In the literature, there are two types of approaches for behavior understanding problem: analyzing behaviors of individuals in a crowd (object based) and using this knowledge to make deductions regarding the crowd behavior and analyzing the crowd as a whole (holistic based). In this work, a holistic approach is used to develop a real-time abnormality detection in crowds using scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) based features and unsupervised machine learning techniques.

This dissertation extends the literature on the crowd-out theory to international nonprofits based in the United States. The dissertation measures the simultaneous impact of government grants on private contributions and fundraising activities of INGOs. Understanding the relationship of the major players (government, donors and nonprofit managers) in revenue collection of INGOs is important in understanding international charity and its implications. Six major sub-categories of international organizations have been identified for this research. These are based on a review of the literature on international organizations and those already coded as international according to the National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities (NTEE). An overview of the INGO sub-categories, their description and coding can be seen in table A5 in appendix A. The major sub-categories include (1) International, Foreign Affairs and National Security (ifans), (2) Promotion of International Understanding (piu), (3) International Development (id), (4) International Peace and Security (ips), (5) International Human Rights (ihr), and (6) International, Foreign Affairs and National Security N.E.C. (ifansNEC). We will employ a panel dataset of INGOs between the years 1998 and 2003 to test for crowding-out effect of government grants on private contributions and fundraising activities. We have a total of 2,169 INGOs in our data set and a total of 6,239 observations.