O império português, formado por conquistas espalhadas pelas mais diversas regiões do globo terrestre, teve o pluralismo administrativo, a promoção de ajustes e a capacidade inventiva como soluções de governabilidade e importantes sustentáculos da dominação. Estendendo-se por terras além-mares, dependeu de mecanismos de mando capazes de conviver com os poderes locais e com as dificuldades impostas pela distância e por diferentes conjunturas. O período entre a Restauração de Portugal, em 1640, e a Abertura dos Portos do Brasil para as nações estrangeiras, em 1808, caracterizou-se por longo movimento de planos e práticas para promover e melhorar a exploração econômica lusitana no ultramar. O trabalho ora apresentado tem o Atlântico como espaço destacado e visa estudar as ações propostas e efetivadas pela Coroa portuguesa para manter, reordenar e ampliar o seu império, consolidadas na lógica de um sistema mercantil imperial; composto pelo centro e pelas distintas partes à volta dele, visando garantir o comércio ultramarino e os subsequentes ganhos da e na metrópole, e cuja gestão teve como principal característica a adaptabilidade. / The Portuguese Empire, formed by conquests spread over most regions of the globe, had the administrative pluralism, promotion of adjustments and inventiveness as solutions to governance and important pivot of domination. Extending for lands beyond the seas, it depended on mechanisms of command able to deal with local authorities and with the difficulties imposed by distance and different conjunctures. The period between Portugals Restoration in 1640, and the opening of Brazilian Ports to foreign friendly nations, in 1808, was characterized by intense planning movement and practices to promote and improve the economic Lusitanian exploitation overseas. This work has the Atlantic as main scenario and aims to study the actions proposed and effected by the Portuguese Crown to maintain, rearrange and expand the Empire, consolidated in the logic of an imperial mercantile system, composed of the center and the many different parts around it, aiming to ensure the overseas trade and subsequent gains for the metropolis and also inside it, and whose management had as main characteristic adaptability.

O império português, formado por conquistas espalhadas pelas mais diversas regiões do globo terrestre, teve o pluralismo administrativo, a promoção de ajustes e a capacidade inventiva como soluções de governabilidade e importantes sustentáculos da dominação. Estendendo-se por terras além-mares, dependeu de mecanismos de mando capazes de conviver com os poderes locais e com as dificuldades impostas pela distância e por diferentes conjunturas. O período entre a Restauração de Portugal, em 1640, e a Abertura dos Portos do Brasil para as nações estrangeiras, em 1808, caracterizou-se por longo movimento de planos e práticas para promover e melhorar a exploração econômica lusitana no ultramar. O trabalho ora apresentado tem o Atlântico como espaço destacado e visa estudar as ações propostas e efetivadas pela Coroa portuguesa para manter, reordenar e ampliar o seu império, consolidadas na lógica de um sistema mercantil imperial; composto pelo centro e pelas distintas partes à volta dele, visando garantir o comércio ultramarino e os subsequentes ganhos da e na metrópole, e cuja gestão teve como principal característica a adaptabilidade. / The Portuguese Empire, formed by conquests spread over most regions of the globe, had the administrative pluralism, promotion of adjustments and inventiveness as solutions to governance and important pivot of domination. Extending for lands beyond the seas, it depended on mechanisms of command able to deal with local authorities and with the difficulties imposed by distance and different conjunctures. The period between Portugals Restoration in 1640, and the opening of Brazilian Ports to foreign friendly nations, in 1808, was characterized by intense planning movement and practices to promote and improve the economic Lusitanian exploitation overseas. This work has the Atlantic as main scenario and aims to study the actions proposed and effected by the Portuguese Crown to maintain, rearrange and expand the Empire, consolidated in the logic of an imperial mercantile system, composed of the center and the many different parts around it, aiming to ensure the overseas trade and subsequent gains for the metropolis and also inside it, and whose management had as main characteristic adaptability.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-15T13:31:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ABSTRACT As Naus.pdf: 12762 bytes, checksum: 9d0d314406661047e9e4e1ed7b2f0e9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-01 / In the period of Navigations, Portugal has amplified its Empire, spread its culture and conquered new adepts to its religion. It obtained many colonies, profitable for years. These events had been diffused by History and reinforced by national literature, fact that created a mythic and symbolic atmosphere. Lu?s de Cam?es and Os Lus?adas contributed significantly to the solidification and maintenance of the self-affirmative discourse of the lusitan being, which nowadays is still linked to the past. In this way, we believe that the lusiada nation has never looked its p?s de barro over. The uncountable changes along the time have not been sufficient to wake the Portuguese people of the glorious dream, but in its own literature there are critic voices attempt and in consonance with post-modernity. Among them we found Ant?nio Lobo Antunes, who, through his parody As Naus, makes a critical rereading of the Portugal past, directing a new look over the same. In As Naus, the Portuguese History is disconstructed as well as its representatives: the heroes and Lisbon, capital of the empire. In this novel, the places are decadent, ruined and having an unpleasant smell, as people are in decomposition or suffering mental pathologies; metaphor of the society in its own sickness. So, Lu?s de Cam?es, Pedro ?lvares Cabral, Manuel de Sousa de Sep?lveda, Francisco Xavier, Diogo C?o, Garcia da Orta, Fern?o Mendes Pinto, Vasco da Gama, King D. Manuel, among other historical characters, seam dissacred by carnivalization, manifested in the referred work by smile, irony, grotesque and madness; elements used by Lobo Antunes to strengthen and improve the attempt to change the lusitan mentality. / Portugal conseguiu, no per?odo das Navega??es, ampliar o seu Imp?rio, difundir a sua cultura e conquistar novos adeptos para a sua religi?o. Obteve v?rias col?nias e durante anos lucrou com as mesmas. Esses acontecimentos foram sendo propagados ao longo da hist?ria e refor?ados pela literatura nacional, fato que resultou no surgimento de uma atmosfera m?tica e simb?lica em torno deles. Lu?s de Cam?es e Os Lus?adas contribu?ram significativamente para a solidifica??o e manuten??o do discurso auto-afirmativo do ser lusitano, que ainda hoje se encontra interligado ao passado. Dessa forma, acreditamos que a na??o lus?ada nunca olhou atentamente para os seus p?s de barro . As in?meras mudan?as, ao longo do tempo, n?o foram suficientes para despertar os portugueses do sonho glorioso, por?m, dentro da pr?pria literatura, existem aquelas vozes cr?ticas que est?o atentas e de acordo com a p?s-modernidade. Entre elas encontra-se Ant?nio Lobo Antunes, que, atrav?s da sua par?dia As Naus, faz uma releitura nada inocente do passado de Portugal, lan?ando um novo olhar sobre o mesmo. Em As Naus, a Hist?ria portuguesa ? desconstru?da juntamente com os seus representantes: os her?is e Lisboa, capital do imp?rio. Nesse romance, os lugares s?o decadentes, arruinados e mal-cheirosos e as pessoas, ou est?o em decomposi??o, ou carregam dentro de si uma patologia mental; met?fora da pr?pria sociedade que se encontra enferma. Assim, Lu?s de Cam?es, Pedro ?lvares Cabral, Manuel de Sousa de Sep?lveda, Francisco Xavier, Diogo C?o, Garcia da Orta, Fern?o Mendes Pinto, Vasco da Gama, o rei D. Manuel, entre outros personagens hist?ricos, aparecem dessacralizados pela carnavaliza??o, que se manifesta, na referida obra, atrav?s do riso, da ironia, do grotesco e da loucura; ferramentas utilizadas por Lobo Antunes para fortalecer e tornar eficaz a sua tentativa de mudan?a da mentalidade lusitana.

Philippa of Lancaster (1360-1415), Queen of Portugal is largely remembered by the men who surrounded her, rather than her actual accomplishments: John of Gaunt was her father, Joao I of Portugal was her husband, and lastly, Prince Henry (Henrique) the Navigator was her son. However, modem studies of her indicate that she was more than simply an iconographic queen. She was responsible for introducing French to the Portuguese court and was responsible for translating John Gower's Confessio Amatis into Portuguese. Furthermore, Chaucer had been one of her tutors, and had taught her how to use an astrolabe. This last point is very important, for it supports the idea that Philippa was behind the 1415 expedition to Ceuta, the first of Western European voyages into Africa. Charles McKew Parr in his study on Ferdinand Magellan claims that the voyage to Ceuta was Philippa's idea and that she was the one responsible for organizing and supplying the endeavor. However, this revolutionary idea goes in the face of all contemporary primary sources, and all subsequent secondary sources. This thesis will further investigate the claims that Philippa was instrumental in this inaugural expedition and reconcile that concept to its absence in contemporary sources. In addition, this thesis will discuss the direct vs. indirect influence of the Queen, comparisons with three other queens (Leonor Telles de Meneses, her predecessor, Leonor of Aragon, her successor, and Riccafoma, Queen of Granada), and finally evaluating how well traditional arguments hold up against recent ones. Ultimately, while it can not be proven that the voyage was her idea, there are several external factors that point to her aid in organizing and supplying this voyage, a rarity in those days for any queen consort.

Nesta dissertação, serão levantados na peça histórica O beijo do Infante alguns fatos relacionados às Grandes Navegações, a partir da memória de um velho marinheiro que enaltece os feitos de D. Henrique. O luto das famílias que ficaram em terra, as opiniões contrárias aos empreendimentos marítimos são analisados nas falas dos outros personagens e aproximados da crítica anti-expansionista, presente no episódio do Velho do Restelo. Na segunda peça, Triste viuvinha, serão levantadas as diversas leituras acerca da sociedade portuguesa, no final do século XIX. Essas considerações tomaram sentido a partir da análise das peças em conjunto com o suporte da história de Portugal, com os estudos da memória, da saudade e do saudosismo. Dessa forma, tem-se como objetivo interpretar as atribuições que o dramaturgo pretendeu enviar à comunidade quando leram ou assistiram as encenações / This dissertation studies some facts related to the Great Navigations, from the memory of an old sailor who praises the accomplishments of D. Henry, in the historic part of O beijo do Infante. The mourning of the families which stay ashore, opinions contrary to maritime enterprises are seen in the lines of the others characters.The second part deals with Triste viuvinha and studies various readings of the Portuguese society in the late nineteenth century. These considerations have taken place from the analysis of the pieces, along with the support of Portugal\'s history, of the studies of memory, longing and nostalgia. The objective has been to interpret the tasks which the playwright intended to convey to the community, when they read or watched the performances of these plays.

Nesta dissertação, serão levantados na peça histórica O beijo do Infante alguns fatos relacionados às Grandes Navegações, a partir da memória de um velho marinheiro que enaltece os feitos de D. Henrique. O luto das famílias que ficaram em terra, as opiniões contrárias aos empreendimentos marítimos são analisados nas falas dos outros personagens e aproximados da crítica anti-expansionista, presente no episódio do Velho do Restelo. Na segunda peça, Triste viuvinha, serão levantadas as diversas leituras acerca da sociedade portuguesa, no final do século XIX. Essas considerações tomaram sentido a partir da análise das peças em conjunto com o suporte da história de Portugal, com os estudos da memória, da saudade e do saudosismo. Dessa forma, tem-se como objetivo interpretar as atribuições que o dramaturgo pretendeu enviar à comunidade quando leram ou assistiram as encenações / This dissertation studies some facts related to the Great Navigations, from the memory of an old sailor who praises the accomplishments of D. Henry, in the historic part of O beijo do Infante. The mourning of the families which stay ashore, opinions contrary to maritime enterprises are seen in the lines of the others characters.The second part deals with Triste viuvinha and studies various readings of the Portuguese society in the late nineteenth century. These considerations have taken place from the analysis of the pieces, along with the support of Portugal\'s history, of the studies of memory, longing and nostalgia. The objective has been to interpret the tasks which the playwright intended to convey to the community, when they read or watched the performances of these plays.

O Colégio das Artes constituiu-se ao longo dos anos em um poderoso monumento da história portuguesa. Concebido originalmente para ser uma escola regida pelos preceitos do Humanismo e, desse ponto de vista seruma escola diferenciada em relação aos demais colégios monásticos que então vigoravam em Portugal, acabou por não conseguir estabelecer-se duradouramente em sua proposta primeira. Dono de uma trajetória tumultuada, marcada pela morte repentina de seu primeiro diretor, por inúmeros conflitos entre professores e pela instauração de processos inquisitoriais a trêsde seus professores mais conceituados, o Colégio das Artes, em uma decisão jamais oficializada por D.João III, acabou porser transferido em 1555 à Companhia de Jesus. / The Art School was built along the years in a powerful monument of Portuguese History. Originally conceived to be a school ruled by the humanist principles and, from that point of view, to be a different school compared to the other monastic centres which existed in Portugal, it ended up not lasting long in its first proposal. Being the owner of a troubled trajectory, marked by the sudden death of its first principal, by countless conflicts among teachers and by the start of inquisitional processes towards three of its most important teachers, the Art School, in a never oficialized decision by D. Joao III, was transferred to Jesuss company in 1555. In fact, after ten years of remain of Inacians, the original space of the Art School has its functionality extinct being handed down to the inquisition, which would implement changes according to the new end which would be attributed to it. Actually, nowadays the space which was once used as a school is an antiquate area in Coimbra, a bother to the public power. Certainly for Portuguese historiography, its unlucky fate signs the sadness which characterizes Joanino´s Kingdom. In fact, for her, it was D. João III the greatest responsible for the tragic fate that set upon the school. Portraited in the past as a fanatic and nowadays as a hesitating man, it was this misunderstandable king´s personality that ended up sealing the destiny of his own work. This dissertation seeks an explanation for the history of the Art School, especially, the matter of its transference to the Jesuits which escaped from the King´s personality

O Colégio das Artes constituiu-se ao longo dos anos em um poderoso monumento da história portuguesa. Concebido originalmente para ser uma escola regida pelos preceitos do Humanismo e, desse ponto de vista seruma escola diferenciada em relação aos demais colégios monásticos que então vigoravam em Portugal, acabou por não conseguir estabelecer-se duradouramente em sua proposta primeira. Dono de uma trajetória tumultuada, marcada pela morte repentina de seu primeiro diretor, por inúmeros conflitos entre professores e pela instauração de processos inquisitoriais a trêsde seus professores mais conceituados, o Colégio das Artes, em uma decisão jamais oficializada por D.João III, acabou porser transferido em 1555 à Companhia de Jesus. / The Art School was built along the years in a powerful monument of Portuguese History. Originally conceived to be a school ruled by the humanist principles and, from that point of view, to be a different school compared to the other monastic centres which existed in Portugal, it ended up not lasting long in its first proposal. Being the owner of a troubled trajectory, marked by the sudden death of its first principal, by countless conflicts among teachers and by the start of inquisitional processes towards three of its most important teachers, the Art School, in a never oficialized decision by D. Joao III, was transferred to Jesuss company in 1555. In fact, after ten years of remain of Inacians, the original space of the Art School has its functionality extinct being handed down to the inquisition, which would implement changes according to the new end which would be attributed to it. Actually, nowadays the space which was once used as a school is an antiquate area in Coimbra, a bother to the public power. Certainly for Portuguese historiography, its unlucky fate signs the sadness which characterizes Joanino´s Kingdom. In fact, for her, it was D. João III the greatest responsible for the tragic fate that set upon the school. Portraited in the past as a fanatic and nowadays as a hesitating man, it was this misunderstandable king´s personality that ended up sealing the destiny of his own work. This dissertation seeks an explanation for the history of the Art School, especially, the matter of its transference to the Jesuits which escaped from the King´s personality

O Bloqueio Continental e a Invasão Francesa pressionaram a saída da Corte Portuguesa, para o Brasil em 1807. Sem a Monarquia e grande parte da elite, a Metrópole ficava à mercê da guerra e da devastação, sendo governada por uma Regência, que buscava manter, quanto possível, o aparato administrativo e fiscal do Reino. A carestia de alimentos e o empobrecimento da população se mantiveram ao longo da década de 1810, alimentando o descontentamento, a que se somaram a elevação do Brasil à Reino Unido em 1815. Com a morte de D. Maria I em 1816, o príncipe Regente tornou-se Rei na colônia e em 1818 foi aclamado no Rio de Janeiro. Até 1821, com a Revolução Liberal e a volta de D. João VI, o Império Português foi governado principalmente no âmbito Luso-brasileiro, cabendo papel secundário aos órgãos da sede continental. Este trabalho descreve os impasses do período e suas consequências econômicas e políticas, dialogando com as reflexões de protagonistas, como D. Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho, José Maria da Silva Lisboa e Ricardo Raimundo Nogueira, dentre outros. A hipótese norteadora é que mesmo com o esforço de manutenção dos pontos básicos da relação colonial, expresso em propostas de constituição de um nexo feliz entre as partes do Império, a saída da Corte e sua permanência no Brasil, com a duplicidade de Governo, levaram ao fim do Antigo Regime em Portugal e à necessidade de constituição de um novo Império. / The Continental Blockade and the French Invasion forced the departure of the Portuguese Court, to Brazil in 1807. Without the Monarchy and a large part of the elite, the Metropolis was at the mercy of war and devastation, being governed by a Regency, which sought to maintain, as much as possible, the administrative and fiscal apparatus of the Kingdom. Food shortages and the impoverishment of the population continued throughout the 1810s, fueling discontent, to which were added the elevation of Brazil to the United Kingdom in 1815. With the death of D. Maria I in 1816, Prince Regent became King in the \"colony\" and in 1818 was acclaimed in Rio de Janeiro. Until 1821, with the Liberal Revolution and the return of D. João VI, the Portuguese Empire was governed mainly in the Luso-Brazilian scope, having a secondary role to the institutions of the continental headquarters. This work describes the impasses of the period and its economic and political consequences, dialoguing with the reflections of protagonists such as D. Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho, José Maria da Silva Lisboa and Ricardo Raimundo Nogueira, among others. The guiding hypothesis is that even with the effort to maintain the basic points of the colonial relationship, expressed in proposals for the constitution of a happy nexus between the parts of the Empire, the exit of the Court and its permanence in Brazil, with the \"duplicity\" of Government , led to the end of the Old Regime in Portugal and the need to establish a new empire.