Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-08-09T16:53:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IracemaFonsecaSiqueiradeAbreuDissertacao2016.pdf: 3500985 bytes, checksum: 19c297158844ecc0406ab0bbfb43ae8f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-08-09T16:53:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 IracemaFonsecaSiqueiradeAbreuDissertacao2016.pdf: 3500985 bytes, checksum: 19c297158844ecc0406ab0bbfb43ae8f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-09T16:53:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IracemaFonsecaSiqueiradeAbreuDissertacao2016.pdf: 3500985 bytes, checksum: 19c297158844ecc0406ab0bbfb43ae8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / The present dissertation has the scope to present the institute of the single tax and to analyze it in the light of the principles of optimal taxation. The single taxation model has stood out due to its apparent simplicity and economic efficiency, being considered as a solution to the current complex and costly tax structures. In this way, the feasibility of the single tax is questioned in the current legal systems. Through an instrumental bibliographical procedure, the deduction was used to answer such problematic. For that, a priori, the history of the single tax, from the first records in France and the studies of Physiocracy, to the current Brazilian debate on the single federal tax on financial transactions was reported. In the second moment, the proposal was evaluated under the prism of the main theories of the optimal taxation of Smith, Musgrave, Neumark and Stiglitz. Finally, the last chapter developed the contemporary debate on the single tax, explaining its advantages and disadvantages, and then concluding on its viability or not. / A presente Disserta????o tem o escopo de apresentar o instituto do imposto ??nico e analis??-lo ?? luz dos princ??pios da tributa????o ??tima. O modelo de tributa????o ??nica tem se destacado devido ?? sua aparente simplicidade e efici??ncia econ??mica, sendo considerado como solu????o para as atuais estruturas tribut??rias complexas e onerosas. Dessa forma, questiona-se a praticabilidade do imposto ??nico nos ordenamentos jur??dicos atuais. Por meio de um procedimento instrumental bibliogr??fico, recorreu-se a dedu????o para responder tal problem??tica. Para isso, a priori, relatou-se o hist??rico do imposto ??nico, desde os primeiros registros na Fran??a e os estudos da Fisiocracia, at?? o debate atual brasileiro do imposto ??nico federal sobre movimenta????es financeiras. No segundo momento, a proposta foi avaliada sob o prisma das principais teorias da tributa????o ??tima de Smith, Musgrave, Neumark e Stiglitz. Por fim, o ??ltimo cap??tulo desenvolveu o debate contempor??neo acerca do imposto ??nico, explicitando suas vantagens e desvantagens, para, ent??o, concluir sobre sua viabilidade ou n??o.

Objective: To explore 'Maternal Perception of Compliance in Adolescents Model.' The purpose of the model is to explore interrelated factors outside adolescents' agency, but which contribute to maternal perception of severity of compliance in adolescents. This model was originated from reflections on the practice of psychology. Methodology: This inquiry began with pilot studies consisting of a focus group with four parents and an interview. The pilot assisted the fine-tuning the instrument, addressing ethical concerns, forming analytical strategies and gathering a priori themes for the analysis of data from the thesis. The thesis is a qualitative inquiry, data was collected through interviews and utilised a 'maximum variation sampling' of ethnicity (Asian, White, and Black) with socioeconomic status (SES) (low, medium, and high), to recruit six mothers who had adolescent children. Analysis: There was a hybrid approach to the thematic analysis: a) in 'confirmatory analysis,' a priori themes were deductively confirmed and b) in 'exploratory analysis,' new emergent themes were inductively identified. In the first part of the analysis each participant's data was individually analysed, using the hybrid method, to explore the factors that contributed to the model. The second part of the analysis was a 'cross-case analysis,' in which factors identified as contributing to the model, in the first part of the analysis were consolidated to further explore the model. Results: Various types of knowledge (self-reflective, observational, academic, transgenerational, maternal), notions of an ideal child, expectations, style of parenting, style of attribution, maternal anxiety, SES, and single-motherhood were identified as having an effect on the model. In terms of exploration of the model: a) The expectations were largely affected by maternal ideals and standards about adolescents. b) These ideals and standards were derived from their previously acquired knowledge. c) Mothers used the resources at their disposal based on their SES and authoritative parenting style to nurture the child toward their notion of an ideal child. d) The maternal anxiety/single mother/permissive parenting style and some types of knowledge affected the expectation of degree of compliance. e) Mothers often rationalised or justified children's noncompliance through a system called the 'mediating mechanism.' f) Some types of knowledge, mixed parenting style, and external attribution were involved in the 'mediating mechanism.' g) Maternal perception of the extent of adolescents' compliance was based on their degree of expectation of compliance, i.e. the more divergence between the expectations and perception of compliance, the more severe or problematic the perception of compliance. h) Maternal views on compliance varied between mothers, based on their parenting styles. Conclusions: Maternal perception of severity of compliance is not entirely based on children's actual behaviour; rather it is influenced by number of factors that are outside the children's agency. The model, which illustrates how maternal perception of severity of compliance is formed, could have a significant impact on diagnosis and treatment options for compliance related disorders. The subjective diagnostic criteria for evaluating compliance in the DSM-5, augment this complexity in diagnosis and treatment. A larger scale replication of the study is warranted to elicit generalisation.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Le but de ce travaill est de montrer que si une courbe est non trigonale, nous pouvouns obtenir a travers du theoreme de Petri un ensemble minimal de generateurs pour son ideal canonique et aussi obtenir un critere de non trigonalite. Pour demontrer ces faits, le travail contient deux parties. Premierement, il developpe certains resultats de semigroupes numeriques et leur relation avec la theorie classique des courbes algebriques. Ensuite il obtient une base monomial pour l'espace des dierentielles reguliers de ordre arbitraire. Le travail sera guide par l'article: "Weierstrass Semigroups and the canonical ideal of non-trigonal curves" de l'auteur Gilvan Oliveira. / O objetivo deste trabalho à mostrar que se uma curva à nÃo-trigonal, podemos obter atravÃs do teorema de Petri um conjunto mÃnimo de geradores para o seu ideal canÃnico e tambÃm conseguir um critÃrio de nÃo-trigonalidade. Para demonstrar esses fatos, o trabalho possui dois momentos. Primeiro desenvolve alguns resultados de semigrupos numÃricos e a sua relaÃÃo com a teoria clÃssica de curvas algÃbricas, para em seguida obter uma base monomial para o espaÃo de diferenciais regulares de ordem arbitrÃria. O trabalho serà norteado pelo artigo de tÃtulo: "Weierstrass Semigroups and the canonical ideal of non-trigonal curves" do autor Gilvan Oliveira.

Problemformulering och syfte: Inför valet 2018 valde flera influencers att intervjua partiledare. Väljare hade då möjlighet att vända sig till traditionella medier eller sociala medier för att få information inför valet. Påverkas gestaltning av partiledarna när intervjuerna flyttar ut på social medier och vad händer med de journalistiska idealen när det är en influencer som är programledare? Syftet med denna studie är att studera vilka gestaltningar som förekommer i olika medieformat och hur dessa uttrycker sig i programmen. Syftet är också att undersöka hur väl de journalistiska idealen efterföljs av programledare med olika journalistiska bakgrunder. Metod och material: Metoden som används i denna studie är en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Materialet som ingår i urvalet är programmen “Partitempen” och “Jenny och Steffo träffar partiledarna”. Alla avsnitt i vardera program kommer att analyseras med hjälp av den kvalitativa innehållsanalysen. Detta är en fallstudie. Det innebär att resultaten kommer var svåra att generalisera då vi jämför två fall. Huvudresultat: Syftet med denna studie är att studera vilka gestaltningar som förekommer i olika medieformat och hur dessa uttrycker sig i programmen. Resultaten visar att det relativt ofta förekom liknande gestaltningar i de båda programmen. Trivia-, spel- och sakfrågegestaltning förekom i flera avsnitt i de båda programmen. Dock förekommer skandalgestaltning endast i “Jenny och Steffo träffar partiledarna”. Detta skulle kunna bero på att man följer medielogiken och tar upp det man tror publiken är intresserad av. Resultaten för de journalistiska idealen visar att programledarna följer dem, men att de i vissa fall tänjer på gränserna. I “Partitempen“ förekommer flest sakfrågor. Alla programledare är objektiva, trots att de är personliga. Resultaten visar också att ingen av programledarna bryter mot de svenska pressetiska reglerna.

In this thesis, I use Kant's Transcendental Ideal and Fourth Antinomy in the Critique of Pure Reason as a bedrock to understand mistakes in popular spatio-temporal and transcendental proofs for the existence of God and develop a discussion of the necessity of the continued search for, and potential foundation of, an alternative proof of the existence of God. I will first attempt to instill the thought of the necessity of a commitment to the idea of the existence of God. I will then explain and clarify a) the three transcendental proofs for the existence of God and b) what I take to be Kant’s most relevant and substantive refutations of these proofs. After, I will explain and clarify Kant’s perceived failure of spatio-temporal proofs. I then summarize what I consider to be most grave failure of the transcendental proof. Finally, I will assume Kant’s refutation of the ontological proof to be a metaphysical failure and discuss potential solutions to the current issues of proofs for the existence of God.

The purpose of this study is to measure the direct and indirect relationships between socio-economic and demographic variables and ideal and desired family size preferences among male and female high school seniors in Utah in 1974. Furthermore, the analysis will be carried out separately for males and females in order to see if male and female ideal and desired family size preferences are influenced differently by the socio-economic and demographic variables. A model will be developed and tested of the process by which ideal and desired family size preferences are formulated. The model used in the analysis is based upon Westoff and Potvin's "theory of ideal family size formation." Westoff and Potvin's "theory of ideal family size formation" states family size of female's is a result of early socialization. The socialization can be influenced by four categories of processes. The four categories are family size in e nvironment variables, social context variables, consistency and continuity in life experiences, and interaction between beliefs and behavior. The socio-economic and demographic variables selected to test this model were size of family of orientation, place of residence, social class, religion, religiosity, desired age at marriage , ideal age at marriage, the number of circumstances females or males would consider acceptable for the use of birth control, and education difference. The application of Westoff and Potvin 's "theory of ideal family size formation" was a better fit for desired family size of females or males than ideal family size of females or males. Desired family size of females was influenced by religion, religiosity , size of family of orientation, and the number of circumstances females/males find acceptable for the use of birth control. Desired family size of females was also influenced by social class. Ideal family size of females is different from ideal family size of males. Both ideal family size of f emales and males was influenced by religion. Ideal family size of males was al so influenced by religiosity and social class. The given socio-economic and demographic variables explained 39 percent of the variation for female desired family size and 29.5 percent of the variation for male desired family size. The given socio-economic and demographic variables explain 4 percent of the variation for female ideal family size and 17 percent of the variation for male ideal family size.

Researchers and clinicians have postulated that the thin-ideal image portrayed in the media leads to body dissatisfaction and negative self-appraisals among women; however, there is little research that has directly examined the effects of these images on women. The purpose of this research investigation was to experimentally examine the effects of exposure to the thin-ideal on women's affect, self-esteem, body satisfaction, and level of internalization of the thin body image. This study also assessed how the thin-ideal image differentially impacted women with a diagnosed eating disorder. College women (N = 145) were randomly exposed to photographs from popular magazines containing either thin-ideal images or neutral images (nonmodels). The results indicated that exposure to the thin-ideal images produced body dissatisfaction, negative mood states, and lowered self-esteems. It was also expected that exposure to the thin body image would result in higher levels of internalization of the thin-ideal; however, the results indicated that women exposed to these images had significantly lower levels of internalization compared to women in the neutral condition. The results also suggest that women with eating disorders exhibited significantly more body dissatisfaction and depression after exposure to the thin-ideal relative to all other subgroups of women. Implications for prevention of eating disorders and areas of future research are discussed.

Academic sociology identifies a dominant form of masculinity said to be the measure by which all men are judged. Called hegemonic or patriachal masculinity, it is seen as a form of masculinity with personal and social dimensions. In similar fashion, popular writings identify the traditional male heroic image as the cultural model of masculinity. This study explores the impact of such a dominant model of masculinity as factors in how boys and young males learn to be a man. The research looks at the lives of 13 males aged in their early 20s and around 40 years of age, utilising life-course theory and a social-psychological perspective. It compares and contrasts the experiences and perceptions of these young and mid-life males, with regard to the dominant social model of masculinity. The study seeks to assess the significance of the dominant cultural model of masculinity, as a model for what it means to be a man, for males at different stages of their life course. The dominant model of masculinity appears as a rather one dimensional model, a mainly tough, brave and physical image. During adolescence popular culture was the major influence upon their ideas and perceptions of masculinity. This influence came via their interest and participation in sport, the masculine cultural ideal enforced by their peers, and popular media images. the traditional model of masculinity can be seen to be a heroic form of masculinity with emphasis upon power, competition, success and glory. Traditional or patriarchal masculinity, called more simply heroic masculinity, emerges as a potent influence for both the young and mid-life males in terms of values, behaviours and practice. Traditional masculinity emerges as an influence they barely recognise; and possibly a factor in the limited emotional repertoire and guardedness that mid-life males exhibit. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

空氣污染防制費自民國84年7月1日開徵，希望能藉由空污費的徵收來減少污染的排放量，同時能透過空氣污染防制費的有效運用來改善空氣品質，而本文僅針對空氣污染防制迄今，對家計部門所產生的清潔效益進行估算。 首先，利用家計部門生產函數建立理論模型，接著以錢玉蘭、蕭代基(1996)，「台灣大都會地區改善空氣品質之經濟效益評估與酸雨風險認知調查」的問卷調查資料為樣本，對超對數及近似理想需求函數的實證模型進行配適比較。結果顯示：近似理想需求函數配適之判定係數較高，符合加總性、齊次性及對稱性限制條件，而價格變數與屬性變數之估計結果亦相當合理，因此，推論近似理想需求函數為解釋台灣清潔需求型態的較適模型。 由近似理想需求函數所推估之85及86會計年度空污費執行所帶來台灣地區家戶清潔效益分別為每戶2101元及651元，加總每戶效益後，台灣地區總清潔效益分別為128億元及39億元，與空污費實際執行的歲出相較，推論空污費執行迄今之效益大於成本。並由推算之各都會地區補償變量性質，建議政府以效率的觀點使用空氣污染防制費時，應將防制資源優先使用於改善都市化程度愈高，人口數愈多，污染程度愈嚴重地區的空氣品質。 / The Environmental Protection Agency of Taiwan launched the Air Pollution Emission Fees Program to levy emission fees on petroleum products, July 1, 1995. The purpose of such a program is to provide economic incentives to change peoples' behavior towards the consumption of fuels and to collect fees to be used for the improvement of air quahty. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the emission fees program on household cleanness. In order to achieve this objective, we first employ a household production function in accordance with the theory of consumption behavior. Two models are utilized in this study, i.e., the translog firnction model and the almost ideal demand function model. We utilize cross-section data to fit into these models and find that the almost ideal demand model has more significant explanatory power. Therefore, we infer that this model is a better functional form for expressing the cleanness behavior of Taiwan's households. The estimated results of the total benefits for household cleanness resulting from the implementation of air pollution emission fees are NT$12.8 and NT$3.9 bilhon for the accounting years of 1996 and 1997, respectively. By comparing expenditure from the air pollution fees, which were designated for the purpose of improving air quality, i.e., NT$4.2 and NTS3.3 billion for the respective years 1996 and 1997, we can see that the pollution control program is conformable with the benefit-cost principle. Finally, based on the empirical results, pohcy recommendations are presented in the conclusion.

<p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur identitetsarbetet ser ut och har sett ut i Linköpings Hockey Club. Hur har man arbetet för att stärka sin identitet? Mer konkret skulle frågan kunna utformas: Hur har LHC arbetat med klubbkänslan och hur har det arbetet sett ut och förändrats mellan 1976-2003. Tanken är att denna undersökning också ska kunna hjälpa lärare att förstå hur elevers identitet skapas, både i och utanför skolan. </p><p>Analysen genomförs med hjälp av tre teman; amatörism professionalism, vi dem och fostran förebilder. Studien visar att LHC arbetat med ett flertal strategier för att stärka sin identitet. Främst handlar det om att värna om de ideal man skapat och bevarat sedan klubben bildades 1976. Det gör man genom att fostra ungdomarna till "rätt" värderingar, värva spelare med noggrannhet, aktivt arbeta med internrekryteringar, eftersträva hockeykunnande i alla delar organisationen, samt balansera mellan ideellt och professionellt.</p><p>I undersökningen visas hur vissa strategier uppkommit, förändrats eller bevarats genom åren. Varje strategi fyller sin unika funktion och riktar sig till olika målgrupper. Vissa strategier är riktade mot de som finns i klubbens periferi. Här hittar vi exempelvis strategierna som ska värva nya medlemmar till gruppen och göra gruppen större. Strategierna som är riktade mot klubben centrum, internrekrytering etcetera, är tänkta att på ett naturligt sätt slussa in nya människor in i Linköpings Hockey Clubs innersta. De människorna ska precis som de igår och de idag, stolt kunna säga: "det är vi som är LHC". </p><p>I skolan är det inte alltid givet att en vi - dem-gruppering för positiva konsekvenser. Det kan visserligen stärka en grupp, men det kan också leda till att fördomar mot andra ökar. I praktiken kan det handla om allt från rivalitet mellan teoretiska och praktiska utbildningar till fördomar om invandrare. Därför är det viktigt att lärare är uppmärksamma på dessa processer så att lärare kan bistå och skydda eleverna i deras identitetsskapande.</p>