This study is an analysis of the relationship between domestic savings and three economic indicators in the Republic of Korea during the 1950s through 1980s. While domestic saving is affected by many economic phenomena, the analysis is confined to national income, exports, and inflation. The study is divided into five chapters. These are entitled (1) Introduction, (2) Domestic Savings, (3) Income and Domestic Savings, (4) Exports and Domestic Savings, (5) Inflation and Domestic Savings. In chapter I, Korea and the Korean economy are introduced, and the scope of the study is stated. Chapter II reviews the related realm of domestic savings: definition, kinds, and determinants of domestic savings. Chapter III presents the relationship between different incomes and domestic savings, and shows non-labor income contributes more powerfully to the formation of domestic savings than labor income. Chapter IV contains effects of exports, and hypothesis testing. The effect of exports suggests that export expansion affects domestic savings positively via an increase in gross national product. Chapter V deals with the correlation between inflation and domestic savings, and its testing. The correlation between inflation and domestic savings is not generally clear except for some specific cases.

The European Union (EU) and South Korea signed the EU- South Korea free trade agreement (FTA) in 2011 and since then they started to gradually remove barriers to their mutual trade. This thesis is analyzing the effects of this agreement on their bilateral trade flow in 10 commodity sections from 2005 until 2018. For this analysis we are using gravity model that is estimated by OLS and PPML method for comparison. This analysis showed that the EUSouth Korea FTA influences their mutual trade in all 10 sections differently due to different levels of protectionism at the beginning. The FTA had a positive influence on their mutual trade in 9 commodity sections out of 10. In the Section 9 we found a negative effect of the FTA. Contrary to our beliefs we also found out that the highest increase in their mutual trade was not in automobile and electronic industry but in the chemical industry. JEL Classification C23, F14, F33, C16 Keywords Free Trade agreement, South Korea, European Union, gravity model Title Analysis of the EU - South Korea FTA and its effects on their mutual trade using the gravity model Author's e-mail katarina.vinsova@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail michal.paulus@fsv.cuni.cz

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第20785号 / 経博第557号 / 新制||経||282(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 諸富 徹, 教授 劉 徳強, 教授 依田 高典 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DFAM

Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited. / Since the end of the Cold War, the principle naval powers of East Asia--China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea --have increased the importance they attach to their maritime strategies relative to the changing situation in East Asia and adjoining waters. With the growing reliance on each of these countries on seaborne trade and supply of resources, including oil, the countries' maritime defense policies, including the sea lanes of communications (SLOCs), are more important than ever. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the maritime visions of these three countries, the changing maritime security environment they address the maritime territorial disputes, in which they are engaged and the potential for a naval arms race in East Asia. It assesses the impact of Korean reunification and Chinese reunification on their maritime strategies and prospects for a regional multilateral maritime security regime. This thesis emphasizes the importance of the U.S. Navy's forward presence in stabilizing potential problems at sea in East Asia. / Lieutenant, United States Navy

A China vem tendo grande influência sobre a República Democrática Popular da Coreia desde a sua fundação, nos anos 1940, até os dias de hoje. Não obstante, as relações entre os dois países oscilaram entre momentos de aproximação e distanciamento, ao longo da história, relacionadas tanto ao contexto externo regional e internacional, como às mudanças de política externa da China e da RDPC. O que se pretende com este trabalho é analisar a política externa norte-coreana, desde a fundação do país, examinando seus objetivos e suas estratégias, ao longo do tempo, de forma a identificar o papel que a China tem para o regime da RDPC. Para tanto, foi feita uma análise histórica, a partir da revisão bibliográfica pertinente ao tema. A hipótese central adotada afirma que, desde a fundação da RDPC até os dias de hoje, a China tem sido, além de um modelo econômico e político para o regime, uma peça fundamental da estratégia de barganha norte-coreana, por ser diretamente vulnerável à instabilidade da península coreana. / China has been having great influence over the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea ever since its foundation, in the 1940’s, up to today. Nevertheless, the relations between the two countries, throughout history, have oscillated between moments of rapprochement and moments of detachment. This is related not only to changes in the regional and international framework, but also to changes in the North Korean and the Chinese foreign policy. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse the North Korean foreign policy, since the country’s foundation, examining its objectives and its strategies, in order to identify the role played by China for the DPRK regime maintenance. For that purpose, a historical analysis based on literature review is presented. The central hypothesis states that, ever since the DPRK’s foundation until today, China has been both a role model, in economic and political terms, and a fundamental part in the North Korean bargain strategy, since it is directly vulnerable to the instabilities of the Korean Peninsula.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 1963. / Cover title: The problem of Korean unification. Bibliography: p. 169-181.

A China vem tendo grande influência sobre a República Democrática Popular da Coreia desde a sua fundação, nos anos 1940, até os dias de hoje. Não obstante, as relações entre os dois países oscilaram entre momentos de aproximação e distanciamento, ao longo da história, relacionadas tanto ao contexto externo regional e internacional, como às mudanças de política externa da China e da RDPC. O que se pretende com este trabalho é analisar a política externa norte-coreana, desde a fundação do país, examinando seus objetivos e suas estratégias, ao longo do tempo, de forma a identificar o papel que a China tem para o regime da RDPC. Para tanto, foi feita uma análise histórica, a partir da revisão bibliográfica pertinente ao tema. A hipótese central adotada afirma que, desde a fundação da RDPC até os dias de hoje, a China tem sido, além de um modelo econômico e político para o regime, uma peça fundamental da estratégia de barganha norte-coreana, por ser diretamente vulnerável à instabilidade da península coreana. / China has been having great influence over the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea ever since its foundation, in the 1940’s, up to today. Nevertheless, the relations between the two countries, throughout history, have oscillated between moments of rapprochement and moments of detachment. This is related not only to changes in the regional and international framework, but also to changes in the North Korean and the Chinese foreign policy. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse the North Korean foreign policy, since the country’s foundation, examining its objectives and its strategies, in order to identify the role played by China for the DPRK regime maintenance. For that purpose, a historical analysis based on literature review is presented. The central hypothesis states that, ever since the DPRK’s foundation until today, China has been both a role model, in economic and political terms, and a fundamental part in the North Korean bargain strategy, since it is directly vulnerable to the instabilities of the Korean Peninsula.

Thisthesis examines how different collective memory and national identity of theRepublic of Korea and Japan affect their bilateral relationship. This is also dealwith the role of collective memory and national identity in the bilateralrelationship between the Republic of Korea and Japan. Of diverse conflictingissue between two countries, I studied territorial issue over Dokdo/Takeshimaissue because Dokdo/Takeshima issue is not only territorial matter but alsohistorical matter. So, there are frequent clashes over Dokdo/Takeshma betweentwo countries. To study this topic, in a theoretical framework, I utilizeconstructivism, collective memory and national identity to analyze differentideas of two countries. Furthermore, as I study coverage of media in twocountries, theory of news frame is also utilized. Analyzing media and statementsof two countries about Dokdo/Takeshima, I compared them and produced anintegrated analysis.

A China vem tendo grande influência sobre a República Democrática Popular da Coreia desde a sua fundação, nos anos 1940, até os dias de hoje. Não obstante, as relações entre os dois países oscilaram entre momentos de aproximação e distanciamento, ao longo da história, relacionadas tanto ao contexto externo regional e internacional, como às mudanças de política externa da China e da RDPC. O que se pretende com este trabalho é analisar a política externa norte-coreana, desde a fundação do país, examinando seus objetivos e suas estratégias, ao longo do tempo, de forma a identificar o papel que a China tem para o regime da RDPC. Para tanto, foi feita uma análise histórica, a partir da revisão bibliográfica pertinente ao tema. A hipótese central adotada afirma que, desde a fundação da RDPC até os dias de hoje, a China tem sido, além de um modelo econômico e político para o regime, uma peça fundamental da estratégia de barganha norte-coreana, por ser diretamente vulnerável à instabilidade da península coreana. / China has been having great influence over the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea ever since its foundation, in the 1940’s, up to today. Nevertheless, the relations between the two countries, throughout history, have oscillated between moments of rapprochement and moments of detachment. This is related not only to changes in the regional and international framework, but also to changes in the North Korean and the Chinese foreign policy. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse the North Korean foreign policy, since the country’s foundation, examining its objectives and its strategies, in order to identify the role played by China for the DPRK regime maintenance. For that purpose, a historical analysis based on literature review is presented. The central hypothesis states that, ever since the DPRK’s foundation until today, China has been both a role model, in economic and political terms, and a fundamental part in the North Korean bargain strategy, since it is directly vulnerable to the instabilities of the Korean Peninsula.

Historically, International Labour Law was developed to mitigate the negative social externalities of the Industrial Revolution and protect international trade from unfair competition. With a similar objective, the international community failed to establish the International Trade Organisation provided for in the 1948 Havana Charter. In its place, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was adopted. However, the Havana Charter remains the first universal trade treaty to include a social clause. During the Cold War, Western countries failed to introduce a social clause in the GATT. The most resounding failure was in the 1990s when the World Trade Organisation (WTO) was created. This failure drove Western countries to introduce social clauses in bilateral and non-universal multilateral trade agreements. Since the 2000s there has been a ‘boom’ of new social clauses. These clauses have developed into two main models: the conditional model and the cooperative (or promotional) model. The former model is typical of the US, the latter of the EU. The US and EU clauses have four characteristics and structural elements: social obligations, procedural commitments, implementation mechanisms and dispute settlement mechanisms. The main difference between the two types of social clauses lies in the presence (US model) or absence (EU model) of sanctions for breach of obligations. The research question of this dissertation concerns the legal efficacy of social clauses. First, the research reconstructs the historical-legal background and conceptualises social clauses. Second, the study compares the EU and US models from a legal-historical perspective. Third, the dissertation comparatively assesses two fundamental (and so far unique) cases for breach of social obligations: the US v. Guatemala case and the EU v. Republic of Korea case.