The purpose of this study is to determine and evaluate a third grade reading program that will increase the individual child's reading ability and will stimulate maximum progress during a period of nine months. It is believed that through the development of this program a larger number of the children in this particular group will be able to make the transition from the primary type of reading to the intermediate level at the end of their third year in school.

Le Code de procédure civile écarte expressément, de l’exercice de la tierce-opposition, la « partie » et le « tiers représenté » sans définir ce dernier. L’exclusion de la partie ne pose pas de difficulté, la notion de sa définition peut être trouvée dans le régime de l’appel. En revanche, à la question de savoir qui est « tiers représenté » aucune réponse n’est donnée. Ni la qualité de tiers, ni celle de partie, ne soulève a priori de difficultés, à l’inverse de celle de « tiers représenté ». C’est donc que cette représentation constitue un élément perturbateur des qualifications classiques, en conduisant à la remise en cause de la dichotomie de « tiers » et « partie ». Représentation qui ne produit pas de représentation du représenté (qui reste tiers), il ne s’agirait que d’une étrangeté dont il faudrait s’accommoder au seul motif de sa consécration textuelle. Les auteurs en font d’ailleurs état en mettant l’accent sur sa spécificité, sans autre justification que les dispositions du code et le régime prétorien secrété en la matière, en majeure partie sous l’empire de l’ancien code de procédure civile. Au-delà de la pluralité des cas de figure, ressort la préexistence de cette « représentation » reconnue en droit substantiel, préalablement à tout litige. Il ne saurait être alors question d’une particularité processuelle. L’étude à l’aune du droit processuel de ces décisions permet de détecter la constance de l’absence d’un droit propre du « représenté », soit qu’il n’en a pas, soit que ceux dont il est titulaire n’ont pas été affectés par la décision rendue. Le « représenté » est donc soit un tiers sans intérêt, soit une partie. La représentation ne constitue ici aucunement un critère de rattachement à une catégorie intermédiaire qui serait celle de « tiers représenté ». L’exerçant n’est donc jamais, en définitive, « tiers représenté » qui n’est qu’une description et non une prescription, ni une catégorie de rattachement. Cette représentation n’est d’aucun apport au droit processuel, et l’article 583 alinéa 1er du Code de procédure civile ne fait que consacrer la réception d’un élément exogène perturbateur. Cette disposition pourrait être abrogée, et la« représentation du tiers » tout comme la notion, sinon le concept, de « tiers représenté » qui en procède, être abandonnés. / In accordance with article 583 of the Code of Civil Procedure “any person who shows an interest if he was neither a party to nor he is represented in the judgement which he impugns, will be admissible to bring third party proceedings”. The law hereby introduces the notion of a “represented third party”, but fails to define it. Neither party nor third party, the “represented third party” seems to be an incongruity that the jurist should accommodate with solely because of its textual recognition. A procedural law analysis of the judicial decisions regarding third-party proceedings consistently reveals the absence of a direct claim pertaining to the “represented third party”. This leads to the conclusion that the “represented third party” is either a third party who has no claim, or a party. As a matter of fact, the representation of this so-called third party is merely a description, and has no impact on procedural law. It rather is a disturbing exogenous element of no legal consequence. Hence, the concept of a representation of a third party, as well as that of a “represented third party” ought to be withdrawn from the Code of Civil Procedure.

On November 3, 1998, Florida's voters approved by wide margin a revision to the Florida State Constitution. Among other things, Revision 11 made ballot access more equitable for independent and third-party candidates for elected office. This was an important step towards giving voters legitimate electoral options outside of the two major political parties. This study seeks to determine whether or not voters have been emboldened by the ballot access change to support candidates from outside of the two major parties in more significant numbers. This research makes an empirical comparison between the four elections for Florida's United States House of Representatives members prior to Revision 11 reforms and the four elections after. The analysis considers what effect the new, equitable ballot access rules have on minor party electoral success while controlling for certain variables that are hypothesized to have impacted the dependent variable. In all, it is expected that the removal of ballot access barriers will spell success for Florida's minor political parties holding all of these other considerations constant. However, the results of the statistical analysis show that ballot access is simply not enough to ensure third-party electoral success.

Abstract This thesis discusses how the impact and effectiveness of sanctions has shifted to be less significant in parallel with the shift to global multipolarity from a previously bipolar world. This topic is analysed by conducting a comprehensive case study of how Russia, despite being the most sanctioned state in the world, is able to maintain its economic stability and even growth due to the new multipolar landscape of global power relations. The case of Russia’s avoidance of sanctions is analysed by conducting a mixed method case study which uses both qualitative and quantitative data through the theoretical framework of Realism and Realist conceptualisations of power. This thesis contributes to the academic discussion regarding sanctions by building upon Early’s (2009) triadic model to describe more accurately the methods by which third party states assist in the avoidance of sanctions. Through this case study, Russia’s success at sanction avoidance is attributed to the involvement of third-party states in circumventing sanctions’ restrictions.

Master of Science / Department of Journalism and Mass Communications / Hyunseung Jin / With regards to the third-person effect, the purpose of this paper is to answer the fundamental question ‘who are others?’ when assessing the perceived effects of anti-tobacco advertising and cigarette advertising. The particular interest in this study is investigation of the underlying mechanism of the third-person effect between non-smokers and smokers by applying the social comparison theory to the third-person effect. Findings indicate that, in terms of overall third-person effect judgments, people are inclined to consider as others those persons sharing similar demographic characteristics including gender, race, and age. However, in terms of smoking status, people have a tendency to contrast themselves with other smokers rather than non-smokers, regardless of whether or not they themselves smoke. Moreover, the first-person effect toward an anti-tobacco advertisement was found amongst non-smokers, but it was not found amongst smokers. The magnitude of the third-person toward a cigarette-advertisement effect was greater among non-smokers than it was among smokers.

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Previous work on hurtful messages focused on receiving hurtful messages in dyadic relationships. However, hurt feelings are also elicited when people receive hurtful messages from individuals other than the person who originally stated the message. The current study examined peoples’ experience of hurt, perception of intent, and tendency to distance themselves from both perpetrators (those responsible for generating the hurt invoking message) and deliverers (those responsible for revealing or delivering the hurt invoking message). The investigation revealed associations between victims’ perceptions of the degree of similarity they shared with perpetrators and the intensity of hurt felt by victims, as well as the degree to which the message threatened victims’ negative face and the intensity of hurt victims felt. For both perpetrators and deliverers, as victims’ perceptions of intent increased, the distancing effect on the relationship also increased. The intensity of hurt victims felt was associated with the tendency for victims to distance themselves from perpetrators. Victims perceived that friends intentionally hurt their feelings to a greater extent than did romantic partners. / text

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