Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-12-22T14:40:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Onésima Aguiar Campos Barreto_.pdf: 819320 bytes, checksum: 77032227ee24042f8cd627cc2eef5be9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-22T14:40:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Onésima Aguiar Campos Barreto_.pdf: 819320 bytes, checksum: 77032227ee24042f8cd627cc2eef5be9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-25 / Nenhuma / A indústria da construção civil exerce uma grande contribuição para o desenvolvimento da economia dos países, principalmente se considerada a quantidade de empregos gerados e a influência direta em todos os setores que produzem insumos, equipamentos e serviços para a utilização no seu processo produtivo. Apesar desse grande destaque da indústria da construção civil brasileira na economia nacional, o setor é grande consumidor de recursos naturais, pois as obras utilizam grande quantidade e variedade de materiais de construção que, na maioria das vezes, por falta de planejamento, são desperdiçados e transformados em Resíduos da Construção Civil (RCC). O crescimento progressivo dos RCC tem ocorrido juntamente com o aumento da população, e traz consigo problemas ambientais em virtude do crescimento da construção civil, que no intuito de atender as expectativas da sociedade, caminham lado a lado com este crescimento. O município de Palmas/TO nos últimos anos vem passando por um processo acelerado de verticalização, acompanhado da geração de uma grande quantidade de RCC. No que tange às disposições desses resíduos no município e os impactos que eles provocam, esta pesquisa propôs diagnosticar a atual situação, baseado em um framework teórico de boas práticas e manejo, e da classificação e quantificação dos RCC gerados pelo período de um ano. Estas informações subsidiaram a elaboração de um manual de gerenciamento baseado em boas práticas de gestão e manejo. O método de pesquisa caracteriza-se como abordagem qualitativa, de natureza aplicada, com objetivos, exploratório e descritivo, sendo utilizados como método de trabalho, a pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e estudo de caso. Os dados foram coletados através da aplicação de questionários abertos e entrevistas com roteiro previamente definido. Os principais achados são: a falta de fiscalização e ineficiência da administração pública municipal; e a falta de gerenciamento ambientalmente correto pelas empresas construtoras, que as impedem de terem ganhos financeiros com a reutilização e reciclagem dos RCC. As recomendações para trabalhos futuros tratam-se da investigação da eficácia das certificações ISO 9001 e P-BQPH nas empresas construtoras, em especial no município de Palmas; a viabilidade do ponto de vista técnico e ambiental da adoção do manual de boas práticas proposto, para que se comprove sua eficácia quanto ao gerenciamento dos RCC, e por fim, a aplicação do framework teórico em estudos de campo. / The construction industry has a significant contribution to the countries’ economy development, especially if considered the created jobs amount and the direct influence across the sectors that produce raw materials, equipment and services for use in its production process. In spite of this major highlight of Brazilian civil construction industry in the national economy, the sector is large consumer of natural resources, since the construction uses building materials in large quantity and variety , most often, for lack of planning, are wasted and turned into Construction Waste (CW) The progressive growth of the CW has been in conjunction with an increase in population, and bring with them environmental problems arising from construction growth that in order to attend the expectations of society go hand in hand with this development. the city of Palmas/TO in the past years has experienced an accelerated process of verticalization, accompanied by the generation of a large amount of CW. Regarding to the provisions of this waste in the city and the impacts they cause, this research proposed to diagnose the current situation, based on a theoretical framework of good practices and managing, and classification and quantification of CW generated for a period of one year. This information supported the development of a management guide based on best management and handling practices. The research method is characterized as a qualitative approach, with applied nature, exploratory and descriptive objectives, being used as a working method, bibliographical, documentary research and case study. Data were collected through the application of open questionnaires and interviews with pre-defined script. The main findings are: the lack of supervision and inefficiency of the municipal government; and the lack of environmentally proper management for construction companies, preventing them from having the financial gains from the reuse and recycling of CW. Recommendations for future studies are: the investigation of the effectiveness of ISO 9001 and PBQP-H certifications in construction companies, especially in the city of Palmas; the viability of the technical and environmental point of view of the adoption of the proposed the best management guide, in order to prove its effectiveness as the management of CW, and finally, the application of theoretical framework on field studies.

[Compilation CD featuring 1950s-era field recordings] Recently recovered recordings of Haywood County, N.C., musicians made nearly 60 years ago – which an Appalachian music expert describes as “the missing link between old-time string music and bluegrass” – are once again seeing the light of day and finding a new audience thanks to Great Smoky Mountains Association. Four years after the release of their Grammy-nominated “Old-Time Smoky Mountain Music,” GSMA producers follow up now with “Carroll Best and the White Oak String Band: Old-time Bluegrass from the Great Smoky Mountains, 1956 and 1959.” The new collection features more than 30 tracks, including such old-time favorites as “Tennessee Wagoner,” “Arkansas Traveler,” “Old Joe Clark,” “Soldier’s Joy,” as well as such modern tunes as “Banjo Boogie” and “Smoky Mountain Melody.” / https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1169/thumbnail.jpg

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Few elements in surface waters are monitored as closely as phosphorus (P) due to its role in the eutrophication and degradation of surface waters. Limiting P mobilization from source areas is, therefore, a central goal of water quality protection plans. But the work of locating sources in mixed-use watersheds is challenged by the spatial and temporal variability of critical source areas (CSAs) of P. Synoptic sampling is a proven method for capturing the spatial variation of water quality parameters in surface waters, though it's not often used to track temporal dynamics across the same study area. Phosphorus fractionation is an analytical method that divides the total P (TP) in water into fractions, which for this study included total dissolved P (TDP), particulate P (PP), dissolved reactive P (DRP), and dissolved organic P (DOP). The objective of this study was to demonstrate the utility of combining temporally repeated synoptic sampling with simple P fractionation as a unique strategy for locating and characterizing CSAs of P. Seven synoptic sampling campaigns were conducted over a two-year period (March 2015 – July 2016) in a rural, montane watershed in north central Utah, USA. In each campaign, we sampled 18 sites across three tributaries (Main Creek, Spring Creek, and Little Hobble Creek) during three distinct, annual hydrologic periods (rising flow, peak flow, and baseflow). Temporal repetition clearly identified the rising flow period as the period with greatest P loading in the watershed. Combining repeated synoptic sampling and P fractionation successfully identified CSAs of P and most probable transfer pathways. Specifically, stream segments along lower Spring Creek and Main Creek were associated with the greatest increases of PP loads during periods of rising flow and peak flow. In the same time periods, the greatest DOP loads stemmed from forested areas as well as areas in the lower watershed associated with winter grazing of cattle. The watershed exhibited a significant background concentration of DRP from groundwater-driven subsurface sources in the lower half of the watershed that persisted year-round. These assessments can be used to develop management practices that limit various P loads from these respective critical source areas. The characterization of CSAs could not have been made using only a traditional synoptic sampling approach. This study demonstrated that the combination of repeated synoptic sampling and P fractionation can be an effective technique for locating and characterizing critical P source areas in order to guide best management practices that improve surface water quality.

As the divorce rate in the United States remains steady at 50%, the last few decades have shown an increase in child custody disputes. Within these litigations, interparental conflict can reach high levels and incite behaviors that wreak havoc on the children who are caught in the middle. When considering custody arrangements, judges and other evaluators use the Best Interest of the Child Standard (BICS), a jurisdictionally-specific framework that examines several factors that contribute to a child’s health and well-being. Parents who allow their resentments to get the better of them sometimes engage in behavior that encourages their child to become alienated from the other parent, known as Parental Alienation (PA) —a form of psychological abuse that can result in emotional and behavioral consequences for the child. While some states investigate components relevant to PA during a BICS evaluation, none include criteria that directly addresses this construct. Therefore, to achieve the intended outcome of BICS, which is to create a custody arrangement that will best meet a child’s needs, recognizing and addressing the presence of PA within a family system is required.

ABSTRACT This project discusses the development of Keep in Touch. Keep in Touch is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization which is designed to aid the visitation process. Visitation is concerned with children and their families who have been separated. Reasons for separation vary; however, many children have been separated and would benefit greatly from a local visitation program. Items such as children’s rights, California’s mandatory mediation law, and the current conditions of the family court house in San Bernardino County are all discussed and examined as supporting evidence to the problem of family visitation. The goal of Keep in Touch is to provide a comfortable environment, both physical and virtual, that encourages open communication (dialogue) between children and their families. The cultural climate of Keep in Touch is one that encourages, supports and nurtures the natural connection between children and their families.

Agricultural runoff is one of largest contributors of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and sediment affecting freshwater systems in watersheds across the Northeastern U.S., including the Lake Champlain Basin in Vermont. Agricultural cropping systems, such as corn silage and haylands, used for dairy feed production have been shown to impact watershed hydrology and water quality. Agricultural best management practices (BMPs) have the potential to decrease runoff volumes and flow rates and the associated export of nutrients and sediment from agricultural fields. Many states in the Northeastern U.S., including Vermont, are beginning to require farmers to implement water quality BMPs and further improve risk evaluation of export of P in runoff using evolving P site assessment tools, such as the Phosphorus Index (P-Index). Quantifying the effects of BMPs on hydrologic and nutrient exports from fields is critical for informing site assessment tools that aid in the development of nutrient management plans and to help design agroecosystems that do not degrade water quality. However, there is a lack of data on the effects of BMPs on edge-of-field hydrologic and nutrient fluxes, especially in cold-climate regions with snow-melt induced runoff events. This thesis consists of four chapters, Chapter 1 is a comprehensive literature review on agricultural hydrology and water quality, BMP effectiveness, and P site assessment tools. Chapters 2 and 3 address research objectives related to the evaluation of BMP and P site assessment tool effectiveness. Chapter 4 is a summary of the conclusions drawn from the work done in Chapters 2 and 3, and suggestions for future work. Chapter 2 evaluates the effects of soil aeration prior to manure application on edge-of-field hydrology, water quality, and P fluxes in haylands with clay soils during both precipitation and snow-melt induced runoff events. Edge-of-field water quality monitoring techniques and passive-capillary lysimeter systems were used to continuously measure the losses of surface runoff, subsurface leachate, and the associated export of nutrients (total phosphorus, total dissolved phosphorus, total nitrogen, and total dissolved nitrogen) and total suspended solids resulting from runoff events year-round from 2012 to 2018. Annual P fluxes in the form of vegetative uptake and removal, manure additions, and soil test P were also recorded. Results from this study indicated that soil aeration had the potential to reduce nutrient and sediment exports from haylands with poorly-drained, high runoff producing soils in the Northeastern U.S. where winter freeze-thaw conditions exist. However, potential increases in surface and subsurface hydrologic flows can accompany these reductions; these implications should be considered before implementation. Chapter 3 identifies potential P-Index improvements through the representation of topographic controls on phosphorus (P) transport by comparing results from the Vermont P-Index (VT P-Index) and a more complex process-based model, TopoSWAT, across topographic regions in a small agricultural watershed (360 ha) in the Lake Champlain Basin. Scenarios of varying P management strategies were modeled for corn silage production fields with poorly-drained soils and rolling topography. Modeled outputs of P risk assessments and edge-of-field dissolved and particulate P losses were compared. Results from this study suggest that the VT P-Index could improve its ability to support farm nutrient management planning and other P-based management decisions by incorporating topographic controls of runoff production into its estimation of P transport.

On average, a small business could lose $150,000 a year due to employee fraud schemes. For most of the small businesses affected by employee fraud schemes, the average $150,000 loss could be detrimental to the small business, causing the business to close. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the internal controls small business owners apply to detect and prevent fraud from occurring in the business. The population for the study consisted of 3 small business owners located in Hartsville, South Carolina who implemented effective internal fraud controls in their business. The conceptual framework guiding the study was the fraud triangle theory. Data were collected and triangulated through semistructured interviews, company internal control policy and procedure documents, the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission internal control framework, and the Small Business Administration internal control good practices. Data were analyzed through coding. There were 3 themes which emerged in relation to addressing the central research question: cash collection, separation of duties, and attentiveness and awareness. The findings could contribute to positive social change by providing best practices for small business owners to mitigate the components of the fraud triangle and subsequently decrease, if not eliminate, fraud from occurring in small businesses.

Educational policy researchers have concluded that if U.S. schools transition from the traditional model of grading and reporting to a uniform standards-based grading and reporting model, students would benefit academically. However, very few middle and high schools in the United States have made the transition to standards-based grading. This qualitative research study was designed address the role of leadership in change by identifying a set of best leadership practices to guide school principals in leading such a transition. The conceptual framework was Kotter's change model. A national sample of 7 middle and 5 high school principals from 8 states who had previously led their schools in the transition to standards-based grading elected to serve as study participants. This panel completed an open-ended questionnaire designed to identify perceived best leadership practices school leaders should consider as they plan to lead such a change. Using the Delphi technique to determine consensus, a set of 78 best leadership actions were identified. Then, these actions were rated by the same panel, resulting in a set of 8 best leadership change practices consistent with Kotter's framework. Practices included establishing and communicating a sense of urgency, developing a change vision and stakeholder buy-in, building coalitions and broad-based actions, generating short term wins and continuing processes, and incorporating change into school culture. This consensus set of leadership practices might affect positive social change by assisting school principals in planning and leading grading change initiatives in schools to enhance students' learning and improve systems of communicating student academic progress using uniform and consistent standards.

In coastal urban regions, underground stormwater treatment units are suitable infrastructure options because they take less space where premium land is expensive. Even then, they should be accessible and ideally small enough to fit into existing stormwater networks. Since 2003, the City of Tampa and Florida’s Department of Transportation (FDOT) have installed 47 baffle boxes into the city’s stormwater pipe networks. Baffle boxes are underground stormwater treatment structures designed to capture sediments and floating debris. Since their deployment, many challenges regarding their practical sediment capturing performance was raised by the city. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of rainfall, land use, and maintenance on the sediment trapping efficiency of the baffle boxes and identify solutions to enhance their performance. This was addressed through site visits, sediment accumulation measurements and analysis of historical and field data. The results of these measurements and analysis were then compared to rainfall intensity, catchment characteristics, size and type of the units. During the preliminary site visits and sediment measurements it was observed that most of the units located in the south of Tampa were inundated by backflows from Tampa Bay. Survey information collected from inspection crew members also showed that resuspension of trapped sediments frequently occurs in these units. Concerning operation and maintenance (O&M), it was indicated that units mounted with screens are costly and difficult to clean-out. Additionally, it was found that 80% of the units have very small trap inlets and lack the baffle structures needed to slow down and settle sediments. Historical sediment measurements and O&M practices were analyzed to calculate the overall performance of the units. The analysis of the data determined the sediments captured, the resuspension rate, and yearly cost of maintenance for different types of baffle boxes. Rainfall intensity and land use and land cover (LULC) data for each catchment of the units was correlated to the performance of the units. The LULC data used impervious fraction and tree canopy area of the catchments to project sediment and leaf matter accumulation within the units. This research study found that total daily rainfall intensity is a good predictor of sediment accumulation. Cleanout crews can use this relationship to conduct their work efficiently and to promptly react to occurring rainfall events. Thus, the prediction of sediments accumulated from rainfall events and the coordination of clean-out trucks can optimize O&M practices. It was also determined that large-sized (24-40 in) units and those with three chambers (baffles) perform better at trapping sediments. Thus, installing baffles in units within the large-sized ones can enhance their performance. The study also found that baffle boxes mounted with screens can individually take up to eight hours to cleanup which makes them costly and difficult. This can be detrimental for municipalities to follow up on their O&M practices effectively. Therefore, to alleviate the clean out complexity and reduce maintenance expenditures complementary practices such as bag filters need to be explored and implemented for trials