Perceptions of college Disability Support Services (DSS) and school system personnel regarding emerging best practices, adequacy of preparation of students with disabilities to access accommodations in college, and communication across systems were examined in this study. Once in college, students with disabilities have a lower rate of completion/success than their peers. Accommodations promote success in college, yet students with disabilities are not accessing them, thereby reducing their success. Adequacy of student preparation to access accommodations and communication across systems affects the access of accommodations by college students with disabilities. This study is qualitative, with 43 participants. It includes DSS personnel from five, four-year and five, two-year colleges/universities and transition personnel from five public school divisions in Virginia. Snowball sampling and a guided interview format were used. Rigor was addressed through triangulation, including document and web review. Results indicate that differences between the ADA and IDEA require students, teachers, and parents of students with disabilities to have knowledge of students’ rights and responsibilities under the ADA to prepare them for accessing accommodations in college. Students were more likely to be prepared when they had knowledgeable and supportive parents, transition teams, and teachers/case managers. Characteristics of individual students also help determine the effectiveness of student preparation. School system participants feel they have lack of access to students with disabilities transitioning to college to effectively prepare them for accessing accommodations in college. They also lack feedback about preparation effectiveness. Participants believe additional communication is needed. Existing communication is directional with school system staff making requests of DSS staff. There is also need for additional college outreach to school systems and a structure for ongoing communication is desired. It is recommended that best practices in preparation and communication be identified, knowledge of transition teams/parents be improved, and usefulness of the Summary of Performance be determined. Development of a system for students with less severe disabilities for transition preparation and a system for increased feedback and communication between systems personnel is needed. The VDOE and SCHEV should work to improve avenues for joint preparation and develop goals and an action plan for implementation.

This diploma thesis deals with contemporary family, in particular by ensuring the best interests of the child during the parents' divorce and post-divorce in care. The theoretical part introduces the characteristics of the contemporary family, as a result of socio-cultural development of society, and then attempts to put forward the concept of the current healthy family, as the possibility of a positive direction. It deals with the causes and manifestations of families at risk to stability, the question of divorce of parents in relation to a child after divorce and child care. It introduces the possibility of using supportive and protective services social and legal protection of children under current legislation. The subject of the practical work is still continuing casuistry's growing conflict divorce of parents, which resulted in threatening condition child's healthy development. The research focuses primarily on the way to fulfilling the practice of social and legal protection. Analyzes processes work, looking for the main obstacles to ensure the best interests of the child and trying to find possible solutions support and child protection. KEY WORDS
 The best interests of the child, a healthy family, divorce, social and legal protection, system connection

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Agricultural Economics / Jeffery R. Williams / The two topics addressed in this dissertation are both related to surface water quality. Reservoir sedimentation and water quality trading are examined from economic and environmental perspectives. Each topic and the resulting policy implications are relevant to stakeholders at the local, state, and federal levels. Reservoir sedimentation has been recognized as a major environmental, social, and economic issue in much of the Midwestern US. There is an effort to focus public and private funds to achieve the greatest return on the investment from soil erosion and sediment reduction strategies. How can physiographical and economic relationships within the watershed be quantified in such a way to provide insights into the selection of alternative management strategies? This study focuses on answering that question by integrating a physically-based watershed model with an economic analysis of alternative sedimentation reduction strategies for the case of Tuttle Creek Lake located in northeastern Kansas. Several key finding of this study are that both physiographical and economic factors must be considered for cost-effective conservation to occur. Considering these factors and targeting BMP implementation from 8 to 23 times more cost-effective than random implementation. If targeting cannot be done effectively or if “intangible” costs of BMP implementation are too large, dredging is likely to be more cost-effective. While this research compares the cost-effectiveness of various BMP implementation approaches in Kansas with dredging, the benefits associated with each of these strategies is not addressed. While there is substantial evidence that nonpoint sources have lower nutrient reduction costs than point sources, experience with water quality trading (WQT) reveals a common theme: little or no trading activity. These outcomes suggest the presence of obstacles to trading that were not recognized in the design of existing programs. To examine the ways that various market imperfections may impact the performance of a WQT market, an agent-based model is constructed, which simulates a hypothetical point-nonpoint market. This study first presents an overview of the concepts and simulation modeling technique used and then analyzes the effects of two prominent market impediments identified in the WQT literature: information levels and trading ratios. The results imply that if market designers feel that only a limited number of trades will be consummated, creating an institution that provides accessible information about buyers’ prices is preferred to providing information about sellers’ prices. Overall, more information is always better, but it becomes less important with higher trading ratios.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur familjerättssekreterares tolkar och beaktar barnets bästa i vårdnadstvistutredningar. Studien baseras på nio kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studien kommer att behandla barnets bästa, föräldraförmåga och risker för barnet. I resultatet framkommer att begreppet “barnets bästa” är svårt att definiera men att familjerättssekreterarna ser till barnets utsatta situation. Forskning och studiens resultat pekar på att barn i vårdnadstvistutredningar är i en utsatt situation och offer för föräldrars konflikt. Resultatet visar att familjerättssekreterare ser att föräldrar i en vårdnadstvist uppvisar bristande föräldraförmåga i jämförelse med föräldrar som inte är i vårdnadstvist och de kan därför inte tillgodose barnets behov av trygghet och stabilitet. I diskussionen kopplas studiens resultat samman med tidigare forskning samt systemteorin och handlingsteorin. Det visar sig att systemteorin kan ses som en utgångspunkt i familjerättssekreterares arbete även om det inte uttrycks som så. Det framkommer att familjerättssekreterare känner en frihet i sitt handlingsutrymme och att de utför målinriktade handlingar. / The study aims to investigate how family secretaries interpret and consider the child's best interests in custody investigations. The study is based on nine qualitative, semi-structured interviews. The study will address the child's best interests, parental ability and risks for the child. The result shows that the term "best interests of the child" is difficult to define, but that the family secretaries look to the child's vulnerable situation. Research and study results indicate that children in child custody disputes are in a vulnerable situation and victims of parental conflict. The result shows that family secretaries see that parents in a custody dispute show a lack of parental ability compared to parents who are not in custody disputes and therefore cannot meet the child's need for security and stability. In the discussion, the results of the study are linked to previous research as well as system theory and action theory. It turns out that the system theory can be seen as a starting point in the work of family secretaries, even if it is not expressed as such. It shows that family secretaries feel freedom in their room for maneuver and that they carry out targeted actions.

No description available.

Esta pesquisa objetivou estudar o princípio do melhor interesse da criança tanto em seu viés teórico quanto prático, na tentativa de se concluir se é possível ou não adotar-se critérios predeterminados para serem seguidos na tomada de decisões em questões envolvendo crianças e adolescentes. Na primeira parte, teórica, estudou-se o conteúdo do melhor interesse, e se poderia ele ser entendido como regra de interpretação, direito fundamental ou princípio. Já a segunda parte, prática, buscou analisar como os tribunais vêm decidindo algumas questões que resvalam no melhor interesse. Para tal, alguns institutos foram selecionados (guarda, adoção, parto anônimo, visitas e educação). A análise da guarda passou pela sua diferenciação entre colocação em família substituta e atribuição a um dos pais em caso de separação. Discutiu-se a possibilidade de atribuição a terceira pessoa e de imposição da modalidade compartilhada. Estudou-se o direito de visitas para o caso de a guarda ter sido atribuída a somente um dos pais. Estendeu-se a pesquisa para a hipótese de garantir-se esse direito a amigos, padrastos, madrastas e padrinhos. A adoção foi estudada nas modalidades à brasileira, intuitu personae e internacional. Ainda, analisou-se a possibilidade de adoção por casal homoafetivo. Embora inexistente no direito brasileiro, o parto anônimo foi analisado para se observar se viável e necessário em nosso ordenamento. Por fim, estudou-se o direito à educação, realçando-se alguns aspectos como a possibilidade de o ensino ser realizado fora de estabelecimentos oficiais, transporte de crianças até suas escolas e a possibilidade de exigirem-se vagas em creches. / This research aimed to study the principle of the best interest of the child, both in theory and in practice, in an attempt to conclude whether it is possible or not to adopt predetermined criteria to be followed in making decisions on issues involving children and adolescents. In the first part, theoretical, the content of the best interest was studied, as well as the possibility of understanding it as a rule of interpretation, fundamental right or principle. The second part, practical, sought to analyze how the courts have been deciding issues involving the best interest. In doing so, some institutes were selected (guardianship, adoption, anonymous childbirth, visits and education). The analysis of the guardianship passed by differentiating between placement in foster family and its assignment to one of the parents in case of separation. The possibility of assigning it to a third person and the imposition of shared custody were discussed. The visitation rights in case when the custody has been awarded to only one parent was studied. The research was extended to the hypothesis of granting this right to friends, stepfathers, stepmothers and godfathers or godmothers. The research studied Brazilian, intuitu personae and international adoptions, as well as the possibility of adoption by homosexual couples. Although non-existing under Brazilian law, the anonymous childbirth was analyzed to observe if it is viable and needed in our system. Finally, the right of education was studied, and aspects such as the possibility of homeschooling, transportation of children to their schools and the requiring of vacancies in childcare facilities were highlighted.

Tropical regions hold the planet´s most biodiverse ecosystems. Despite its importance to biodiversity and conservation, anthropogenic activities are degrading these ecosystems, with unknown consequences for its functioning and structure. In between the several ecosystems through the tropics, freshwater ecosystems call attention, due to its small fraction of area comparing to terrestrial ecosystems, that represent an enormous importance for human surviving and developing. Headwater streams constitute the majority of water bodies in a catchment, and therefore, it is essential for the health of the entire freshwater ecosystems. Several headwater streams are inserted in agricultural lands, suffering from the pressures from agricultural intensification. Therefore, this thesis was developed aiming to understand what are the main pressures that tropical headwater streams has been suffering, worldwide and locally in the Corumbataí river basin. The first chapter will contribute to understanding what are the main issues that tropical streams have been experiencing, focusing on agricultural multiple stressors and climate change effects. The second chapter analyzes how the conversion of low-intensity pasturelands to high-intensity bioenergy crops changes the water quality parameters in streams located in the Corumbataí river basin and also examines how important are the riparian forests in the headwater zone to provide better water quality in bioenergy crops. The third chapter investigates how water quality and climatic characteristics affect benthic biofilm community dynamics in tropical headwater streams in the Corumbataí river basin. The results have shown the existence of several knowledge gaps about tropical streams, mainly related to the effects of climate change, multiple stressors and the lack of policies and mitigation strategies for climate change. In relation to water quality, we found that the conversion of low-intensity pastures to high-intensity bioenergy crops are degrading water quality. Riparian forests in the springhead zone have demonstrated to be essential in providing water quality in bioenergy crops, especially in the wet season. The benthic biofilm community seems to be controlled mainly by climate characteristics and not by nutrient availability as observed in temperate streams. Therefore, a climate change scenario, the benthic biofilm will be strongly affected, with consequences in the functioning of tropical headwater streams. To reduce the negative impacts of intensive agriculture and climate change, we recommend the implementation of riparian forests, with special attention to the springhead area and also the implementation of best agricultural practices in tropical agriculture to ensure the sustainability of tropical freshwater resources. / As regiões tropicais possuem os ecossistemas mais biodiversos do planeta. Apesar da sua importância na manutenção da biodiversidade, as atividades antrópicas estão degradando esses ecossistemas, gerando consequências negativas para sua estrutura e funcionamento. Entre os diversos ecossistemas tropicais, as águas doces chamam a atenção por ocupar uma pequena área em comparação com ecossistemas terrestres, porém, representam grande importância para a sobrevivência e desenvolvimento humano. Os riachos de cabeceira representam a maior parte dos corpos aquáticos em uma microbacia e, portanto, sua conservação é essencial para a saúde de toda a rede de drenagem de água doce. Diversos riachos de cabeceira estão inseridos em ecossistemas agrícolas, sofrendo as consequências da agricultura intensiva. Nesse sentido, esta tese foi desenvolvida com o intuito de entender quais são os principais impactos que os riachos de cabeceira tropicais vêm sofrendo, globalmente e localmente na bacia do rio Corumbataí (SP, Brasil). O primeiro capítulo contribui para entender quais os principais problemas que riachos tropicas estão sofrendo, focando nos múltiplos estressores advindos da agricultura e efeitos de mudanças climáticas. O segundo capítulo analisa como a conversão de pastos para cultivo de cana de açúcar modifica a qualidade da água em riachos da bacia do rio Corumbataí e também analisa o quão fundamentais são as florestas nas áreas de nascente para manter a qualidade da água em plantios de cana de açúcar. O terceiro capítulo analisa como a qualidade da água e características climáticas influenciam biofilmes bentônicos em riachos de cabeceira na bacia do rio Corumbataí. Os resultados demonstraram a existência de diversos tópicos que necessitam de maior entendimento, principalmente relacionados às mudanças climáticas e estressores múltiplos e a falta de políticas e estratégias de mitigação para os efeitos de mudanças climáticas. Em relação à qualidade da água, demonstrou-se que a conversão de pastos para cultivo de cana de açúcar reduz a qualidade da água. A presença de florestas nas nascentes demonstrou ser essencial na manutenção da qualidade da água em plantios de cana. Os biofilmes bentônicos demonstraram ser controlados principalmente por características sazonais e não pela disponibilidade de nutrientes como observado em riachos temperados. Portanto, essa comunidade será severamente afetada diante das mudanças climáticas, com consequências no funcionamento de riachos de cabeceira tropicais. Para reduzir os efeitos negativos da agricultura intensiva e das mudanças climáticas, recomenda-se a implementação de florestas ripárias, com especial atenção às áreas de nascentes. Também se recomenda a implementação de boas práticas agrícolas na agricultura para garantir a sustentabilidade dos recursos hídricos tropicais.

O objeto da dissertação é o estudo de uma classificação das obrigações entre aquelas de meios e as de resultado, as primeiras obrigando o devedor a uma prestação de diligência, as segundas, à realização de uma vantagem para o credor, sem o que não haveria o devedor de exonerar-se. Um estudo histórico abre o trabalho, pesquisando os antecedentes remotos da distinção, até a sua consagração, no Traité de René Demogue, o que tornou famosa a distinção que passou a gerar profundas discussões doutrinárias na França e no resto do mundo. São também tratados os antecedentes mais recentes, o contexto histórico do surgimento da classificação e sua evolução sucessiva, tanto na França quanto em outros países, para, enumeradas algumas das muitas dificuldades envolvidas no estudo do tema, ainda hoje severamente combatido, pesquisar-se, do ponto de vista da estrutura do vínculo obrigacional, como esta classificação se relaciona com a prestação devida. Assim, acredita-se, seria possível dizer se, uma vez que todo vínculo obrigacional surge tendo em vista um resultado, a prestação obrigacional admite uma distinção entre aquelas que implicam uma atividade do devedor limitada por sua diligência (obrigação de meios) e aquelas que somente conduzem a obrigação a seu termo mediante cumprimento uma vez realizado um resultado, ou seja, desde que produzido um benefício específico para o credor (obrigações de resultado). / The purpose of the dissertation is to study the classification of obligations in the ones so called best efforts duty and those referred to as duty to achieve a result, the first imposing to the debtor the duty to act diligently, the second attain a certain benefit to the creditor, without which the debtor would never be exonerated. A historical study initiates the dissertation with the research of the remote antecedents of such classification until its public recognition through the Traité written by René Demogue, which brought it great fame and created deep debates both in France and throughout the world. The recent antecedents of the classification are also pointed out, the historical context of its emergence and successive evolution in France and in other countries, to, after listing some of the many difficulties involved in the study of such subject, strongly criticized even nowadays, research through the scope of the legal relationship how the classification would relate with the duties imposed to the debtor. In doing so, it is believed to be possible to say, since every legal duty emerges to accomplish a certain objective, if would be possible to admit a distinction between duties that imply a conduct limited by diligence (best efforts duty) and those that would only be extinguished by the fulfillment of its purpose, in other words, since a specific result is produce and delivered to the creditor (duty to achieve a result).

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-01T21:44:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 04.pdf: 987085 bytes, checksum: 5e83014e7f6de1b89fee3dfe237e14d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-01T21:44:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 04.pdf: 987085 bytes, checksum: 5e83014e7f6de1b89fee3dfe237e14d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-09 / Nenhuma / Um olhar crítico no teor das publicações da revista Você S/A – Exame em suas edições especiais apresentando anualmente as “150 Melhores Empresas Para Você Trabalhar”, fomenta questionamentos explícitos e implícitos. Isso se deve ao fato de que tais publicações elencam dados sobre empresas que espontaneamente querem participar do processo para classificação no ranking sem, entretanto, tornar transparente dados que sustentem premissas publicadas a respeito destas. O processo ocorre através de um questionário feito aos funcionários e outro as empresas e dados fornecidos por um book de evidências relatando o que as empresas oferecem a seus funcionários. Em 2006 foram criados os itens satisfação e motivação inseridos em “o que os funcionários dizem”, mantendo-se presente até a atualidade, porém, em uma única contextualização, “estão satisfeitos e motivados”. De acordo com a Você S/A – Edição Especial (2010), após o acréscimo deste item é pelo quarto ano seguido que a média da rentabilidade sobre o patrimônio líquido das 150 melhores empresas supera à média das 500 companhias listadas no anuário Melhores e Maiores. A referência ao que é rentável ou rentabilidade provoca um pouco mais, aludindo para o desempenho econômico superior de empresas presentes no ranking das 150 melhores empresas. Portanto inevitavelmente tornou-se objetivo desta pesquisa detectar possíveis relações entre motivação, satisfação e o desempenho econômico superior das empresas. Assim emerge o problema de pesquisa da presente dissertação: “Existe relação entre o desempenho econômico e a definição das 150 Melhores Empresas Para Você Trabalhar, selecionadas para o ranking da revista Você S/A – Exame?” Para este trabalho, elegem-se o RSPL, Margem Líquida e Ebitda/Lucro Líquido como indicadores dependentes com o intuito de aferição do desempenho econômico das empresas. Nesta pesquisa, a amostra totaliza 452 empresas em um período de cinco anos, de 2006 a 2010 totalizando 2260 observações. Foi utilizado o modelo de regressão com dados em painel, valendo-se dos dados disponíveis no website do ranking das Melhores e Maiores. Sugere-se que a gestão de RH e outros recursos motivadores não possuem influência no desempenho organizacional e econômico das empresas listadas entre as 150 Melhores Empresas Para Você Trabalhar. Ou seja, pelos modelos testados não foi identificada qualquer diferença no retorno econômico entre as empresas classificadas como as melhores para trabalhar e as demais, sendo as empresas que não constam no ranking da Você S/A, mas que fazem parte da amostra por disponibilizarem seus dados contábeis no website das Melhores e Maiores que serviu para o presente trabalho como base de dados. / A critical look at the content of the publications Special Editions of Você S/A – Exame magazine that present the “150 Best Companies to Work” raise explicit and implicit questions. That is due to the fact that these publications list data on companies which are willing to participate on the classification process of the ranking, but without showing transparent information that support published assumptions regarding these companies. The process includes questionnaires applied to employees and companies, as well as data provided by an evidence book which reports what companies offer to the employees. In 2006, satisfaction and motivation items were created and inserted in “what employees say”, but only in the context of “satisfied and motivated”. According to Você S/A – Special Edition (2010), after the addition of such item, the average profitability of net assets of the 150 best companies surpasses the average of the 500 companies listed in the “Best and Greatest” yearbook for four years in a role. The reference to profitability or to what is profitable provokes even more when an allusion to the superior economic performance of companies in the 150 best companies ranking is made. Therefore, the aim of this study is inevitably at detecting possible relations between motivation, satisfaction and superior economic performance of the companies. Thus, the research problem is represented by the following question: Is there a relation between economic performance and the definition of the 150 Best Companies to Work selected by the ranking of Você S/A – Exame magazine? For this study, RSPL, net margin and ebitda/net were elected as dependant indicators in order to assess the economic performance of the companies. The sample comprises 452 companies in a period of five years, from 2006 to 2010, totalizing 2260 observations. A panel data regression model was used, analyzing data available on the Best and Greatest ranking website. Human resource management (HR) and other motivating resources may not influence the organizational and economic performance of the companies listed in the 150 Best Companies to Work. In other words, the models tested have not identified any profit difference between the companies classified as the best to work and the other companies that are not in Você S/A ranking, but which are available in the accounting data of the Best and Greatest website and were included in the study sample.

In 2011, the Deep River Portage-Burns Waterway Watershed was identified as a priority in the Northwest Indiana watershed management framework by the Northwester Indiana Regional Planning Committee. 319 grant cost-share programs were initiated in effort of maintaining and restoring the health of Deep River Portage-Burns Waterway Watershed. A watershed management plans have been developed for this watershed which proposed the implementation of vegetated filter strips (VFS) as an option. In this thesis work, the effectiveness of VFS as a best management practice (BMP) for the Deep River system was evaluated using a hydrological model scheme. <div><br></div><div>In this research, a Nonpoint Source Pollution and Erosion Comparison Tool (NSPECT) model and a Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model were constructed with required watershed characteristic data and climate data. The initial hydrologic and nutrient parameters of the SWAT model were further calibrated using SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Programs (SWAT_CUP) with historical flow and nutrient data in a two-stage calibration process. The calibrated parameters were validated to accurately simulate the field condition and preserved in SWAT model for effectiveness analysis of BMP implementations. </div><div><br></div><div>To evaluate the effectiveness of VFS as a BMP, four different scenarios of VFS implementations along the Turkey Creek was simulated with the calibrated SWAT model. With the implementation of VFS in the tributary subbasin of Turkey Creek, the annual total phosphorus (TP) of the VFS implemented subbasin was reduced by 1.60% to 78.95% and the annual TP of downstream subbasins were reduced by 0.09% to 55.42%. Daily percentage of TP reductions ranged from 0% to 90.3% on the VFS implemented subbasin. Annual TP reductions of the four scenarios ranged from 28.11 kg to 465.01 kg.<br></div>