Pastaraisiais metais Lietuvos žiniasklaidoje netyla kalbos apie šalį apėmusią ekonominę krizę. Vis dažniau prisimenama ir Pasaulinė ekonominė krizė, kuri siautė visame pasaulyje 1929–1933 metais. Ši ekonominė krizė dar vadinama Didžiąja depresija. Šiai krizei gilumu bei platumu neprilygsta nei viena iki šiol buvusi ekonominė krizė. Šiame darbe yra nagrinėjama kaip Pasaulinė ekonominė krizė paveikė Lietuvos ūkį bei kokią ekonominę politiką vykdė Lietuvos vyriausybė siekdama ją įveikti. Ši tema yra aktuali tuo, kad šiuo metu vėl siaučiant jau antrai Pasaulinei ekonominei krizei, yra svarbu žinoti, kaip ankstensė ekonominė krizė paveikė Lietuvą ir kokių priemonių buvo imtasi jai likviduoti. Rašant šį darbą buvo naudotas mokslinės literatūros ir šaltinių analizės bei lyginamasis metodas. Tiriant šią temą, buvo atskleista kaip stipriai Pasaulinė ekonominė krizė paveikė Lietuvos ūkį, buvo gilinamasi į jos poveikį atskiroms ūkio šakoms, taip pat ir į krizės poveikį Lietuvos gyventojams. Be to, darbe yra tiriama Lietuvos ekonominė politika, taip pat ieškomi bendrumai ir skirtumai tarp Lietuvos Vyriausybės vykdomos ekonominės politikos ir užsienio kraštų vykdomos ekonomines politikos. Baigus tyrimą paaiškėjo, kad Pasaulinė ekonominė krizė palietė Lietuvos ūkį taip pat, kaip ir kitas valstybės, tačiau Lietuvoje ji turėjo ir savų išskirtinumų. Kovojant su krize, Lietuvos valstybė neišsiskyrė stipriai iš kitų pasaulio valstybių vykdoma ekonomine politika. Ji ėjo tuo pačiu ekonominės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In recent years the media of Lithuania keep talking about the country covered economic crisis. It is often remembered the Global Economic Crisis, which was raging around the world in 1929-1933. The latter economic crisis is known as the Great Depression. In this topic is researched the impact of the Global Economic Crisis on the economy of Lithuania and what economic policy was executed in order to overcome the crisis. In these days, when the second Global Economic Crisis is raging, it is important to know how the previous economic crisis affected Lithuania and what measures had been taken in order to overcome it. While writing this work were used the scientific literature, analysis of sources and comparative method. Doing the research of this topic was revealed how strongly The Global Economic Crisis has affected the economy of Lithuania, also the impact of crisis on different industries and population of Lithuania. Moreover, in this work was researched the economic policy of Lithuania, looked for similarities and differencies between the government of Lithuania implemented economic policy and foreign countries implemented economic policy. The research revealed that the Global Economic Crisis has affected the economy of Lithuania as well as the economy of other states, however the crisis in Lithuania had its own features. Overcoming the crisis Lithuania with its implemented economic policy did not distinguish heavily from other countries of the world. Its way of economic... [to full text]

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This study deals with empirical collection and analysis regarding terrorist attacks in Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain during the Economic crisis and the effects of the economic crisis on certain types of terrorist groups. The aim of the study is to contribute empirically to the “root causes” debate within Terrorism studies. It also contributes by making certain adjustments to existing categorisation of terrorist groups. The research methods used are both quantitative and qualitative and the research strategy is of a hypothetical-deductive nature. Findings conclude that the Puritanical Anarchist type of terrorism has seen an increase during the crisis, but only the Social Revolutionary type shows a propensity for using the crisis as a reason behind attacks. The study contributes to the barren empirical and theoretical landscape within Root causes.

Ekonominė krizė atnešė sunkius laikus į įvairias rinkas, vartotojai perka tik produktus su ypatingais pasiūlymais ir nepastebi prekės ženklo ar jo žinutės vartotojams. Ekonominio nuosmukio metu, marketingo strategijos ir atitinkami veiksmai prekinio ženklo atžvilgiu turėtų būti stiprūs, pasiekti kiekvieną vartotoją, ypač tuos, kurių sumažėję pajamos. Darbe analizuojami veiksniai, turintys įtakos šokolado plytelių prekių ženklų pozicijoms rinkoje. Taip pat stengiamasi suprasti, kas skatina vartotojus pirkti atitinkamą prekės ženklą. Ką galima padaryti šiandien, kai prekės ženklai susiduria su ekonominiais, konkurenciniais iššūkiais. Pirmoje darbo dalyje – susisteminta, palyginta bei išanalizuota užsienio ir lietuvių šaltiniuose publikuojama medžiaga apie prekės ženklą, jo valdymo teorijas, modelius, strategijas, jų reikšmę. Antroje dalyje pateikiamas teorinis modelis ir pagrindžiamas tyrimo aktualumas bei apžvelgiamas temos ištyrimo lygis. Trečioje dalyje išanalizuoti atlikti trys tyrimai: įmonės stratego giluminis interviu, kurio metu aptariami strateginiai modelio aspektai, marketingo ir prekybos specialistų apklausa, kurios pagalba išsiaiškinama krizės poveikis korporaciniams ištekliams bei taktiniai sprendimai, norint pasiekti įmonės tikslus krizės metu. Taip pat šokolado plytelių vartotojų apklausa tam, kad nustatyti prekės ženklų strategijų adaptacijų pastebimumą bei nustatyti pačias patraukliausias vartotojui. / This master work examines brand strategy adaptation during economic crisis for chocolate tablets in Lithuania. Objective of master‘s work is to study theoretical studies of brand strategy adaptation during economic crisis and to check empirically hypotheses from theoretical part for chocolate tablets branch in Lithuania. The master works contains of three main parts. The first part of master work includes theoretical analysis of brand, brand management, brand strategy and brand strategy adaptations during economic crisis. The second part of the master work includes theoretical brand strategy adaptation model, methodical rules and empirical research, task, purposes and the suggestions of the research. The third part of the masters consists of research analysis of the qualitative study with corporate strategist and two quantitative data results, one with marketing and sales specialists, another with chocolate tablet users. Also includes result analysis of each study and model development after results.

Η εργασία που ακολουθεί εξετάζει την χρησιμότητα και την έκταση χρήσης του οικονομικού προγραµµατισµού σε περιόδους χρηματοοικονομικής κρίσης, στον Ελληνικό Τραπεζικό κλάδο. Η έρευνα πραγματοποιήθηκε χρησιμοποιώντας βιβλιογραφική επισκόπηση και συλλέγοντας στοιχεία και ευρήματα κατόπιν έρευνας, ενώ για την πληρέστερη ενημέρωση και κατανόηση του θέματος από τον συγγραφέα, πραγματοποιήθηκαν και κάποιες προσωπικές συναντήσεις του ιδίου με στελέχη του Τραπεζικού κλάδου, προκειμένου να προκύψουν κάποια ποιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά που βοήθησαν στην ποικιλομορφία και ευρύτητα της έρευνας. Από την έρευνα προκύπτουν σημαντικά συµπεράσµατα εκ των οποίων τα κυριότερα είναι ότι οι Ελληνικές τράπεζες ακολουθούν γενικότερα διαδικασίες budgeting, η διαδικασία του οικονομικού προγραμματισμού χαρακτηρίζεται εξαιρετικά κρίσιμη ιδιαίτερα σε περιόδους σφοδρής χρηματοοικονομικής κρίσης όπως αυτή που διανύουμε. Ο ρόλος των τµηµάτων και των υπευθύνων της διαδικασίας αποκτά ολοένα μεγαλύτερη σημασία, καθώς οι τράπεζες κατευθύνουν την διαδικασία προς επιθυμητά επίπεδα όγκων και εσόδων για τα οποία έχουν δεσμευτεί στους μετόχους. Ακόμη οι σημαντικότεροι στόχοι της διαδικασίας είναι η πρόβλεψη των μεγεθών και η αύξηση της αποτελεσματικότητας των τραπεζών, όπως και ότι τα budgets µε τον τρόπο που καταρτίζονται αποτελούν το ιδανικό εργαλείο για επικοινωνία του οράματος της διοίκησης σε όλα τα επίπεδα του χρηματοπιστωτικού ιδρύματος. Η σημαντικότητα της μελέτης αυτής έγκειται κυρίως στο γεγονός ότι εξετάζεται ένας συγκεκριμένος κλάδος της Ελληνικής οικονομίας και η διαδικασία του budgeting μέσα σε αυτόν τον κλάδο. Το budgeting στο τραπεζικό χώρο δεν έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί ιδιαίτερα και με την παρούσα εργασία δίδεται κάποια έμφαση στο συγκεκριμένο αντικείμενο εξέτασης. Οι πληροφορίες, οι οποίες παρατίθενται είναι σημαντικές και δίνουν το έναυσμα για περαιτέρω διερεύνηση. Το τελευταίο διάστημα στο παγκόσμιο χρηματοοικονομικό σύστημα παρατηρείται η εξέλιξη μιας χρηματοοικονομικής κρίσης, της οποίας οι προεκτάσεις δεν έχουν ακόμα καθορισθεί. / The work that follows examines the usefulness and the extent of use of financial budgeting in periods of financial crisis, in the Greek Banking sector. The research was completed by using bibliographic review and by collecting elements and discoveries, while for the more complete briefing and understanding of the subject certain personal meetings took place with executives of the Greek Banking sector in order to obtain certain qualitative information that helped in the diversity and broadness of this research. The research showed considerable evidence and the most important is that the Greek banks generally follow processes of budgeting. The process of financial planning is extremely critical particularly in periods of intense financing crisis as the current one. The role of branches and the employees in charge of the process obtains significant importance, while the banks direct the process to desirable levels of volumes and income for which they have been committed to the shareholders. In addition the more important objectives of the procedure are the forecast of sizes and the increase of effectiveness of banks, as well as the way that budgets are used constitutes the ideal tool for the communication of the administration’s vision to all levels of financial institutions. The importance of this study lies mainly in the fact that a particular sector of the Greek economy is examined as well as the process of budgeting in this branch. Budgeting in the banking field has not been extensively used and with this present places additional emphasis in the particular object of examination. The information mentioned is important gives the spark for further investigation. Nowadays a development of economical crisis is observed the extensions of which still have not been determined.

Στην παρούσα εργασία μελετώνται οι θεωρίες της διοίκησης και πως αυτές επιδρούν στην οικονομική ανάπτυξη ή την ανάσχεση των κρίσεων. Παρουσιάζονται αναλυτικά κάποιες σημαντικές θεωρίες της ιστορίας της διοίκησης καθώς επίσης παρουσιάζονται κατηγοριοποιήσεις των θεωριών αυτών. Παράλληλα μελετάται η οικονομική ανάπτυξη και η οικονομική κρίση υπό τη θεωρία του μειωμένου ποσοστού κέρδους (Μαρξιστική θεωρία) εξετάζοντας δύο πολύ σημαντικές κρίσεις, αυτή του 1929 και αυτή του 1973. Τέλος, παρουσιάζεται η κατηγοριοποίηση του συγγραφέα με βάση την προηγηθείσα μελέτη. / In present thesis are examining important theories of management and in which way they affect economic development or restrain economic crisis. They are presented analytically, some important theories of management history, some classifications of these theories are presented also. Additionally, is studied economic development and economic crisis under the perspective of Marxist theory, the theory of decreased rate of profit, by examining two of the most important crisis, the crisis of 1929 and the crisis of 1973. Finally, is presented the writer's classification according to the preceding study.

This paper examines the effects of the Global Financial Crisis on the relationship between unemployment and inflation rate through the Phillips Curve in five Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, from 1999 to 2016. The Nordic countries are quite unique in the world, as they are all economically and culturally connected to each other, which allows us to analyse how the crisis affected them differently. The foundation of our research is the Phillips Curve, which shows an inverse relationship between unemployment and inflation. By using the two-way fixed effects model, we have investigated whether the Phillips Curve and the relationship still holds during the time of the crisis for the Nordic countries. The results have shown that the relationship has changed during the crisis period, which might be due to the unemployment shock and the low targeted inflation rate.

O cenário competitivo pelo qual atravessam as organizações empresariais tem exigido delas uma melhoria constante dos seus processos e isso implica necessariamente na busca pelo aumento da produtividade e otimização dos custos, sem comprometer o nível de qualidade de produtos e serviços. Em um cenário de crise econômico-financeira internacional, um planejamento que resultou na definição e implementação de indicadores de desempenho foi utilizado para, além de controle de parâmetros definidos como importantes para a organização, promover a integração dos departamentos de produção e manutenção em uma planta química de gases industriais. Este trabalho apresenta uma nova abordagem no trabalho com indicadores já que busca minimizar os impactos de diversas disfunções organizacionais na empresa estudada, em um ambiente externo com forte restrição de recursos em função da crise. A integração das áreas de produção e manutenção sob uma única liderança exigiu uma aproximação maior entre os técnicos das duas diferentes áreas, assim como uma redefinição dos programas desenvolvidos e suas prioridades, onde o planejamento e a adoção de indicadores foram determinantes nesse processo de mudanças. Entre alguns dos resultados alcançados, destacaram-se o desenvolvimento e implantação de um programa de treinamento para a equipe de produção auxiliar na execução de atividades de manutenção preventiva e preditiva e a preparação dos colaboradores para o planejamento e melhoria contínua. O desenvolvimento de uma abordagem integradora com foco na busca da produtividade e do trabalho em equipe é uma contribuição importante desse trabalho que revelou ainda que em momentos difíceis como uma grande crise sistêmica, a concepção e implantação de indicadores de desempenho podem reverter expectativas de maus resultados. / The competitive scenario experienced by business organizations has been demanding a constant improvement of their processes and this necessarily requires the increased productivity and cost optimization without compromising the quality of products and services. With the international economic and financial crisis, a plan that resulted in the definition and implementation of performance indicators besides control parameters defined as important to the organization was also use to promoting the integration of maintenance and production departments in a chemical plant of industrial gases. This paper presents a new approach in working with performance indicators because was also seeking to minimize the impact of various organizational dysfunctions inside the company and those ones resulted from the resource constraints due to the crisis. The integration of the production and maintenance under one leadership demanded a closer contact between the team from different areas as well as a redefinition of its priorities and programs developed which the planning and adoption of indicators were very important in this process of change. Among some of the achievements the highlights were the development and implementation of a training program to assist the production team in carrying out activities of preventive and predictive maintenance and preparation of staff for planning and continuous improvement. The development of an integrated approach focusing on the pursuit of productivity and teamwork is an important contribution of this study revealed that even in difficult times as a major systemic crisis, the design and implementation of performance indicators can reverse expectations of poor results.

The thesis focuses on the analysis of managerial method applied to the specific project selected. The aim is to demonstrate the effectiveness of Design to cost method to reduce costs in selected business entity. Using analysis of statistical software has been verified effectiveness of this method. The author demonstrated a specific project cost savings of 17% (3,95 million CZK).

O cenário competitivo pelo qual atravessam as organizações empresariais tem exigido delas uma melhoria constante dos seus processos e isso implica necessariamente na busca pelo aumento da produtividade e otimização dos custos, sem comprometer o nível de qualidade de produtos e serviços. Em um cenário de crise econômico-financeira internacional, um planejamento que resultou na definição e implementação de indicadores de desempenho foi utilizado para, além de controle de parâmetros definidos como importantes para a organização, promover a integração dos departamentos de produção e manutenção em uma planta química de gases industriais. Este trabalho apresenta uma nova abordagem no trabalho com indicadores já que busca minimizar os impactos de diversas disfunções organizacionais na empresa estudada, em um ambiente externo com forte restrição de recursos em função da crise. A integração das áreas de produção e manutenção sob uma única liderança exigiu uma aproximação maior entre os técnicos das duas diferentes áreas, assim como uma redefinição dos programas desenvolvidos e suas prioridades, onde o planejamento e a adoção de indicadores foram determinantes nesse processo de mudanças. Entre alguns dos resultados alcançados, destacaram-se o desenvolvimento e implantação de um programa de treinamento para a equipe de produção auxiliar na execução de atividades de manutenção preventiva e preditiva e a preparação dos colaboradores para o planejamento e melhoria contínua. O desenvolvimento de uma abordagem integradora com foco na busca da produtividade e do trabalho em equipe é uma contribuição importante desse trabalho que revelou ainda que em momentos difíceis como uma grande crise sistêmica, a concepção e implantação de indicadores de desempenho podem reverter expectativas de maus resultados. / The competitive scenario experienced by business organizations has been demanding a constant improvement of their processes and this necessarily requires the increased productivity and cost optimization without compromising the quality of products and services. With the international economic and financial crisis, a plan that resulted in the definition and implementation of performance indicators besides control parameters defined as important to the organization was also use to promoting the integration of maintenance and production departments in a chemical plant of industrial gases. This paper presents a new approach in working with performance indicators because was also seeking to minimize the impact of various organizational dysfunctions inside the company and those ones resulted from the resource constraints due to the crisis. The integration of the production and maintenance under one leadership demanded a closer contact between the team from different areas as well as a redefinition of its priorities and programs developed which the planning and adoption of indicators were very important in this process of change. Among some of the achievements the highlights were the development and implementation of a training program to assist the production team in carrying out activities of preventive and predictive maintenance and preparation of staff for planning and continuous improvement. The development of an integrated approach focusing on the pursuit of productivity and teamwork is an important contribution of this study revealed that even in difficult times as a major systemic crisis, the design and implementation of performance indicators can reverse expectations of poor results.