The diploma thesis is focused on the education of pupils with mild mental disorders. The aim of the thesis is to find out what is the health literacy of pupils with mild mental disorders attending the second degree of elementary school. The theoretical part is devoted to the concept of health, health literacy, health education. It introduces health determinants and deals with health prevention. It further characterizes, defines, describes and classifies mental disorders and describes the educational and personality characteristics of pupils with mild mental disorders. It thoroughly describes educational specialization called health education. The practical part introduces goals of the diploma thesis. It contains a research survey which verifies the theoretical and practical knowledge of pupils in the educational specialization called health education. Research has confirmed that more than half of pupils have theoretical knowledge and apply them in practical life. The research was conducted in the form of an interview. At the end of the thesis there are recommendations for pedagogical practice. KEYWORDS Light mental disability, health literacy, teaching of health, basic education, education Area man and health, 2.stage of a primary school

The thesis is devoted to the issue of non-professional first aid provision. Everyone should have knowledge of first aid procedures, because in the Czech Republic there is a statutory duty to provide first aid. It is therefore necessary to start training as soon as possible, already in school-aged children. The thesis is focused on pupils of 8th grade of primary schools in České Budějovice and their knowledge of first aid. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part basic information on first aid is given. News and changes brought about by global directive in resuscitation Guidelines 2005. It also gives and account of individual diseases with brief descriptions, causes and emergency procedures. The last two chapters are focused on the Red Cross activities and first aid training in schools. The practical part examines the attitude of pupils to first-aid provision and their first aid knowledge. In this section, the following two objectives and hypotheses were stated: The first objective is to determine the pupils´ interest to get involved in first aid training. The other objective is to monitor the first aid knowledge and skills of primary school pupils before and after the training implementation. Hypothesis 1 assumes that primary school pupils are interested in obtaining information relating to first aid. The second hypothesis determines if the pupils´ awareness got improved after the training. To meet the goals of the thesis quantitative research was used. To pupils interested in the issue, professional instruction in first aid, led by a worker of the Red Cross in České Budějovice, was provided. Based on the pre and post test, a questionnaire survey was carried out when the pupils responded in writing to questions in two questionnaires. The first questionnaire contained 19 and the second 21 questions. Total 122 questionnaires were distributed. The goals of the thesis were met and after the questionnaires evaluation, both my hypothesis were confirmed. The research has shown the pupils' interest in the issue and a better understanding after the training. In order to improve basic first aid knowledge in primary school pupils it would certainly be beneficial to put emphasis on first aid training in schools.

Introdução: o Programa ATLS foi desenvolvido nos EUA na década de 70, visando estabelecer um método padronizado para avaliação e tratamento iniciais dos pacientes vítimas de trauma pelos médicos que trabalham nas unidades de emergência. Hoje, apesar do sucesso e de sua ampla disseminação internacional, os benefícios do Programa em relação à modificação dos índices de mortalidade das vítimas de trauma ainda não foram largamente comprovados. Objetivos: o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a efetividade do Programa ATLS no atendimento do traumatizado em cidade de pequeno porte do Brasil, analisando seu impacto sobre os índices de mortalidade, sobre o tempo de internação e sobre a realização de determinados procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos. Métodos: no período compreendido entre 01 de Janeiro de 2003 e 31 de Dezembro de 2005, foram analisados 240 pacientes, vítimas de trauma, atendidos em hospital universitário de cidade de pequeno porte no Brasil, com RTS \"Revised Trauma Score\" - Escore Revisado de Trauma <6,62, subdivididos em duas amostras: grupo pré-ATLS (120 pacientes) - quando não havia protocolo específico para atendimento ao trauma, e grupo pós-ATLS (120 pacientes) - após a implantação do programa. Resultados: Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na mortalidade, com redução média de 17% no grupo pós-ATLS. Também foi constatado, no grupo pós-ATLS, aumento estatisticamente significativo da mortalidade após 24 horas da chegada do paciente ao hospital. Quanto ao tempo de internação, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos. Conclusão: a implantação do programa ATLS reduziu o índice de mortalidade global atestando efetividade no atendimento ao trauma. / Introduction: the ATLS Program was developed in U.S.A. in the decade of 70, aiming to provide a standardized method for initial evaluation and management of the trauma patient for the doctors that work at the emergency room. Today, despite the success and of its ample international dissemination, the impact of the benefits of the Program on trauma care has not been wide scientifically proven. Objectives: the objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the ATLS Program in the management of trauma patients in a small size city of Brasil, studying the real impact on the mortality index, the time of hospital stay and the accomplishment of determined diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Methods: starting on January 01, 2003 and ending on December 31, 2005, 240 trauma victims were studied at the university hospital of a small size city of Brasil, with RTS (Revised Trauma Score) < 6.62, subdivided in two samples: group pre-ATLS (120 patients) - when there was no specific protocol for trauma care, and group post-ATLS (120 patients) - after the implementation of the program. Results: It had statistical significant difference in mortality, with average reduction of 17% in the group post-ATLS. Also it was evidenced, in the group after-ATLS, statistical significant increase of mortality after 24 hours of the arrival of the patient to the hospital. Concerning the length of hospital stay, there was no statistical significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: the implementation of the ATLS program reduced the index of global mortality certifying effectiveness in the management of the trauma patient.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:04:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Paula Silva.pdf: 412608 bytes, checksum: 02c73fcf3a074dfb7efce8bbb31e8cb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-25 / Teamwork is considered an essential tool in the process of improving health care, particularly emphasized in the Unique Health System guidelines as one of the axes that make it feasible the implementation of national health policy. It is a great challenge to both practitioners and managers, given its complexity. This is a descriptive exploratory study aimed at analyzing propelling and restrictive forces for nursing teamwork in an Adult Emergency and Urgency Unit of a public hospital through Kurt Lewin s approach. Mapping such forces enables managers to better deal with daily challenges, since they make it possible to categorize them into three related aspects: the SELF dimension- which includes personal factors, the OTHERincluding factors concerning interpersonal and ENVIRONMENTAL relations- which are part of elements not belonging to individuals, but to the environment. This is an investigation carried out in a school hospital located in the Midwestern Brazil, with 44 professionals taking part constituting the nursing team. Data was collected through questionnaire, submitted to content analysis process, categorized into dimensions previously defined. The outcomes showed balance in the teamwork forces domain, except concerning the ENVIRONMENTAL dimension, which result points to strong trends towards restrictive forces. The balance identified in the other dimensions signals that teamwork stagnation exists in the study group, which shows the need for interventions in order to stimulate and potentialize propelling forces and try to immobilize and transform restrictive forces. In the SELF dimension individual attributes, good relationship, friendship/love are seen as propelling forces, whereas individual limitations, absenteeism, health compromised, and technical competence limited are seen as restrictive ones. In the OTHER dimension, teamwork potential and force, active management posture and commitment/competence of both team and supportive areas are seen as propelling forces. As propelling forces in the same proportion relational limitation for teamwork and management posture which harm their work, as well as the harmed interpersonal relationship. Regarding the ENVIRONMENT, the propelling aspects are: proper setting and physical structure, efficient nursing records and integration between the clinical and supportive areas. Among restrictive aspects, dynamics and inadequate functioning of the unit, limited physical structure, shortage of material/equipment, and limited pharmacy service are highlighted. Identification of such factors shows that in the EUU there is a force field which needs to be developed towards teamwork, which may result in the betterment of quality of assistance and working conditions. For this reason, they need to be part of the institutional planning. Mapping such forces has enabled a concrete and objective view of the limitations and potential of the team studied, showing ways to orient changing processes. As a tool to be incorporated in the human resources management models for healthcare, this referential helps developing strategies to mobilize individual synergy and working teams, as well as with the elements favoring its effectiveness. / O trabalho em equipe é considerado ferramenta essencial no processo de melhoria da qualidade do trabalho em saúde sendo particularmente destacado nas diretrizes do SUS como um dos eixos que viabilizam a implementação da Política Nacional de Saúde. Constitui-se, portanto, em grande desafio aos profissionais e gestores, dado sua complexidade. Este estudo de natureza descritiva e exploratória teve como objetivo analisar as forças impulsoras e restritivas para trabalho em equipe de enfermagem em Unidade de Urgência e Emergência/Adulto de hospital público, por meio de aproximação ao referencial de Kurt Lewin. O mapeamento dessas forças oferece condições aos gestores para lidar melhor com desafios do dia-a-dia, pois viabiliza sua categorização em três aspectos relacionados à dimensão do EU que engloba fatores pessoais; do OUTRO que abrange fatores referentes às relações interpessoais e ao AMBIENTE - que compõe elementos não pertinentes às pessoas, mas ao ambiente. A investigação foi desenvolvida em hospital universitário, localizado na região Centro-Oeste, com participação de 44 profissionais que constituem a equipe de enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário, submetidos ao processo de análise de conteúdo e categorizados nas dimensões previamente definidas. Os resultados obtidos mostram equilíbrio no campo de forças para o trabalho em equipe, exceto no que diz respeito à dimensão do AMBIENTE, cujo resultado aponta tendência acentuada de forças restritivas. O equilíbrio identificado nas demais dimensões, sinaliza que há estagnação do trabalho em equipe no grupo estudado, o que aponta para necessidade de intervenções no sentido de estimular e potencializar forças impulsoras e buscar imobilizar e transformar forças restritivas. Na dimensão do EU destacam-se como impulsoras os atributos individuais, bom relacionamento, amizade/amor, e como restritivos as limitações individuais, absenteísmo, comprometimento da saúde e limitação da competência técnica. Na dimensão do OUTRO, força e potencial do trabalho da equipe, postura ativa da gerência e compromisso/competência da equipe e áreas de apoio são apontadas como forças impulsoras. São apontadas como forças impulsoras na mesma proporção as limitações relacionais para o trabalho em equipe e a postura gerencial que prejudica o trabalho, além do relacionamento interpessoal prejudicado. Com relação ao AMBIENTE, são aspectos impulsores o ambiente e estrutura física adequados, registros eficientes da enfermagem e integração com áreas de apoio e clinicas. Entre os restritivos destacam-se a dinâmica e funcionamento inadequado da unidade, limitações na estrutura física e falta de material/equipamentos e limitações no serviço de farmácia. A identificação destes fatores mostra que na UUE existe um campo de forças que precisa ser trabalhado em busca do desenvolvimento do trabalho em equipe. Isso poderá resultar na melhoria da qualidade da assistência e das condições de trabalho e, por essa razão precisam fazer parte do planejamento da instituição. O mapeamento dessas forças possibilitou uma visão objetiva e concreta das limitações e potenciais da equipe estudada, indicando caminhos que podem orientar processos de mudança. Como ferramenta para ser incorporada nos modelos de gestão de recursos humanos em saúde, esse referencial auxilia o desenvolvimento de estratégias para mobilizar sinergias individuais e coletivas, em direção ao trabalho em equipe, bem como para com os elementos que favoreçam sua efetividade.

The theme of this thesis is the Avalanche prevention course for High Schools. Thesis includes both theoretical and experimental part. The theoretical part mainly includes a description of various items used in the avalanche prevention courses. It also contains various methodological procedures, rules, strategy and analysis, which are used for such courses. The research part includes the avalanche prevention course for secondary schools proposal itself under the given conditions and next specifics. In partial steps thesis is mainly focused on proposed content, time allocation, methodical layout, capacity of the course and equipment needed for the implementation of the course.

À bord des aéronefs de transport commercial, lorsqu’un passager est victime d’un arrêt cardio-respiratoire, les membres d’équipage de cabine, appelés « PNC » (Personnel Navigant Commercial) dans la terminologie aéronautique, interviennent comme tout secouriste en initiant la chaîne de survie afin d’améliorer le pronostic vital de ce dernier. Dotés d’une formation très sérieuse et périodiquement mise à niveau, les PNC sont capables de prendre en charge des situations d’urgence médicales et de donner les premiers secours liés aux urgences potentielles, aux états de malaise, ainsi que ceux liés aux circonstances et à un environnement particulier. La réanimation cardio-pulmonaire, tâche exceptionnelle et rare en vol, génère le plus fréquemment des émotions négatives ainsi que du stress auprès des PNC. Cette recherche aborde le stress des membres d’équipage de cabine dans la prise en charge d’une réanimation cardio-pulmonaire en vol selon une approche psychologique et plus singulièrement celle en relation avec la théorie transactionnelle de Lazarus et Folkman (1984) dont l’évaluation cognitive et les « copings » des individus occupent une place centrale. Élaborée à partir d’un recueil de données construit par entretiens semi-directifs auprès d’un groupe de 32 PNC volontaires exerçant leur profession sur des aéronefs de petite capacité de transport passagers, elle se propose d’identifier les facteurs influençant le stress des PNC selon une perspective synchronique. Aussi, afin de cerner le plus d’explication possible de la variance du stress, nous avons pris en compte deux variables personnelles, l’expérience professionnelle et le lieu de contrôle des sujets. Les résultats indiquent que plusieurs facteurs peuvent prédire ou influencer l’état de stress des PNC. Ils montrent une relation significative entre le lieu de contrôle des sujets, l’évaluation cognitive de la situation aversive, le lieu de prise en charge de la victime en arrêt cardiaque et l’état de stress des PNC. Ainsi, les sujets « internalistes » évaluant la situation aversive comme un défi et développant des stratégies d’ajustement centrées sur les problèmes sont les moins stressés. Par ailleurs, le milieu aéronautique augmente l’état de stress des PNC en raison de la forte responsabilité morale envers la victime-passager, du confinement de la cabine, du délai de la mise en œuvre du quatrième maillon de la chaîne de survie ainsi que de la ressource sociale limitée en vol. Enfin, l’amélioration de la formation en premiers secours peut aider les PNC à mieux appréhender cette situation d’urgence en vol. / On board commercial transport aircraft when a passenger suffers from a cardiac arrest, the cabin crew members, called "PNC" (Personnel Navigant Commercial) in aviation terminology, act as any rescuer by initiating survival chain to improve the prognosis of the victim. With a very serious training and periodically upgrade, cabin crew members are able to handle medical emergencies and first-aid related to potential emergencies, discomfort states as well as those related to a circumstance and a particular environment. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, exceptional and rare task in flight, generates the most frequent negative emotions and stress from cabin crew members. This research deals with the stress of cabin crew members in the management of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation in flight using a psychological approach and particularly the related transactional theory of Lazarus and Folkman (1984) in which appraisal and coping are central. Developed from a data collection built by semi-structured interviews with a group of 32 cabin crew members volunteers flying on small passenger carrying capacity aircraft, it aims to identify the factors influencing their stress in a synchronic perspective. Also, in order to identify the most possible explanation for the variance of stress, we took into account both personal variables such as professional experience and locus of control of the subjects.The results indicate that several factors can predict or influence the cabin crew members’stress. They show a significant relationship between the subject’s locus of control, appraisal of aversive situation, place of management of the victim in cardiac arrest and the stress of the cabin crew members. Thus, « internalist » subjects who assess the situation as a challenge and develop strategies focused on the problems are less stressed. Furthermore, the aviation industry increases the stress state of the cabin crew because of the strong moral responsibility to the victim-passenger, confinement of the cabin, the period of the implementation of the fourth link in the chain of survival (medicalized CPR) and the limited social resource in flight. At last, the improvement of first-aid training can help cabin crew members to manage better this specific situation on board.

The purpose of this project was to develop an instructional manual on in-service education for Certified Nurses' Aides. It provides examples of classes for staff developers to use when teaching continuing education classes. Topics covered include caring for the elderly, Alzheimer's disease, infection control, adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and end of life care.

The Master´s thesis “Stress evaluation, coping and reduction” is dealing with a topic of work-related stress, which is very common at working places of many companies nowadays. The theoretical part is focused on definition of basic concepts of stress and common techniques of coping and reduction of stress. The practical part provides a measurement of certain level of work-related stress in Henkel Slovensko, spol. s r.o. company based on questionnaire survey. The conclusion of the thesis contains the recommendations focused on reduction of certain stress factors´ impact and precaution of formation of work-related stress.

This thesis is devoted to Topic: Knowledge level of first aid procedures among teachers of seleced primary schools in Karlovy Vary. In the theoretical part my focus is on the term pre- medical first aid, the principles of providing it, the legislation associated with first aid, mentioned are also the first-aider's safety, the principles of calling professional medical help, there are also the press line phone numbers stated. The thesis contains principles of first aid provided especially to children in selected injury and non-injury conditions. In practical part of this thesis I present quantitative research through questionnaire which was addressed to pedagogues of selected primary and secondary schools in Karlovy Vary. The data obtained were processed into graphs or tables. The main aim of this thesis was to discover the knowledge level of pre-medical first aid in teachers. The questionnaire evaluation suggests that the knowledge level of pre-medical first aid practices in by me selected teachers could be graded as B. It was discovered that the years of pedagogical experience in by me selected teachers might have an impact on the theoretical knowledge of providing pre-medical first aid. It is evident from my research that the best average grade for answering knowledge questions in questionnaire...

Die Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit der Unfallopfer nach Straßenverkehrsunfällen hängt von der Zeitspanne vom Unfall bis zur ersten suffizienten Hilfeleistung (therapiefreies Intervall) sowie von der Qualität der Erstversorgung ab. Das therapiefreie Intervall kann durch automatische Notrufsysteme (ACN) und suffiziente Laienhilfe verkürzt werden. In dieser Dissertation werden (1) Modelle zur Prognose der Verletzungsschwere von Fahrzeuginsassen für den Einsatz in erweiterten automatischen Notrufsystemen (AACN) entwickelt und (2) Anforderungen an Telemedizinsysteme zur Unterstützung von Laien bei der Durchführung von Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen untersucht. (1) Die Prognose der Verletzungsschwere ist für eine optimale Disposition der Rettungsmittel erforderlich. Auf der Basis der amerikanischen Unfalldatenbank NASS/ CDS und der deutschen Unfalldatenbank GIDAS werden Prognosemodelle mit multivariaten inferenzstatistischen Verfahren (decision tree, logistic regression) entwickelt, die Bedeutung einzelner Eingangsgrößen untersucht und die Leistungsfähigkeit der Modelle überprüft. Die Leistungsfähigkeit beider statistischen Verfahren stellt sich in ROC-Analysen als vergleichbar heraus. Mit den Prognosemodellen kann eine Dispositionsempfehlung erstellt werden, die heutigen Dispositionsentscheidungen auf der Grundlage eines Telefongesprächs mit dem Unfallmelder qualitativ entspricht. (2) Zur Entwicklung eines Telemedizinsystems für die Laienunterstützung wird untersucht, ob die telemedizinische Anleitung von Laien bei der Durchführung von Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen zu einer Erhöhung der Hilfsbereitschaft führt und welche Anforderungen ein Telemedizinsystem erfüllen muss. Dazu werden die am häufigsten indizierten Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen nach Verkehrsunfällen durch Auswertung der GIDAS-Datenbank identifiziert, der Stand der heutigen Laienhilfe analysiert, die erforderlichen Funktionen eines Telemedizinsystems abgeleitet und der Einfluss einer verbesserten Laienhilfe auf die Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit bestimmt. / The probability of survival of motor vehicle accident victims depends on two factors: the time interval between the accident and the initial provision of appropriate first-aid (therapy-free interval), and the quality of the first-aid treatment. The therapy-free interval can be shortened significantly by automatic crash notification systems (ACN) and by adequate bystander first aid. In this thesis, (1) models are developed for predicting the severity of injury of vehicle occupants for use in advanced automatic crash notification systems (AACN) and (2) requirements of telemedical bystander support systems are examined. (1) The prediction of the severity of injury is needed for optimal disposition of rescue services. Therefore, prediction models are developed on the basis of the American accident database NASS/ CDS and its German counterpart, GIDAS, using multivariate inference statistical procedures (decision tree, logistic regression). In addition, the importance of individual parameters and the efficiency of these models are investigated. The performance of the two statistical procedures proves to be equal by using the ROC analyses. The prediction models allow for recommendations of rescue services that correspond in quality to contemporary dispatching decisions for rescue services on the basis of a telephone call between the individual reporting the accident and a dispatcher. (2) Concerning the development of a telemedical bystander support system, the paper examines whether the availability of telemedical guidance leads to an increase in bystander willingness to provide first aid. In order to evaluate the requirements of a telemedical system, the most frequently indicated first-aid measures after traffic accidents are identified by evaluating the GIDAS database. Furthermore, the status of assistance currently offered by bystanders is analyzed, the necessary functions of a telemedical system are scrutinized, and the influence of improved bystander assistance on the probability of accident victims’ survival is determined.