Within the realm of artists' book works there are few that could not be said to display a fundamental concern with the physicality of the book. The mechanics of page turning are integrally implied in any artist's decision to utilise the book form. Indeed, artists' books emphasise the ability of book forms, and of text and language, to acquire meaning through form and structure alone. The physical and conceptual mechanics, or syntax, of the book - whose basis lies as much in the formal, functional dictates of the book's material characteristics, as in centuries of entrenched tradition in page layout and book design - affords a spatial, sculptural and temporal framework whose manipulation may be effortlessly and subconsciously 'read' by the viewer, according to their inherent understanding and appreciation of the form's conceptual function and operation. But while the structural connotations of the book suggest that special kind of decipherment known as 'reading', the broader associations of the book's mythic, iconic and historic symbolism may be equally unavoidable. The book works comprising the research that this paper accompanies therefore aim, on the one hand, to explore the formal, structural physicality and spatiality of the book as both a self-contained sculptural platform and as a particular sort of collection, or series, of visual imagery, while on the other hand, seeking to address the psychological form of the book as an iconic, symbolic object, and to simulate something of the character of the unique, precious and mythic books of the past. Thus it has been an attempt to deal with abstract notions of pattern and structure, as well as with the mental frameworks of association and connotation surrounding the visual modes adopted to represent these structures. The project presents an integrated and interrelated series of unique, hand-made book works that are about books - or perhaps a particular kind of 'bookishness' - a collection which aims to be physically very real, but at the same time completely mythical, and in whose volumes the common conceptual and aesthetic reference is the inherent, traditional austerity of the book page, and the simultaneous conceptual movement and structural dynamics of the mechanical book form.

Hendrik Hofmeyr is a prolific South African composer, who has written well over 150 works to date. Many of these compositions were commissioned for performers such as the British duo Nettle & Markham, the Hogarth Quartet and the Latvian youth choir Kamer. Sinfonia africana was composed in 2003, as a commissioned work for the Vriende van Afrikaans. Sinfonia africana is a large-scale work scored for solo soprano, choir and orchestra. It consists of three movements, each based on a different poem: The first movement is based on Marais’s Die Lied van Suid-Afrika, while the middle movement uses Opperman’s Gebed om die Gebeente, with the third movement concluding Sinfonia africana with van den Heever’s Afrika. Both the second and third movements of Sinfonia africana are related to earlier Hofmeyr compositions, namely the 1999 chamber work Gebed om die Gebeente and the 2001 choral work Afrika. This study aims to identify, analyse and discuss the basic elements of music found in the three movements of Sinfonia africana, as well as in Gebed om die Gebeente and Afrika. The various elements of music that constitute compositional and stylistic techniques are: text, structure, pitch, harmony, rhythm, texture, timbre, dynamics and articulation. These elements of music will be compared with each other in the various movements of Sinfonia africana, as well as in Gebed om die Gebeente and Afrika, to determine their contribution to Hofmeyr’s compositional and stylistic techniques as a whole. / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2015. / Music / Unrestricted

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The main purpose of this study is to survey and reach an understanding of how the practical work in psychiatry at times depart from the organization’s stated formal structure. To find the material that would give us the answers we read the organizations own documents about the formal structures form and also we had five interviews. All the tutors are involved in one way or another with the psychiatric and the forensic process. .Job titles vary in order to access information from different parts of the process and get multiple perspectives.  The data was analyzed with sociological concepts and a more comprehensive theory. Some of the concepts are “formal structure”, “cooperation”, "the relationship between freedom and constraint” and “gräsrotsbyråkrater”. The theory that we used to examine the material is W. Meyer and Rowans theory about how the formal structure of an organization and business is only a myth and ceremony.  The result of the study indicates that a plurality of elements has an impact on why the difference between the formal structure and the practical process exists. The loose constraint leads to a wider freedom of action that gives a varied embodiment within the different workgroups. It becomes a habitual pattern in the practical process and the looks of the formal structure is not a priority. The practical process is not aligned with the formal structure and that causes problems. The cooperation is affected negatively and becomes inexplicit and the workgroups can form how the duties are done instead of the organizational management plan (the formal structure). That brings the opportunity to decide and claim that the own group does it better so cooperation partners is excluded in the practical process, when they actually are supposed to be included according to the formal structure.

Análise dos dez Estudos para violão de Radamés Gnattali com ênfase no aspecto harmônico, utilizando as ferramentas analíticas desenvolvidas no século XX para tratar de procedimentos harmônicos não-tradicionais. Tem como objetivo compreender as estruturas sonoras, salientando questões como movimento harmônico, prolongamento harmônico e melódico, sonoridades octatônicas e de tons inteiros e forma. / Analysis of the ten Studies for guitar by Radamés Gnattali, emphasizing the harmonic aspect, using the analytical tools developed in the 20th century to treat non-traditional harmonic procedures. The objective is to understand the sound structures, highlighting issues such as harmonic movement, harmonic and melodic prolongation, octatonic and whole tone sonorities, and form.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Carlos A Mercon de Vargas.pdf: 2709564 bytes, checksum: 077ce454fba7c6f8a71bcc3e3e60cb27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-30 / This study aims to analyze the suspension of tax enforcement, discussed from a normative perspective. The method employed is the analytical-hermeneutics method, based on the premise that the law is constituted by language. For this reason, the work involves a syntactic, semantic and pragmatic analysis. The purpose is to comprehend the suspension of tax enforcement as a normative conditional proposition (i.e, as a formal structure). The antecedents of this proposition are the hypotheses listed in article 151, of the Brazilian Tax Code, and the consequent is the prohibition for the Tax Authority to collect tax credits. Furthermore, the paper also discusses the suspension norm s interactions among the other norms in the legal system, and how the sign-using agents of law deal with it. The work takes into consideration the complete formal structure of the legal norm (i.e., primary and secondary norms) / Esta pesquisa tem por objeto a suspensão da exigibilidade do crédito tributário. Investiga-se o fenômeno do ponto de vista normativo, utilizando-se do método analítico-hermenêutico, e partindo da premissa que o direito é constituído por linguagem. Por conta disso o estudo passa por uma análise sintática, semântica e pragmática. O objetivo é compreender a norma de suspensão como juízo hipotético condicional, em que o antecedente é umas das hipóteses previstas no art. 151, do CTN, e o consequente representa a proibição de que o sujeito ativo exerça a cobrança do crédito tributário perante o sujeito passivo. Além disso, também é estudado como essa norma interage com as demais no sistema, bem como os utentes da linguagem jurídica lidam com ela. Toda essa análise é feita levando em consideração a estrutura completa da norma jurídica (norma primária e norma secundária)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this multi-cases study was to analise the influence of formal structure in the emergence of Informal Social Networks in public and private organizations. The study was carried out in a public and a private school in order to determine the implications, attitudes, and behaviors of individuals inserted in the two contrasting situations. Regarding the nature of the investigation, this is a qualitative and quantitative research and the nature of the study outlines a descriptive approach. To define the organizational structure and the formal relationships of the schools we analyzed documents, performed interviews and made observations. For the mapping and characterization of Informal Social Networks of Information, Friendship and Trust, we used the questionnaire by Kuipers (1999) and Silva (2003), and results were obtained by Ucinet 6.0 software in parallel with NetDraw. Sixty-six employees of the public school were identified as types of flowers and seventy-three employees of the private school were called by names of Brazilian trees. In order to understand the reasons that justify the citation of a specific actor, a semi-structured interview based on Sozen (2012) was performed with all participants. The data analysis was divided into three categories: dependence, motives, and consequences of non-relationship. This way, we could observe the relationship between macro-structural and micro-behavioral power based on the counting of words using the NVivo and SAS softwares. Through the degree of centralization of Informal Social Networks it was possible to identify the central actors and their roles according to the classification of Cross and Prusak (2002). The main findings revealed that the networks of both schools analyzed showed a high potential for relationships to be developed. The size and density of the Informal Social Networks of Information and Trust were higher in the private school, whereas the Informal Social Networks of Friendship was higher in the public school. Although the public school used more informal contacts, the private school had a larger number of groups and cohesive subgroups. We, therefore, verified the influence of the formal structure in the formation of informal relationships, mainly in the private school; however, the strengthening of connections is not only sustained by the duties of the position, but also by the personal qualities of those actors. / O presente estudo de multicasos teve como objetivo analisar a influência da estrutura formal no surgimento de Redes Sociais Informais em organizações pública e privada. Optou-se pela pesquisa ser em escolas dos setores público e privado a fim de constatar as implicações, atitudes e condutas dos indivíduos inseridos nas duas situações contrastantes. Dessa forma, no que tange o caráter da investigação, trata-se de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa e quanto à natureza do estudo delineia uma abordagem descritiva. Para definir a estrutura organizacional e as relações formais das escolas foram utilizadas as análises de documentos, entrevistas e observações da pesquisadora. Para o mapeamento e caracterização das Redes Sociais Informais de Informação, Amizade e Confiança foi aplicado o questionário de Kuipers (1999) e Silva (2003), sendo os resultados obtidos pelo software Ucinet 6.0 em paralelo com o NetDraw, cujos sessenta e seis colaboradores da Escola Pública foram codificados por tipos de flores, e os setenta e três funcionários da Escola Privada denominados por árvores de nacionalidade brasileira. A fim de compreender as razões que justificam a citação de determinado ator, foi realizada entrevista semi-estruturada, baseada em Sozen (2012), com todos os participantes. A análise dos dados foi dividida em três categorias, sendo elas, dependência, motivos e consequências do não relacionamento, de modo a observar as relações de poder macro-estrutural e micro-comportamental existentes por meio da contagem de palavras por meio dos softwares NVivo e SAS. A partir dos graus de centralidades das Redes Sociais Informais identificaram-se os atores centrais e os papéis desempenhados de acordo com a classificação de Cross e Prusak (2002). Os principais resultados encontrados expõem que as redes das duas escolas analisadas denotam um alto potencial de relacionamento a ser desenvolvido. O tamanho e densidade das Redes Sociais Informais de Informação e Confiança foram maiores na Escola Privada, e a Rede Social Informal de Amizade foi superior na Escola Pública. Apesar de a Escola Pública utilizar mais contatos informais, a Escola Privada apresenta um maior número de grupos e subgrupos coesos. Confirma-se, portanto, a influência da estrutura formal na formação das relações informais, principalmente na Escola Privada, todavia, o fortalecimento dos laços não está sustentado apenas pelas atribuições do cargo, mas também pelas qualidades pessoais desses atores.

p. 1-251 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-03-19T18:28:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 333333.pdf: 6884318 bytes, checksum: 23244a948ddce56c0ba112daccf34bcf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima(tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2013-04-09T18:20:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 333333.pdf: 6884318 bytes, checksum: 23244a948ddce56c0ba112daccf34bcf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-09T18:20:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 333333.pdf: 6884318 bytes, checksum: 23244a948ddce56c0ba112daccf34bcf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / O presente trabalho relata a aplicação da base conceitual e metodológica dos estudos sobre redes sociais informais (RSI) para propor, acompanhar e avaliar experiências de mudança organizacional. O trabalho, desenvolvido em uma empresa baiana que atua na área de tecnologia da informação - com 12 anos de mercado e com cerca de 60 colaboradores diretos - envolveu três etapas que corresponderam a um experimento. Na primeira, foi aplicado um questionário, para mapear as redes sociais informais. Na segunda etapa, apoiado nas informações levantadas e com a utilização dos diagramas gerados pelo software UCINET 6.0, em uma pesquisa histórica investigativa da empresa e no perfil profissional dos colaboradores, um conjunto de intervenções foi planejado. Durante o período de 12 meses, esse conjunto de mudanças foi introduzido na empresa. Na terceira etapa, uma nova bateria de questionário foi aplicada, objetivando avaliar as mudanças introduzidas, seus impactos nas RSI e como tais redes poderiam ajudar a compreender as dificuldades, ritmos e resultados dos processos de mudança. Ficou evidente, na primeira etapa, que os mecanismos de desdobramento dos assuntos estratégicos e da implementação das mudanças organizacionais não vinham reverberando na intensidade necessária para envolver a empresa como um todo. Após as intervenções pudemos constatar que todas as RSI estudadas apresentaram aumento na densidade e diminuição na distância entre os atores, bem como uma maior percepção, entendimento e expectativas do cenário das mudanças organizacionais, por parte dos atores, quando comparamos os resultados das etapas. Enfim, o estudo aponta claramente como o conhecimento das RSI pode possibilitar uma maior eficácia nos processos de mudanças organizacionais, ao tempo em que fornece uma metodologia para vincular os estudos desses dois fenômenos organizacionais. / Salvador

Análise dos dez Estudos para violão de Radamés Gnattali com ênfase no aspecto harmônico, utilizando as ferramentas analíticas desenvolvidas no século XX para tratar de procedimentos harmônicos não-tradicionais. Tem como objetivo compreender as estruturas sonoras, salientando questões como movimento harmônico, prolongamento harmônico e melódico, sonoridades octatônicas e de tons inteiros e forma. / Analysis of the ten Studies for guitar by Radamés Gnattali, emphasizing the harmonic aspect, using the analytical tools developed in the 20th century to treat non-traditional harmonic procedures. The objective is to understand the sound structures, highlighting issues such as harmonic movement, harmonic and melodic prolongation, octatonic and whole tone sonorities, and form.

Ce travail porte sur la question de la verbalisation du récit dans sa structure formelle, par une approche philologique et narratologique, dans les textes royaux de la XXVe dynastie (dynastie couchite – 8e/7e s. avant notre ère), rédigés en égyptien de tradition. L’étude se fonde sur un corpus composé de 11 textes ayant comme caractéristiques d’être couchites, royaux, en égyptien de tradition, comportant des parties narratives, et suffisamment conservés. Parmi ceux-ci, l’on trouve la Stèle de la Victoire de Piânkhy (Caire JE 48862 ;JE 47086-47089) et la Stèle du Songe de Tanoutamon (Caire JE 48863). En outre, un corpus secondaire de 9 textes a été constitué dans une perspective synchronique et diachronique, avec par exemple les Annales d’Osorkon, ou encore les Annales de l’an 1-2 d’Irike-Amannote (Kawa IX), souverain de Couch postérieur à la XXVe dynastie. Pour répondre à la question de la structure formelle du récit, nous procédons en deux temps :d’abord par une étude des marqueurs narratifs (comme les auxiliaires séquentiels) ;puis par celle des structures et macrostructures du texte, en lien avec les séquences narratives ;enfin, par l’examen de facteurs influençant la verbalisation du récit. Dans la première partie, nous précisons dans une série de chapitres les formes et emplois des marqueurs narratifs (auxiliaires séquentiels, śpr pw ỉr.n⸗f, infinitifs narratifs, śḏm.ỉn⸗f, particules, dates, etc.). Pour chacun de ces marqueurs, nous faisons d’abord le point sur leurs formes et emplois en égyptien classique, néo-égyptien et égyptien de tradition, d’après les grandes synthèses grammaticales, avant de procéder à un examen systématique de leurs occurrences dans notre double corpus. En outre, précédant cette analyse, nous traitons de la situation linguistique à la XXVe dynastie (notamment la diglossie), et des caractéristiques de l’égyptien de tradition. Nous examinons également pour notre corpus principal la question de l’opposition des formes śḏm⸗f et śḏm.n⸗f. La seconde partie, qui s’appuie sur les marqueurs étudiés dans la première, traite des différents niveaux dans la structure générale du texte et du récit. Nous envisageons donc là les niveaux supérieurs à la proposition. Après des éléments théoriques sur la narration et sur la mise en récit de l’histoire, nous étudions le niveau séquentiel dans les récits du corpus, et mettons en évidence les structures épisodiques que l’on peut y trouver. Ensuite, nous examinons les éléments non-narratifs, descriptifs et dialogaux, et la façon dont ils intègrent ou sont intégrés dans les parties narratives. En nous appuyant sur les données de ces deux chapitres, nous envisageons alors les structures d’ordre supérieur à la séquence, pour remonter jusqu’au texte dans son ensemble. Enfin, pour montrer le lien entre la première et la deuxième partie, nous présentons la façon dont les marqueurs narratifs se spécialisent dans certains rôles dans la narration et la structuration du récit, et comment ils se hiérarchisent. Ce travail apporte donc une série de données sur la langue littéraire de la XXVe dynastie et ses caractéristiques, ainsi que sur la façon dont les rédacteurs recourent aux moyens linguistiques de l’égyptien de tradition pour organiser formellement leurs textes et transmettre, via le récit, l’histoire qu’ils voulaient communiquer. / Doctorat en Langues, lettres et traductologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished