Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:08:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Wildener_Monteiro.pdf: 504804 bytes, checksum: 182065e82ecb49614ac91a869030a772 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-10 / The goal of this dissertation is to make a methodological repetition of Duffy and Ochs's and Rouchier's works. Nonetheless, it tries to have a different focus. Among many theoreticaleconomical models which explain the emergence of money, there is one that distinguishes itself due to its simplicity, efficiency, and robustness: Kiyotaki-Wright's model. Therefore, some economists devoted themselves to apply this model in experiments with human beings and in computer simulations. Among those economists, Duffy and Ochs applied it later, correcting some flaws of the application process used by their predecessors. Duffy and Ochs's studies showed that Kiyotaki-Wright's model is actually valid for its purpose. However, besides all the efforts made, their agents were not able to achieve the foreseen equilibrium. In the same way, the French researcher Rouchier repeated methodologically the works of Duffy and Ochs while criticizing their implementation details. From this research, Rouchier creates other four sub-models in order to take her agents to the proposed equilibrium, obtaining partial success. In this dissertation, the computer system development platform is Swarm, especially created to multi-agent simulations and used, most of the time, in social and biological scope models. The agents' rationalization process is undertaken in trial and error way in accordance with the reinforcement learning technique, analyzing the answer given by the environment in each period. Finally, a new entity called Mediator is created to intermediate the relations between agents and mainly to pair them randomly. The obtained results are, in general, closer to the equilibrium when compared to the results of previous research. From them, some studies are made about the relation between the number of agents and the number of periods of simulation as values approximates the equilibrium. / O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma repetição metodológica dos trabalhos de Duffy, Ochs e Rouchier. Entretanto, ele possui um enfoque diferente. Dos vários modelos teóricoeconômicos que explicam o surgimento do dinheiro, um se destaca por sua simplicidade, eficiência e robustez: o modelo de Kiyotaki-Wright. Por este motivo, alguns economistas se propuseram a aplicar este modelo em experimentos com seres humanos e em simulações computacionais. Destes, Duffy e Ochs vieram pouco depois, corrigindo algumas falhas do processo de aplicação usado pelos que lhes antecederam. Os estudos de Duffy e Ochs mostraram que o modelo de Kiyotaki-Wright é realmente válido para aquilo a que se propõe. No entanto, apesar dos esforços empreendidos, seus agentes não conseguiram alcançar o equilíbrio previsto. Nesta mesma linha, a francesa Rouchier repetiu metodologicamente os trabalhos de Duffy e Ochs ao mesmo tempo em que criticava os detalhes de suas implementações. Ao aproveitar a pesquisa, Rouchier criou quatro outros sub-modelos na tentativa de levar seus agentes ao equilíbrio proposto, alcançando um sucesso parcial. No presente trabalho, a plataforma de desenvolvimento do sistema computacional é a Swarm, criada especificamente para simulações multi-agentes e usada, na maioria das vezes, em modelos dos campos social e biológico. O processo de racionalização dos agentes é dado na forma de tentativa e erro como rege a técnica de aprendizado por reforço. Ele analisa, em cada período, a resposta dada pelo ambiente. Finalmente, uma nova entidade chamada de Mediador é criada para intermediar as relações entre os agentes e, principalmente, para colocá-los em pares de forma aleatória. Os resultados alcançados são, em geral, mais próximos do equilíbrio quando comparados aos resultados das pesquisas anteriores. A partir deles, são feitos alguns estudos sobre a relação entre o número de agentes e o número de períodos da simulação com a aproximação dos valores para o equilíbrio.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:52:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Heider Cristian Moura Quintao.pdf: 4191526 bytes, checksum: 3053fbdd9113f05514fce93fc176aa9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-15 / When equipment failure occur in complex industrial plants, the automation and control system generates a great amount of alarms that can confuse the operators and lead them to take wrong decisions - the time for decision taking is very short and the amount of generated information is higher, being impossible for the operator read all of them before taking the correct decision. The new industrial systems have presented functionalities that try to minimize this deficiency presenting some support to the user, but still in an inefficient form. This work presents a proposal of an Alarm Management System based on Action Recommendation - SIGARA, a knowledge-based tool which aims supporting users of industrial control systems, when abnormal events occur. SIGARA is an action recommender multi-agent system, shaped on the basis of the described tasks and phases of the ONTORMAS ontology and MAAEM methodology. Beyond searching the solution of a problem of the real world in the industries, the proposed SIGARA presents some additional features not present on existing systems, as the application of information filtering techniques in different processing phases, and also the use of MAAEM and ONTORMAS in this new domain. / Quando ocorrem falhas de equipamentos em plantas industriais complexas, o sistema de automação e controle gera uma grande quantidade de alarmes que podem confundir os operadores e induzi-los a tomar decisões erradas. O tempo para a tomada de decisão é muito curto e a quantidade de informação gerada é muito grande, sendo impossível que o operador consiga ler todas antes de tomar a decisão correta. Os novos sistemas industriais têm apresentado funcionalidades que buscam minimizar essa deficiência apresentando algum suporte ao usuário, mas ainda de forma ineficiente. O presente trabalho apresenta como proposta um Sistema Informatizado de Gerenciamento de Alarmes baseado na Recomendação de Ações (SIGARA). É uma ferramenta baseada em conhecimento que objetiva suportar usuários de sistemas industriais de automação e controle, quando da ocorrência de alguma anomalia. O SIGARA é um sistema multiagente de recomendação de ações, modelado com base nas tarefas e fases descritas na ontologia ONTORMAS ( Ontology for Reusing Multi-agent Software ), conforme a metodologia MAAEM ( Multi-Agent Application Engineering Methodology ). Além de buscar a solução de um problema do mundo real presente nas indústrias, o SIGARA proposto apresenta alguns diferenciais frente aos existentes no mercado, como o uso de técnicas de filtragem de informação em várias etapas do processamento das informações, e também a aplicação da MAAEM e ONTORMAS que ainda não haviam sido utilizadas nesse domínio.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:52:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Barros e Silva.pdf: 1611676 bytes, checksum: 2ac174c844a81425dc12f950d38f1b39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-28 / This dissertation is part of TMS project whose objective is the development of a Intelligent Traffic Administration System . TMS has three fundamental functions: (1) Manage the necessary resources to the traffic control; (2) aid in the training of traffic employees; and (3) Accompany the changes of the urban traffic for ends of decision. TMS was conceived to assist the cities that doesn't have systems of traffic control and the others witch has the whole mounted structure with interlinked traffic lights. We show the conception of a system that seeks to assist the needs of traffic administration organs and, at the same time, allow its users to aid in the constant evolution of this management. We will specifically treat an architecture based on agents for our system, the technologies which the system uses and interactions among agents of traffic control. The prototype implemented in this work it allows the automation of the mechanisms of Traffic Administration operation - time of green and red of the traffic lights - turning the changes of semaphored plans the more dynamics as possible. / Esta dissertação é parte do Projeto TMS cujo objetivo é o desenvolvimento de um Sistema inteligente de Gerenciamento de Trânsito. O TMS tem três funções fundamentais : (1) Gerenciar os recursos necessários ao controle do tráfego ; (2) Ajudar no treinamento dos funcionários das companhias de trânsito ; e (3) Acompanhar as mudanças do tráfego urbano para fins de tomada de decisão. O TMS foi concebido para atender desde as cidades que não tem sistemas de controle de tráfego até aquelas que tem todo a estrutura montada com semáforos interligados, etc. Apresenta-se aqui a concepção do sistema que visa atender às necessidades dos órgãos de gerenciamento de trânsito e que, ao mesmo tempo, permita que os seus usuários pudessem auxiliar na constante evolução do mesmo. Trataremos especificamente da arquitetura baseada em agentes proposta para o sistema, as tecnologias que o fundamentam e apreendemos as interações entre agentes de controle de trânsito. O protótipo implementado neste trabalho permite a automação dos mecanismos de funcionamento de Gerenciamento de Trânsito tempo de verde e vermelho dos semáforos - tornando as mudanças de planos semafóricos as mais dinâmicas possíveis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:53:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Pinheiro Costa Junior.pdf: 2747809 bytes, checksum: 341087c9b5282e045ab5af119473be1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-13 / The present study attempts, through the methodology TROPOS, modeling a Multi- Agent System for Stock Exchange whose goal is make negotiations among agents in a Virtual Stock Exchange. The agents will act as investors in the Stock Market making the purchase and sale of stocks. This model is intended to specify agents with the ability to decide the best time for investing according to market indicators, i.e., when is the better time to buy or sell stocks. The model can identify the agents, the interaction protocols between agents, the applied technologies and the structures of the application. Therefore, the JADE platform will support the development of agents regarding the negotiation process. Such platform will provide communication between agents creating Broker Agents to provide communication with other Intermediate Agents whose information is collected in its Knowledge Base in order to make the negotiation. The after examining this study, conclusions could be taken about the subject explained and future suggested improvements can be implemented. / O presente trabalho busca, através da metodologia TROPOS, modelar um Sistema Multi-Agente para Bolsa de Valores com o objetivo de realizar negociações entre agentes em uma Bolsa de Valores virtual. Os agentes irão desempenhar a função de investidores na Bolsa de Valores, efetuando operações de compra e venda de ações. Esta modelagem tem o propósito de especificar agentes com a capacidade de decidir qual o melhor momento para realização dos investimentos pautado nos indicadores de mercado, ou seja, qual a melhor hora para comprar ou vender títulos de créditos. Neste sentido, serão identificados os agentes, os protocolos de interação entre agentes, as tecnologias aplicadas, as estruturas da aplicação. Portanto, a plataforma JADE dará suporte para o desenvolvimento dos agentes no tocante ao processo de negociação. Tal plataforma proporcionará a comunicação entre os agentes, criando Agentes Corretores a fim de proporcionar a comunicação com outro Agente Intermediário com as informações adquiridas em sua Base de Conhecimento para que assim seja realizada a negociação. Assim, após a análise desta obra poderão ser retiradas conclusões acerca do tema explanado e sugeridas melhorias para que no futuro possam ser implementadas.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de fournir des modèles de référence, les méthodes de soutien et des outils qui simulent les change propagations dans un projet de développement de produit (PD) pour aider les prises de décision. Nous établissons d’abord un cadre d’analyse des changes de modéliser le contexte du change apparition et la propagation en prenant en compte les multiples domaines du projet PD simultané- ment. Dans le cadre, nous proposons les modèles conceptuels de change apparition et la propagation qui fournissent une méthode pour identifier les change et propagation et impliquent certaines caractéristiques du change propagations. S’appuyant sur cela, nous vous proposons les procédures de mise en place des réseaux de propagation. Au sein du réseau, nous proposons la méthodologie de simulation de l’évolution propaga- tions, puis de présenter le processus de mise en uvre des méthodologies et des modèles comme un prototype en utilisant la technologie à base multi-agents. / The overall goal of this Ph.D. research is to provide reference models, support me- thods and tools that simulate change propagations in a Product Development (PD) project to assist decision-makings. We firstly establish a change analysis framework of modeling the context of change occurrence and propagation by taking into account the multiple knowledge areas of PD project simultaneously. Under the framework, we propose the conceptual models of change occurrence and change propagation that pro- vide a qualitative method to identify change and change propagation and imply some characteristics of change propagations. Relying on that, we suggest the procedures of building up the change propagation networks. Within the network, we propose the methodology of simulating change propagations and then present the process of im- plementing the methodologies and the models as a software prototype by using multi- agent based technology.

Les établissements de santé sont confrontés à de nouveaux défis tels que le vieillissement de la population, la hausse des coûts des soins et les progrès rapides des technologies médicales. Les nouvelles politiques de contrôle du budget des soins ont été introduites pour augmenter l'efficacité, réduire les déchets et remodeler le système de santé.Ces établissements cibles présentent des réseaux complexes incluant de ressources humaines,financières, structurelles et technologiques visant à garantir les meilleurs soins. Ces enjeux concernent d’autant plus les services d’urgence engorgés par l’afflux massif des passages, qui doivent fournir des décisions rapides et assurer le dimensionnement de ses ressources afin de réduire les délais d’attente des patients sans compromettre la qualité de soin.L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des solutions appropriées aux services d’urgences permettant d’améliorer la prise en charge des patients en termes de temps d’attente. Nous avons commencé par analyser les problématiques de la filière des urgences afin d’engager une démarche d’amélioration. Par la suite, nous avons modélisé le processus de prise en charge des patients au service d’accueil des urgences à l’aide d’un système multi-agent ouvert et dynamique. Le système proposé permet de fournir une aide à la décision sur la planification de l’activité médicale et l’affectation des ressources humaines dans une unité où on se trouve souvent face à une situation d’urgence nécessitant une prise en charge rapide et efficace. Dans ce contexte, nous abordons le problème réactif d’optimisation de l’ordonnancement des opérations de soin et le problème de coordination du personnel médical. Nous nous intéressons au dimensionnement des ressources humaines au SU en adoptant une approche de prise en compte des compétences maîtrisées dans le but de trouver une adéquation avec celles requises par l’activité médicale afin avant tout d’accroitre la qualité, réduire les délais d’attente et permettre de dégager des gains de gestion / Health-care organizations are facing new challenges such as the aging population, the rise of health care costs and the rapid progress of medical technologies. New policies of health care budget control have been introduced to increase efficiency, reduce waste and reshape the entire health care system. Targeted organizations are complex networks of human,financial, structural and technological resources aiming at guarantying best public health care.These issues concern all the more Emergency Departments (ED) congested by the massive influx of passages and which must provide quick decisions and ensure the sizing of its resources to reduce waiting times for patients with out compromising quality of care.The objective of this thesis is to propose appropriate solutions to ED to improve carefor patients in terms of waiting time. We began by analyzing the problems of the emergency department in order to initiate a process of improvement. Subsequently, we modeled the process of care for patients at ED by using an open and dynamic multi-agent system. The proposed system can provide decision support on business planning and allocation of medical resources in a unit where one is often faced with an emergency situation requiring rapid and effective response. In this context, we study the reactive problem for optimizing scheduling of operations care and the coordination problem of medical staff. We take into account the skills mastered by human resources at ED in order to find a match with those required by the medical activity. This approach aims to increase quality, reduce time of expectation and provide pointers gains management

Ce travail présente un modèle théorique de morphogenèse animale, sous la forme d’un système complexe émergeant de nombreux comportements, processus internes, expressions et interactions cellulaires. Son implémentation repose sur un automate cellulaire orienté système multi-agents avec un couplage énergico-génétique entre les dynamiques cellulaires et les ressources.Notre objectif est de proposer des outils permettant l’étude numérique du développement de tissus cellulaires à travers une approche hybride (discrète/continue et qualitative/quantitative) pour modéliser les aspects génétiques, énergétiques et comportementaux des cellules. La modélisation de ces aspects s’inspire des principes de la théorie de la viabilité et des données expérimentales sur les premiers stades de division de l’embryon du poisson-zèbre.La théorie de la viabilité appliquée à la morphogenèse pose cependant de nouveaux défis en informatique pour pouvoir implémenter des algorithmes dédiés aux dynamiques morphologiques. Le choix de données biologiques pertinentes à considérer dans le modèle à proposer, la conception d’un modèle basé sur une théorie nouvelle, l’implémentation d’algorithmes adaptés reposant sur des processeurs puissants et le choix d’expérimentations pour éprouver nos propositions sont les enjeux fondamentaux de ces travaux. Les hypothèses que nous proposons sont discutées au moyen d’expérimentations in silico qui ont porté principalement sur l’atteignabilité et la capturabilité de formes de tissus ; sur la viabilité de l’évolution d’un tissu pour un horizon de temps ; sur la mise en évidence de nouvelles propriétés de tissus et la simulation de mécanismes tissulaires essentiels pour leur contrôlabilité face à des perturbations ; sur de nouvelles méthodes de caractérisation de tissus pathologiques, etc. De telles propositions doivent venir en appoint aux expérimentations in vitro et in vivo et permettre à terme de mieux comprendre les mécanismes régissant le développement de tissus. Plus particulièrement, nous avons mis en évidence lors du calcul de noyaux de viabilité les relations de causalité ascendante reliant la maintenance des cellules en fonction des ressources énergétiques disponibles et la viabilité du tissu en croissance. La dynamique de chaque cellule est associée à sa constitution énergétique et génétique. Le modèle est paramétré à travers une interface permettant de prendre en compte le nombre de coeurs à solliciter pour la simulation afin d’exploiter la puissance de calcul offerte par les matériels multi-coeurs. / This work presents a theoretical model of animal morphogenesis, as a complex system from which emerge cellular behaviors, internal processes, interactions and expressions. Its implementation is based on a cellular automaton oriented multi-agent system with an energico-genetic coupling between the cellular dynamics and resources. Our main purpose is to provide tools for the numerical study of tissue development through a hybrid approach (discrete/continuous and qualitative/quantitative) that models genetic, behavioral and energetic aspects of cells. The modeling of these aspects is based on the principles of viability theory and on experimental data on the early stages of the zebrafish embryo division. The viability theory applied to the morphogenesis, however, raises new challenges in computer science to implement algorithms dedicated to morphological dynamics. The choice of relevant biological data to be considered in the model to propose, the design of a model based on a new theory, the implementation of suitable algorithms based on powerful processors and the choice of experiments to test our proposals are fundamental issues of this work. The assumptions we offer are discussed using in silico experiments that focused on the reachability and catchability of tissue forms ; on the viability of the evolution of a tissue for a time horizon ; on the discovery of new tissue properties and simulation of tissue mechanisms that are fondamental for their controllability face to disruptions ; on new pathological tissue characterization methods, etc. Such proposals must come extra to support experiments in vitro and in vivo and eventually allow a better understanding of the mechanisms governing the development of tissues.In particular, we have highlighted through the computing of viability kernels the bottom causal relationship between the maintenance of cells according to available energy resources and the viability of the tissue in growth. The model is set through an interface that takes into account the number of cores to solicit for simulation in order to exploit the computing power offered by multicore hardware.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux problèmes de découverte, de sélection et de composition de services. L'objectif est de satisfaire une requête complexe d'un demandeur de services. Pour ce faire, nous proposons une approche multi-agents fondée sur la confiance et les réseaux sociaux. Nous définissions un modèle de confiance en tant que concept compositionnel formé de quatre composantes: une composante sociale, une composante d'expertise, une composante de recommandation et une composante de coopération. La composante sociale juge s'il est intéressant de suivre un fournisseur avant d'utiliser ses services. La composante d'expertise estime si un service se comporte bien et comme prévu. La composante de recommandation vérifie si un agent est pertinent ou pas et si l'on peut compter sur ses recommandations. La composante de coopération permet aux agents de décider avec qui interagir dans une composition de services. Nous proposons un algorithme distribué pour la découverte de services utilisant la confiance entre les agents ainsi que les systèmes de références dans les réseaux sociaux. Nous développons également une nouvelle méthode s'appuyant sur un modèle probabiliste pour inférer la confiance entre les agents non adjacents tout en tenant compte des rôles des agents intermédiaires. Finalement, nous présentons un processus original de formation de coalitions qui est incrémental, dynamique et recouvrant pour une composition de services dans les réseaux sociaux. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que nos approches multi-agents sont efficaces, plus performants que les approches similaires existantes et peuvent offrir des résultats plus dignes de confiance à faible coût de communications. / This thesis deals with service discovery, selection and composition problems. The aim is to fulfill a complex requester query. To do that, we propose a multi-agent approach based on trust and social networks. We define a trust model as a compositional concept that includes social, expert, recommender and cooperation-based component. The social-based component judges whether or not the provider is worthwhile pursuing before using his services. The expert-based component estimates whether or not the service behaves well and as expected. The recommender-based component checks whether or not an agent is reliable and if we can rely on its recommendations. The cooperation-based component allows agents to decide with whom to interact in a service composition. We propose a distributed algorithm for service discovery using trust between agents and referral systems in social networks. We also develop a new method based on a probabilistic model to infer trust between non adjacent agents while taking into account roles of intermediate agents. Finally, we present an original coalition formation process which is incremental, dynamic and overlapping for service composition in social networks. %In particular, our coalition formation process engaging self-interested agents is incremental, dynamic and overlapping. Experimental results show that our multi-agents approaches are efficient, outperforms existing similar ones and can deliver more trustworthy results at low cost of communications.

Delegative democracy is a new concept of democratic governance. It is meant as a new system of trust among people. It is derived from principles of direct democracy and presents only minimal form of representation. The voter is not forced to cast his vote directly, but it can be transferred to a delegate. Delegative democracy is based on openness, awareness and trust. It is still only a concept and for real application it has to face rising critics. Main issues are high costs, threat of populism and corruption and overall complexity. Agent-based modelling is chosen to test the validity of delelagative democracy principles. It is suitable for studying social phenomena such as democratic governance. Agent-based models apply a "new kind" of artificial intelligence -- a dynamic system composed of individual and autonomous units -- agents -- which interact within the environment. Universal methodology called Agentology is used to propose a new agent-based model. This methodology is composed of subsequent steps. These steps cover initial analysis, conceptual and technological proposal and development of the model itself. Assessment of delegative democracy principles is achieved with data acquired from the agent-based model. Delegative democracy is less effective for small and cooperative system than direct democracy. If more voters are delegating, this effectiveness decreases even more. This conclusion is based on initial parameters of the model. Delegating voters count is indeed a relevant parameter whereas total voters count is not. The model has its basic predicative value and is open to further elaboration.

Aujourd’hui, la production est souvent multi-site car les entreprises se recentrent sur leurs cœurs de métiers. Dans ce contexte, la gestion des projets est une tâche difficile car il faut prendre en compte la distribution de la décision et l’hétérogénéité qui peut exister entre les différentes applications de production des partenaires. Les Systèmes Multi-Agents, et notamment le modèle SCEP (Superviseur, Client, Environnement, Producteur), apportent une solution satisfaisante au problème de la distribution de la décision, en instaurant une coopération entre des agents responsables de la gestion des projets client et des agents représentant les sites de production distants. Néanmoins, ce modèle présente des limites à cause de sa faible capacité à communiquer et à coopérer avec des modèles et des systèmes de gestion hétérogènes ainsi qu’à sa difficulté à localiser les nouveaux partenaires. Dans ce mémoire, nous proposons une architecture distribuée et interopérable SCEP-SOA intégrant les concepts du modèle SCEP et ceux du modèle SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) qui offre des mécanismes de mise en relation des partenaires et permet des communications entre des systèmes et des applications hétérogènes. Pour garantir la bonne compréhension des informations échangées entre les partenaires, l’architecture SCEP-SOA met en œuvre une stratégie d’interopérabilité sémantique basée sur l’intégration des ontologies. Cette stratégie s’articule autour d’une ontologie globale et commune utilisée pour l’échange des informations, et des mécanismes de correspondances entre cette ontologie globale et les ontologies locales des partenaires. Cette architecture est illustrée sur un cas d’étude où l’on se focalise sur l’interopérabilité entre des applications dédiées à la planification des projets de fabrication multi-sites. / Today, the production is often multi-site because companies focus on their core competencies. In this context, projects’ management is a difficult task because it must take into account the distribution of the decision and the heterogeneity which can exist between the various production applications of the partners. The Multi-agents systems, in particular the SCEP model (Supervisor, Customer, Environment, Producer), offer a satisfactory solution for the decision distribution problem, by establishing a cooperation between agents responsible of the management of the customer projects and agents representing the remote production sites. Nevertheless, this model presents limits because of its weak ability to communicate and to cooperate with heterogeneous models and management systems, as well as in its difficulty to localize new partners. In this dissertation, we propose a distributed and interoperable architecture, SCEP-SOA, which integrates concepts of the SCEP model and SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) which offers mechanisms for putting in relation various partners and allows communication between heterogeneous systems and applications. To insure the good understanding of the information exchanged between the partners, the SCEP-SOA architecture implements a strategy of semantic interoperability based on the integration of ontologies. This strategy is based on the use of a shared global ontology for information exchange, and on mechanisms of mappings between the global ontology and the partners’ local ontologies. This architecture is illustrated by a study case in which we focus on the interoperability between applications dedicated to the planning of manufacturing multi-sites projects