Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACTThe Victorian period, often heralded as the golden age of children‘s literature, saw both a break and a continuation with the traditions of the fairy tale genre, with many authors choosing this platform to question and subvert social and literary expectations (Honic, Breaking the Angelic Image 1; Zipes, Art of Subversion 97). George MacDonald (1824-1905), a prolific Scottish theologian, whose unspoken sermons, essays, novels, fantasies and children‘s fairy tales deliberately engage with such issues as gender, mortality, class, poverty and morality, was one such author (Ellison 92). This thesis critically examines how the Victorian writer George MacDonald portrays the notion of a ‗self‘ in terms of fixed ‗character‘ and mutable physical appearance in his fairy tales for children. Chapter One provides a foundation for this study by studying MacDonald‘s literary and religious context, particularly important for this former preacher banned from his pulpit (Reis, 24). Chapter Two explores a series of examples of the interaction between characters and their physical bodies. This begins with examining portrayals of characters synonymous with their bodies, before contrasting this with characters whose bodies appear differently than their inner selves. Chapter Two finishes by observing those characters whose physical forms alter throughout the course of the tale. As these different character-body interactions are observed, a marked separation between character and body emerges. In Chapter Three, the implications of this separation between character and body are explored. By writing such separations between the character and their body, MacDonald creates a space where further questions can be asked about our understanding of issues such as identity and mortality. Chapter Three begins with an analysis of the observations made in the first chapter, posing that MacDonald crafted characters consisting of an inner self and a physical body. This was then further explored through images of recognition in the tales, finding that characters are expected to recognize one another despite complete physical alterations; the inner self is able to know and be known. Chapter Three concludes by studying mortality in the tales, particularly MacDonald‘s portrayals of the possibility of life after death. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Viktoriaanseperiode, wat gereeld voorgehou word as die goue era vir kinderliteratuur, het beide breuke en kontinuïteit gehad met die tradisies van die genre van sprokiesverhale. Menigte skrywers het sprokiesverhale gekies as ‘n middel waardeur hulle sosiale en literêre verwagtinge kon bevraagteken en omseil (Honic, Breaking the Angelic Image 1; Zipes, Art of Subversion 97). George MacDonald (1824—1905) — 'n prolifieke Skotse teoloog, wie se onuitgesproke preke, opstelle, novelle, fantasieë en kindersprokies doelgerig kwessies soos geslag, moraliteit, klas en armoede getakel het — was een só 'n skrywer (Ellison 92). Hierdie tesis ondersoek krities hoe die Viktoriaanse skrywer George MacDonald die idee van ‗self‘ uitgebeeld het in terme van 'n vaste "karakter" en veranderbare fisiese voorkoms in sy sprokiesverhale vir kinders. Hoofstuk Een verskaf 'n fondasie vir hierdie studie deur MacDonald se literêre- en geloofskonteks te bestudeer. Hierdie is besonders belangrik, omdat hierdie gewese predikant voorheen van die kansel verban was (Reis, 24). Hoofstuk Twee ondersoek 'n reeks voorbeelde van die interaksie tussen karakters en hul fisiese gestaltes. Dit begin met 'n ondersoek van uitbeeldings waarin karakters sinoniem met hul voorkoms is. Daarna word 'n kontras getrek met karakters wie se uiterlike voorkoms verskillend is van wie hulle innerlik is. Hoofstuk Twee sluit af deur merking te maak van karakters wie se fisiese voorkoms verander deur die verloop van die verhaal. Soos hierdie verskillende interaksies tussen karakter en voorkoms ondersoek word, word 'n merkbare verdeling tussen karakter en voorkoms ontbloot. In Hoofstuk Drie word die implikasies van hierdie verdeling tussen karakter en voorkoms ondersoek. Deur so 'n verdeling tussen karakter en voorkoms uit te beeld, skep MacDonald 'n ruimte waarbinne verdere vrae gevra kan word oor hoe ons kwessies soos identiteit en moraliteit verstaan. Hoofstuk Drie begin met 'n analise van die opmerkings wat in die eerste hoofstuk gemaak is, waarin gestel word dat MacDonald sy karakters ontwerp het om te bestaan uit 'n innerlike self en 'n fisiese voorkoms. Hierdie word dan verder ondersoek deur te kyk na voorbeelde van gewaarwording in die verhale, waar daar gevind is dat daar van die karakters verwag word om mekaar te herken ten spyte van gehele fisiese veranderinge; die innerlike self kan ken en geken word. Hoofstuk Drie sluit af deur die moraliteit van die stories te bestudeer, veral MacDonald se uitbeelding van die moontlikheid van lewe na die dood.

Les notions d'essentialisme et d'existentialisme ont souvent été utilisées par les commentateurs et spécialistes contemporains pour désigner respectivement les philosophies d'Avicenne et de Thomas d'Aquin. Cependant, ces qualificatifs leur ont souvent été apposés sur la base d'une étude fragmentaire de leur pensée, et sans qu'une définition précise et uniforme n'en ait été donnée. En tant que fondateur d'un système philosophique constituant une synthèse critique de différents courants de pensées, Molla Sadrâ a été à l'origine d'une nouvelle réflexion sur la question de l'existence. Alliée à sa pensée critique au sujet de systèmes philosophiques l'ayant précédé, sa philosophie peut constituer une nouvelle base de réflexion sur le sens des notions d'existentialisme et d'essentialisme, ainsi que sur la façon dont Avicenne et S. Thomas ont pensé l'existence. La philosophie sadrienne est ici mise à contribution en vue de présenter une analyse du statut de l'existence dans les philosophies avicennienne et thomasienne dans un cadre à la fois global et critique, et de mettre en relief certaines options fondamentales de leur pensée. L'analyse est complétée par une évaluation critique de la façon dont certains commentateurs ont appréhendé et compris le statut de l'existence dans ces deux pensées. / The notions of essentialism and existentialism have often been used by contemporary commentators and scholars to refer respectively to the philosophies of Avicenna and Thomas Aquinas. However, these attributions have often taken place of the basis of fragmentary studies of their thought, whereas no precise and uniform definition of such notions has been given. As the founder of a philosophical system which constitutes a critical synthesis of different schools of thought, Molla Sadra is at the origin of a new reflection on the issue of existence. Along with a critical thinking about some philosophical systems that preceded it, his philosophy may provide a new basis for a reflection on the meaning of the notions of existentialism and essentialism, as well as on how Avicenna and S. Thomas have thought and tackled the issue of existence. In this study, the Sadrian philosophy is used in order to present an analysis of the status of existence in the philosophies of Avicenna and Thomas Aquinas within a comprehensive and critical framework, and to highlight some fundamental options of their thought. The analysis is complemented by a critical assessment of how some commentators have apprehended and understood the status of existence in these two thoughts.

L’œuvre de Hans Blumenberg, reçue d’abord pour son apport au débat sur la sécularisation et sa proposition d’une « métaphorologie », trouve son centre de gravité dans une anthropologie philosophique originale et complexe. C’est à celle-ci que notre thèse se consacre, en prenant acte du fait qu’« anthropologie » et « homme » sont les noms de deux problèmes avant d’être ceux d’un champ de savoir et de son objet. Si la pensée de Blumenberg s’élabore en premier lieu dans un dialogue critique avec la phénoménologie, ce n’est pas pour lui adjoindre le chapitre anthropologique qu’elle aurait omis, mais pour réformer de fond en comble ses thèses, sa méthode et ses principes implicites. Il ne s’agit pas non plus de retourner simplement aux questions et réponses traditionnelles que la philosophie a formulées à propos de l’homme. S’interrogeant, dans la lignée de l’anthropologie philosophique allemande, sur la possibilité de l’homme, Blumenberg oriente sa réflexion dans une voie « négative », dont notre travail s’attache à rendre raison autant qu’à interroger les limites. Avec l’image d’un homme fondamentalement « démuni », un être lacunaire, que les descriptions et narrations de l’auteur mettent en scène, ne retrouve-t-on pas une conception « prométhéenne », qui reconduit les présupposés qu’elle critiquait pourtant ? Notre interprétation vise, dans une analyse des procédures discursives que l’auteur met en œuvre et une discussion des thèses qu’il propose, à faire valoir leurs ambivalences, tout autant que leur fécondité. Ce qui est à lire, en dernière instance, dans l’œuvre de l’auteur, c’est un ensemble d’approches historiques et philosophiques de la « seconde nature » de l’homme, qui décrit les inquiétudes inhérentes à sa condition culturelle, autant que les intermittences du sujet. / First appreciated for the contribution made to the ‘Secularisation’ debate, along with its conception of ‘Metaphorology’, the work of Hans Blumenberg represents a complex and original philosophical anthropology, the core reflections of which form the central focus of this dissertation. We begin from a point of questioning whether “anthropology” and “man” are not simply terms used to describe a field of academic practice and it’s topic of study, but rather two distinct issues to be examined. The dominant motive of Blumenberg’s thought is to be found in a critical dialogue with phenomenology, but he is not interested in simply contributing an anthropological ‘chapter’ to the field, rather he works to criticise and seek a total reform of the theses, methodology and implicit principles therein. He similarly refuses to rerun the familiar philosophical debates regarding man, instead questioning the possibility of man, inspired by the German philosophical tradition. This thesis will assess and critically consider this ‘negative’ turn in Blumenberg’s thought. Do his descriptions and narrative conveying the human as a fundamentally lacking being not tend to invoke a ‘promethean’ conception of man, the very assumptions of which they seek to criticise?Through analysis of Blumenberg’s discursive procedures and consideration of his theses, our interpretation intends to demonstrate their sense of ambivalence as well as their considered abundance. Ultimately, what is to be found in the work of this author is a collection of approaches to the ‘second nature’ of man which together describe the unease inherent in the cultural condition, as well as the intermittencies of the subject.

Nietzsche´s work criticizes the existing method of philosophizing which diverts man from his major problems. First of all it is neccessary to deal with human life and to understand what determines life and what defines world. Human life is dominated by the will to power. However it depends, wheather man recognizes the will and wheather he follows this awarness. So far, man has been controlled by emotions which are often considered to be the truth. The will to power predetermines the human evolution to the higher level - the Superman ( Der Übermensch). The Superman is able to implement the will, to become a completely free beeing, controlling everything within his reach - even humanity. The Superman is driven by his own benefits, creating a new morality in which it applies that good is what is useful for life of a Superman. Existing humanity seeks in its weakness support in the faith in God. Only Superman is able to avoid this domination, because for him God is dead. life is what constantly arises and expires in its particular actions. The way of the world is determinatd by the eternal return, which is accepted by a Superman.

This thesis will consider the art and persona of Grayson Perry in relation to ideas of national identity. In particular, it will argue that Perry has been occupied with ideas of class and national identity throughout his career, but that these underlying concerns have often been subsumed, or obfuscated, by the foregrounding of other more obvious aspects of his work, such as his transvestism. At the centre of this thesis is the argument that Perry's vision of England, and the purportedly ambivalent way in which he presents it, functions as a way of negotiating - and repatriating - English national identity at a time of crisis. I want to further argue, however, that this has been complicated by Perry's self-positioning, and I propose that he has cultivated an air of subversion and transgression that has tempered the more affirmative aspects of his work. This half-subversive, half-affirmative stance allows him and his work to resonate with both those critical of the usual institutions of contemporary art - including many sections of the public and certain newspapers, tabloid and broadsheet alike - as well as the institutions themselves. This stance has implications not only for Perry's engagement with contemporary art but for his considerations of national identity as well, enabling an enquiry into, and ultimately a restitution of, 'Englishness' (and, to a lesser extent, 'Britishness'), by framing it within a rhetoric of ambivalence and diminishment rather than overt nationalism, the latter of which would have more problematic associations. Similarly, I want to suggest that it is this stance and its mediatory properties, coupled with his earlier self-positioning and his subtle but consistent foregrounding of domestic and demotic issues of national identity throughout his career, that has made Perry such a popular candidate to take on the task of reinvigorating this identity now.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A partir do conto intitulado Viver!, de Machado de Assis, publicado na Gazeta de Notícias em 1886 e, posteriormente, como parte da coletânea denominada Várias histórias, reunida em livro em 1896, são tecidas considerações literárias e filosóficas sobre o sentimento de tedium vitae num instante imaginário em que o tempo e, conseqüentemente, a vida findará. No conto que dá tema a esta dissertação, o autor coloca em diálogo a lenda do judeu errante e o titã Prometeu, e sugere reflexões sobre a história da civilização vista teleologicamente e o enfaro do homem que assiste à seqüência de ruínas e projetos sonhadores que se antagonizam. A peculiaridade da narrativa fez com que os prefaciadores da edição crítica de Várias histórias, da qual são extraídas as citações a que faremos alusão no presente trabalho, afirmassem que dentre as dezesseis estórias do [nosso] livro, quatro são nitidamente contos filosóficos; [...] Um apólogo, a disquisição gnóstica de Adão e Eva, a comovida crítica das quimeras quiliásticas de Viver! e, finalmente, O Cônego ou metafísica do estilo (ASSIS: 1975). A insólida circunstância a que o autor nos conduz, numa situação de extremo espaço-temporal, permitiu-nos, aventurar considerações de ordem retórica e filosófica e fazer (quem sabe?) herdar questões a respeito do encontro de várias tradições culturais, reinscritas e interagentes na composição da trama literária. A excepcionalidade dessas poucas linhas, escondidas e quase esquecidas dentro do universo machadiano, organizadas na forma de um diálogo grego, evocando terminologias e linhas de pensamento que o leitor costumeiro do célebre contista facilmente reconhecerá, talvez explique o motivo desta dissertação. Eis o que Machado nos oferece - uma trama repleta de relações intra e extratextuais com poder de atrair qualquer um que se detenha diante da obra do autor de Quincas Borba não apenas para passar o tempo. Para melhor conduzir o exame do conto em foco neste trabalho, foram privilegiados três veios de pensamento, a saber: a reinserção mitológica, a retórica e a filosofia. Os referidos temas estão devidamente distribuídos em capítulos que compõem a estrutura desta dissertação segundo esclareceremos a seguir. No primeiro capítulo, Delírios de fogo e de vida, o recurso da reinserção temática é tratado, uma vez que os devaneios in extremis do personagem principal do conto são permitidos graças aos empréstimos que o autor faz à lenda do judeu errante, ao mito de Prometeu, às narrativas que cercam a antiga cidade egípcia de Tebas, provocando um nomadismo mitológico que transporta, utiliza a bagagem que cada citação evoca e inscreve tais narrativas num novo universo textual. A pragmática do convencimento na retórica de que se utiliza o titã constitui o tema do segundo capítulo, intitulado Da campa ao berço, um devaneio in extremis. Trata dos devaneios ocorridos no espaço entre a meditação e o sonho, na expectativa da túnica incorruptível que conceda ao homem um futuro glorioso. Segundo teremos a ocasião de demonstrar, a mensagem, que se diz divina porque científica e vice-versa, é construída retoricamente com o objetivo de acender no homem enfarado por seu árduo caminho o fogo dos deuses. O Diálogo de titãs ocorrido em algum lugar entre vilarejo de Röeken e o Morro do Livramento, expressão que intitula o terceiro capítulo, define a expectativa de abordar as aproximações existentes entre os dizeres de Nietzsche e do escritor brasileiro diante do superlativo humano que viram ser construído, num mundo onde a propaganda cientificista se apresenta como letras douradas num epitáfio e onde, talvez, se deva considerar a possibilidade de viver a partir de uma filosofia que subsista, mesmo que a golpes de martelo. Forjando ao calor da mímesis um diálogo entre mitos, dialogando com sua época, dialogando com o leitor, Machado de Assis também dialoga, tensamente, com a voz que tenta obrigar ao caminho o homem que, primeiramente, se esquiva, para depois se deixar encantar, quase tocando e quase abraçando, as possibilidades sempre adiadas, vivenciadas apenas na dimensão do sonho, como uma condição dada e nunca experimentada de voar / From the entitled story Viver, of Machado de Assis, published in Gazeta de Noticias, in 1886 and utterly as part of the so named collection Várias histórias, gathered as a book in 1896, philosophical and literary considerations are weaved on the tedium vitae feeling in a imaginary instant in which both time and, consequently, life will finally get to an end. In the story which gives the subject to this dissertation, the author writes as a dialogue the legend of the errant Jew and the titan Prometeu and suggests the reflection on the History of Civilization seen teleologically and the exhaustiveness of man who observes the sequence of ruins and dreaming projects opposed to each other. The peculiarity of the narration made the introductory commentators to the critical edition to Várias histórias, from which are extracted the quotes to which we will be mentioning on the present work, to affirm that amongst the sixteen stories from(our) book, four are clearly philosophical ones; [[ Um apólogo, a Gnostic disquisition of Adão e Eva, the touching criticism of the chiliastic chimeras in Viver and, finally, O Cônego ou metafisica do estilo.(ASSIS:1975). The unique circumstance to which the author leads us, in a situation of extreme temporal-space, allow us to adventure considerations of philosophical and rhetorical order and (who knows?) to make inherit questions concerning the gathering of the various cultural traditions, reinscribed and interacting in the composition of the literary plot. A exceptionality of these few lines, hidden and almost forgotten inside the universe of Machado, organized in the format of a Greek dialogue, evoking terminologies and a line of thinking that the usual reader of the famous story teller will easily recognize, perhaps explain the reason of this dissertation. Here is what Machado offers usa plot full of intra and extra-textual relations with the power to attract anyone who stops out before the work of the author of Quincas Borba not only for entertainment. To better conduct the exam of the story focused in this work, three main vein of thinking were privileged: the mythological reinsert, the rhetoric and the philosophy. The referred subjects are duly distributed in chapters which make up the structure of this dissertation as above explained. In the first chapter, Delírios de fogo e de vida!, the resource of the thematic reinsert is dealt, once the in extremis daydreams of the main personage are allowed due to what the author brings to the legend of the errant Jew, to the myth of Prometeus, to the narrations that surround the ancient city of Tebas, evoking a mythological nomad condition that carries, uses the luggage that each quote evokes and inscribes such narrative in a new literal universe. The praxis of persuasion in the rhetoric used by the titan is the subject of the second chapter whose title is : Da cama ao berço, um devaneio in extremis. It deals with daydreams occurred in the gap between meditation and the dream, in the expectation that the incorruptible cloak would concede to the man a glorious future. As we will have occasion to demonstrate, the message, which calls itself divine because scientific and vice-versa, is constructed rhetorically with the aim to light in the man, exhausted by his arduous path, the fire of gods. O Diálogo dos Titãs- that took place in some place between the little village of Roeken and Morro do Livramento, expression that gives titleto the third chapter, defines the expectation to the existing approach between the sayings of Nietzche and ones of the Brazilian writer before the human superlative that they saw been built in a world where the scientifiticist propaganda is painted in gold in an epitaph and where, perhaps, one might

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:22:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 siqueira_rar_dr_mar.pdf: 806191 bytes, checksum: 56e44e61be9a03c3a23ce5e5a81c2625 (MD5) / Esta tese é uma investigação qualitativa que está fundamentada na concepção teórico-metodológica da Pesquisa Narrativa de Clandinin e Connelly, na Formação do Professor Reflexivo de Donald Schön e na Hermenêutica Filosófica de Gadamer. Em seu acabamento estético (tomando este adjetivo como substantivo foulcaultiano, estética da existência), fundamenta-se na concepção de “saber de experiência” de Larrosa. Nesta pesquisa o que está em suspensão é a vivência da pesquisadora como profissional da educação, cuja história é narrada, reconstruída e revivida, assim como, as histórias da participante, com quem a pesquisadora, de uma forma peculiar, compartilha suas “conversas reflexivas”, seus objetos de estudo (relatos e histórias). A tese aqui defendida é a de que a construção do conhecimento pessoal e prático do professor também se dá ao se narrar as histórias de sua experiência profissional e interpretar palavras faladas e escritas – ações estas que são maneiras privilegiadas de acesso à consciência, entendida como abertura (ato intencional) em direção à compreensão do mundo como rede de relações. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivos gerais (a) resgatar e reviver as histórias da vida pessoal, acadêmica e profissional da pesquisadora envolvida com o exercício da docência num curso de Letras; e (b) resgatar e reconstruir as histórias de vida acadêmica e profissional de uma outra professora, também formadora de professores de Letras, ex-aluna do referido curso. A tese ilustra a relevância teórico-metodológica da pesquisa narrativa para a reflexão e para a transformação da prática profissional dos professores. Os dois estudos aqui contidos, trazem as “conversas reflexivas” e a interpretação hermenêutica como instrumentos de ação social e profissional para o compartilhamento dos sentidos produzidos... / This thesis reports on a qualitative study that is theoretically and methodologically grounded on Narrative Inquiry of D.J. Clandinin and M.F. Connelly, on the Education of the Reflective Teacher of D. Schön, and on Gadamer’s Philosophical Hermeneutics. From its aesthetical point of view (by taking this adjective as a foucaultian noun – the aesthetics of existence), the thesis is grounded on Larossa’s concept of “knowledge derived from experience”. The study focuses on the researcher’s lived experiences as a professional in the field of Education. Her stories, as well as those of her participant become the foci of her study and they are narrated, reconstructed and relived in a peculiar way – they are shared by means of “reflective conversations”. The thesis here sustained is that the construction of teachers’ personal practical knowledge occurs when they tell the stories of their professional experiences and when they interpret the words that are spoken and written. Such actions are privileged ways to access consciousness, here understood as an opening (an intentional act) towards the understanding of the world as a network of relationships. The general objectives of this study, therefore, were (a) to recover and to relive the stories of the personal, academic and professional life of the researcher during her teaching practice in an undergraduate course of Letters; and (b) to recover and to reconstruct the academic and professional stories of another teacher, who is a teacher educator as well, and one of the researcher’s former students in that course. The thesis illustrates the theoretical-methodological relevance of Narrative Inquiry to the reflection and transformation of teachers’ professional practices. The two studies that are reported here bring “reflective conversations” and the hermeneutic interpretation as instruments of professional and social... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

This thesis compares two novels each by Nigerian writer Ben Okri and Moroccan writer Tahar Ben Jelloun. By examining apparently transformative moments in the lives of each protagonist, Azaro and Zahra, its principal aim is to show how liminality characterises their identities, and is a source of personal and potentially political liberation, mirrored in the narrative techniques. The Introduction demonstrates the centrality of identity to these novels and the domain of postcolonial studies and defines the key concepts in relevant literary, theoretical and political contexts: identity, hybridity, liminality, magical realism and the postcolonial/postmodern debate. Chapter I establishes Azaro and Zahra as liminal beings from birth, whose childhood rituals are incomplete and who continually subvert parental and social expectation. This examination of liminality may be extended by reading the characters as emblems of their respective nations-in-waiting. Chapter II focuses on the tension between biology and culture within Zahra's gendered identity and demonstrates empowerment in her choice to remain liminal in a 'potential space'. Azaro's shifting sexual awareness is examined as a manifestation of his liminality. The allegorical reading of Zahra's life is continued, and a connection made between sexual and political corruption in the English texts. Chapter III centres on the fluidity of Azaro's boundaries and perception. Like Zahra's, his liminality is chosen, as he decides to live in a potential space between human and spirit. Zahra, too, has a special relationship with the spirit world; she and Azaro are shown to have revelatory visions of political significance. The Conclusion brings together the analysis of Azaro's and Zahra's identities before extending the liminal states of the protagonists to those of reader and artist. It concludes that these texts offer new opportunities for the understanding of postcolonial texts and moving beyond the duality of the postcolonial/postmodern debate.

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E também constar a informação "APROVADO" (deve ser solicitada à Seção de Pós-Graduação e deve ser inserida após a ficha catalográfica). - Agradecimentos: A Portaria nº 206, de 04/09/2018 Dispõe sobre obrigatoriedade de citação da CAPES nos agradecimentos da seguinte forma: "Art. 3º Deverão ser usadas as seguintes expressões, no idioma do trabalho: "O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001" Agradecemos a compreensão e aguardamos o envio do novo arquivo. Atenciosamente, Biblioteca Campus Rio Claro Repositório Institucional UNESP https://repositorio.unesp.br on 2018-09-20T17:38:32Z (GMT) / Submitted by Luiz Carlos Leal Junior (jhcleal@gmail.com) on 2018-09-21T02:26:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese.pdf: 3603529 bytes, checksum: 9817094ff93cb248e58c8c43adc1d2ce (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Aparecida Puerta null (dripuerta@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-09-21T13:10:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lealjunior_lc_dr_rcla.pdf: 3603529 bytes, checksum: 9817094ff93cb248e58c8c43adc1d2ce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-21T13:10:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lealjunior_lc_dr_rcla.pdf: 3603529 bytes, checksum: 9817094ff93cb248e58c8c43adc1d2ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Práticas de Resolução de Problemas são problematizadas nesta pesquisa na forma de uma tessitura. Elas estão articuladas em torno de um estudo analítico acerca do tema Resolução de Problemas e de seus pressupostos filosóficos. Considerando-se a falta de explicitação e objetivação destes pressupostos teórico-filosóficos que amparam práticas em Resolução de Problemas, objetiva-se realizar um estudo analítico acerca dos discursos que permeiam, engendram, potencializam e põem em funcionamento práticas, teorias, teorizações e outros discursos sobre a Resolução de Problemas tanto no cenário nacional quanto internacional. Para tanto, procedemos a análise do discurso, pautada pela arqueogenealogia de Michel Foucault enquanto uma caixa de ferramentas, para compor uma análise com o corpus desta pesquisa, que consiste em entrevistas, questionários, artigos, livros, teses, dissertações e demais materiais acadêmicos. Uma questão diretriz a ser trabalhada nessa tessitura é: Como e quais pressupostos filosóficos operam, tessem ou põem em funcionamento discursos presentes nas pesquisas em Resolução de Problemas? Bem como seus desdobramentos sobre práticas discursivas relacionadas ao tema. Desse modo, observamos que há momentos, movimentos, práticas e discursos que possuem uma fundamentação teórica bastante consistente com os pressupostos filosóficos que lhes dão suporte. Por outro lado, há aqueles que não têm preocupações críveis com a teoria, residindo na práxis enquanto eixo estruturador de suas práticas em Resolução de Problemas. Há situações em que a Resolução de Problemas aproxima-se da égide de uma metodologia, enquanto que, em outro panorama, ela pode ser concebida como algo mais amplo e complexo, que visa dar conta de campos, elementos e conceitos problemáticos como: sujeito, objeto (matemático), sociedade, Educação Matemática, fazer e/ou ter ciência, valores, conhecimento (matemático), pedagogia, didática, enfim, uma gama de assuntos podem ser trabalhados sob essa perspectiva, aproximando-a de uma Filosofia da Educação Matemática. Isso permite inferir de alguma forma que, para entender-se a Resolução de Problemas, com seus princípios, bases e propostas de pesquisa educativa e educacional, faz-se extremamente necessário entender-se seus pressupostos teóricos, pois são eles que lhe darão o tom de algo restrito ou amplo, uma metodologia ou uma filosofia. Contudo, tal concepção será sempre local e regional, sendo ela validada e legitimada pela comunidade que a pratica. / Problem Solving practices are problematized in this research in the form of a “tessiture” . They are articulated around an analytical study on the subject of Problem Solving and its philosophical tenants. Considering the lack of conceptual understanding of the theoretical - philosophical presuppositions that bear on practices in Problem Solving, we aim to carry out an analytical study of the discourses th at permeate, engender and potentiate elements as: practices , theories, theorizations and other discourses on Problem Solving both on the national and international scene , besides running them . In order to do so, we proceeded to Michel Foucault’s discourse analysis based on archaeogenealogy, as a tool box, to compose an analysis with the corpus of this research, which consists of interviews, questionnaires, articles, books, theses, dissertations and other academic materials. A guiding question to be addressed in this “ tessiture” is: How and which philosophical presuppositions work or running discourses present in the researches in Problem Solving? As well as its implications on discursive practices related to the theme. Thus, we observe that there are moments, movements, practices and discourses that have a theoretical foundation very consistent with the philosophical tenants that support them. On the other hand, there are those who do not have credible concerns with theory, residing in praxis as the structuring axis of their practices in Problem Solving. There are situations in which Problem Solving fits into the aegis of a methodology . In another scenario , it can be conceived as something broader and more complex, which aims to deal with problematic fields, elements and concepts such as subject, mathematical objects, pedagogy, mathematical knowledge, society, didactics, finally, a range of subjects can be worked from this perspective, approaching it of a Philosophy of Mathematics Education. This allows us to infer, in some way, that in order to understand Problem Solving with its principles, bases and proposals for research, educational and educative practice , it is extremely necessary to understand its theoretical presuppositions, because that will give the tone of something restricted or broad, a methodology or a philosophy. However, such a conception will always be local and regional, being validated and legitimized by the community that practices it.