Os principais aspectos abordados são a difusão da produção de tabaco e do tráfico de escravos da Costa da Mina na capitania de Pernambuco. Os dois temas são relacionados às distintas fases pelas quais passou a economia da capitania e a do Brasil entre 1654 e 1760. Demonstra-se que aqueles setores tiveram sua dinâmica estreitamente vinculada à principal produção exportadora, seja do açúcar de Pernambuco, seja do ouro do centro-sul da colônia. / The difusion of tobacco production in Pernambuco captaincy and its slave trade bound to Costa da Mina are the main addressed subjetcs. Both themes are related to the distinct phases wich Pernambuco captaincys e Brazils economy underwent between 1654 and 1760. Its demonstrated that those economic activities evolvement was closely linked with the leader exporting productions, namely Pernambucos sugar as much as South Central colonys gold.

O presente trabalho dedica-se ao estudo da economia e da demografia da escravidão na cidade de Batatais (SP) no decorrer da segunda metade do século XIX. A pesquisa teve como fonte principal os inventários post-mortem datados de 1851 a 1887 e utilizou, de forma complementar, as escrituras de transações envolvendo escravos, registradas na localidade entre 1861 e 1887, e a Lista de Qualificação de Votantes, de 1874. De início, avançou-se à análise do evolver demográfico e econômico do Sertão do Rio Pardo, e, mais especificamente, de Batatais, durante os séculos XVIII a XX. Em seguida procedeu-se ao exame das formas, distribuição e dinâmica dos recursos possuídos pelos batataenses em uma economia essencialmente pecuarista e agricultora de subsistência, que assistiu, nas últimas décadas do século XIX, ao avanço da cultura cafeeira e à substituição do trabalho compulsório pelo livre. Outrossim, com o auxílio das fontes secundárias, realizou-se uma análise demográfica e de estrutura de posse do contingente escravo ali residente, examinando as principais características dos cativos e dos senhores batataenses, além de acompanhar o impacto exercido pelas modificações ocorridas no sistema escravista brasileiro. Por fim, ocupou-se do exame das relações familiares estabelecidas entre os cativos e ingênuos inventariados e comercializados, delineando seu perfil e investigando sua estabilidade frente à partilha dos bens inventariados / This research analyzes the economy and slave demography of the city of Batatais (SP) during the second half of the 19th century. The study has, as the main source, the post mortem inventories from 1851 to 1887 and, as secondary sources, the transfer of ownership documents related to slaves - registered between 1861 and 1887 - and the Vote Qualifying List (1874). The work begins with the analysis of the economic and demographic characteristics of Sertão do Rio Pardo and, more specifically, Batatais, from the 18th to the 20th centuries, followed by the analysis of the allocation, accumulation and dynamics of the wealth held by the local inhabitants. At that time, economy was dedicated to cattle and subsistence agriculture and, in the late decades of the 19th century, gave place to the advance of coffee plantation and the shift of slavery work to free work. Hence, this study analyzed the local slaves, concerning demographics and possessions, and observed the main characteristics of the slaves and their owners, related to the changes occurred to the Brazilian slavery. Finally, the structure and demographic characteristics of slave families were analyzed through the information obtained in the inventories and ownership documents, with further investigations of their stability during the division of the inventoried assets

This master’s thesis deals with a total concept of decentralized control system for process control by means of PLC SIMATIC. This concept is demonstrated on a model of a portal crane in the introductory chapter. The second chapter is focused on industrial communication network PROFIBUS. Different types of this network and ways of communication are described. The third chapter is concerned with industrial communication network PROFINET (Industrial Ethernet). Different types of this network and ways of communication techniques are described. The next chapter presents components of Siemens company, which are necessary for creation of demanded control system. The following part describes the programming facilities for STEP 7 programs - Simatic Manager, Micro/WIN and WinCC flexible. It contains creation of the control system including communications on the networks.

The purpose of this essay is to explore how the interplay between gender and double consciousness is used as a rhetorical device in Harriet Jacobs’ autobiographical narrative “Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl” (1861). Through a feminist theoretical lens and the concept of double consciousness I provide examples from the text illustrating Jacobs’ strategic use of different narrative techniques to convey her abolitionist message.Formulärets överkant The analysis delve into the intricate dual identities that Jacobs’ struggles with as an enslaved woman lacking autonomy, while simultaneously trying to live up to society’s expectation of a “good” woman in the antebellum South. The gendered version of double consciousness works persuasively and highlights her complex situation. By portraying the challenges of an oppressed woman striving to meet societal ideals, Jacobs encourages her readers to support the abolitionist cause.

African children in the Atlantic slave trade shared the same desire for freedom as their adult counterparts. They demonstrated agency by using their non-threatening appearance, curiosity, and adaptability to escape captivity or alleviate their predicaments. Previous studies on African children in the slave trade are centered on the circumstances that African children were subjected to rather than the actions they took to navigate those spaces. These works primarily relied on European sources to understand the experience of the enslaved youth in the eighteenth century. I use a combination of slave narratives, slave ship records, and Pierre Bourdieu’s habitus theory to understand the enslaved youth's adaptability, intentions, and actions. This study highlights African children's agency and historical contributions in the eighteenth century by studying how they responded to their captivity in the Atlantic slave trade.

This study examines the slave narratives The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, The History of Mary Prince, A West Indian Slave, Related by Herself and The Bondwoman’s Narrative to determine the way in which these texts depict the economics of labor in slave society. Taking into account the specific socio-historical contexts in which these narratives were written, this study analyzes the way in which the representations of labor in these narratives interrogate slavery and address issues relating to the social relations and power dynamics of their respective societies. Emphasis is given to the way in which the gender complexities of slavery merge with the dynamics of labor thereby underscoring some of the peculiarities of the female slave experience.

This study seeks to explore the nature and activities of the anti-abolitionists in the era of British abolition. There were Britons who actively opposed the idea of abolishing the slave trade and West Indian slavery. They published works promoting and defending the trade and the institution of slavery. They challenged abolitionist assertions and claims about life in the colonies and the nature of the slaves and attacked the sentimental nature of abolitionist rhetoric. Proslavery MPs argued in Parliament for the maintenance of slavery and the slave trade. Members of the West Indian interest formed committees to produce their own propaganda and petitions. They also worked with Parliament to develop strategies to ameliorate slavery and end British slaveholding, whilst securing several more years of plantation labour and financial compensation for slaveholders. Politicians, writers, members of the West Indian interest, and their supporters actively fought to maintain colonial slavery and the prosperity of Britain and the colonies. A wide range of sources has been employed to reveal the true nature of the proslavery arguments advanced in Britain in the era of abolition. These include committee minutes, petitions, pamphlets, reviews, manuals, travel writing, scientific studies, political prints, portraits, poetry and song, plays, and the records of every parliamentary debate on slavery, the slave trade, and the West Indian colonies. Specific proslavery and anti-abolitionist arguments have been identified and analysed using these sources, with some commentary on how the setting or genre potentially impacted on the argument being presented. This analysis reveals that economic, racial, legal, historical, strategic, religious, moral, and humanitarian arguments were all used to counter the growing popularity of abolition and emancipation. Proslavery rhetoric in Parliament is also analysed, revealing an active proslavery side committed to fighting abolition. Overall, this study contributes to our current understanding of the timing, nature, and reception of British abolition in Britain by showing that the process was influenced by a serious debate.

This thesis interrogates how Lawrence Hill’s The Book of Negroes represents histories of violence ethically by utilizing Emmanuel Lévinas’s philosophy of ethics as a methodology for interpretation. Traditional slave narratives like Olaudah Equiano’s autobiography and postmodern neo-slave narratives like Toni Morrison’s Beloved animate the violence endemic to slavery and colonialism in an effort to emphasize struggles in conscience, the incomprehensible atrocities, and strategies of rebellion. However, this project illustrates how The Book of Negroes supplements these literary goals with Hill’s own imagination of how slaves contested the inhumanities thrust upon them. Through his aesthetic choices as a realist, Hill foregrounds the possibilities of pacifism, singular identities, and altruistic agency through his protagonist Aminata Diallo. These three narrative elements constitute Lévinas’s ethical peace, which means displaying a profound sensitivity towards the historical Other whom imperial discourses and traditional representations of catastrophes in Black history might obscure. / Graduate / 0325 / 0328 / 0352 / jaslife12@hotmail.com

This thesis deals with the Afro-European trade on the Western Slave Coast from about 1600 to the 1880s, mainly the slave trade but also the trade in ivory and agricultural produce. The Western Slave Coast comprises the coastal areas of modem Togo and parts of the coastal areas of Ghana and Benin. For much of the period under discussion, this region was dominated by two kingdoms, the kingdom of the Hula (or Pla), known to European traders as Great or Grand Popo, after its coastal port (in modern Benin), and the kingdom of the Ge (Gen/Guin/Genyi), known to European traders as Little Popo, after its main coastal port (in modern Togo). In the nineteenth century, two more ports of trade appeared in the region, Agoud (in modem Benin) and Porto Seguro (in modern Togo). In terms of the Afro-European trade, this was an intermediate area between regions of greater importance to slave traders, the Gold Coast to the west and the eastern Slave Coast (mainly the kingdom of Dahomey) to the east. This thesis gives a detailed reconstruction of the political and commercial developments in the region, especially for the period from the 1780s and the 1860s. The discussion is based mainly on archival material from British, French and African archives, but also makes use of a wide range of published accounts, mainly in English, French and German, and information from oral traditions. Beyond its immediate local interest, the thesis contributes to our understanding of the operation of the Afro-European trade and its impact on African middleman societies. The intermittent commercial success of 'the Popos' illustrates the dynamics of the trade especially clearly. The Western Slave Coast is placed into the wider transatlantic trade network and its role in the trade re-evaluated. The link between the local and overseas economy is illustrated by the centrality of the lagoon, which is discussed in detail. Other important issues that are addressed include the role of the canoemen in the trade, the transition from the slave trade to the palm oil trade and the Afro-Brazilian settlement at Agoue.

Este trabalho busca compreender o negócio dos contratos num período de expansão da economia colonial, marcado pelo início da mineração. Em um momento marcado por grandes transformações, percebemos que a já utilizada prática dos contratos se configura mais uma vez enquanto uma relação bilateral, mas que buscam objetivos diferentes: Enquanto para Coroa portuguesa os contratos são uma forma de arrecadar seus tributos e explorar seus monopólios sem participar diretamente dos riscos e investimentos inerentes a essas atividades, para os homens de negócio aparece como uma estratégia de se aproveitar dos monopólios e direitos da metrópole e, assim, aumentar seus cabedais, mesmo enfrentando riscos e descaminhos. Esses interesses, mesmo que diferentes, se confluem para manter e alimentar o sistema colonial. Nessa perspectiva, por ser o tráfico de escravos um dos principais âmbitos da colonização, escolhemos o contrato dos direitos dos escravos que vem da Costa da Mina e Cabo Verde como instrumento de análise da atuação desses negociantes / This study seeks to understand the negotiation of contracts in a period of colonial economic expansion, marked by the beginning of mining. At a time of great transformations, we realize that the already used practice of contracts configure itself once more as a bilateral relationship, but pursue different goals: while for the Portuguese crown contracts are a way to collect their taxes and exploit their monopolies without participating directly of the risks and investments inherent in these activities, for the businessmen it appears as a strategy to take advantage of monopolies and rights of the metropolis, and thus increase its uppers while facing risks. These interests, even if different, converge to: maintain and feed the colonial system. In this perspective, for being the slave trade one of the main aspects of colonization, we choose the contract for the rights of slaves coming from Costa da Mina and Cabo Verde as an instrument for analyzing the activity of these traders