No description available.

The intensification of downtown Vancouver is the result of a structured fiscal, design and planning project. Cardinal to this effort is the realization of public amenities through the development process. However, those involved in the struggle to control the provision of amenities deny that no less than the determination of legitimate public goods is at stake in the contest. Employing Bourdieu's understanding of capital and related description of social space, the objective of the thesis is to examine how amenity production is oriented by the public benefit's utility to the dominant interest of capital accumulation. Reviewing the adoption of discretionary zoning and its corollaries to planning permission explicates the relation of a legalized aesthetic to the process of amenitization. The understanding of physical heritage asa public value is among the derivatives of this association with the introduction of planning mechanisms to encourage the retention of historic structures. The subsequent naturalization of heritage as public value and concurrent endowment of its capacity to facilitate development serves as an appropriate vehicle in the consideration of amenity valuation. By specifying the physical form and the legitimated community value of approved development, City reports and bylaws are the primary means of study. Analysis of these documents finds heritage to be the principal amenity realized through development mechanisms and illustrates its substantial influence on the physical and social space of the city. Case studies further support the thesis objective by addressing the constitution of public amenities aligned with the accommodation of the dominant interest; the unbounded consideration of heritage supports the retention of the physical features most conducive to intensification and results in greater development ability in terms of both private capital and in the realization of more bounded social amenities. The misrecognition of this key utility lends considerable authority over the physical transformation of the city and, more importantly, facilitates control of the related social environment. The thesis concludes that heritage serves the ideological continuation of the field of power, and cautions that recent efforts to consider less tangible qualities are symptomatic of this process.

<p>The thesis offers an interpretive account of the formation of a field of struggle relating to low-income housing in Toronto during the Depression. The stakes in the struggle are established by showing how rival authorities competed for influence over the definition of a housing problem and promoted new state projects of slum clearance, district redevelopment, public housing, and neighbourhood rehabilitation. A particular contribution of the research is to link interventions made to direct state development with the production and reproduction of spatially constituted social structures of Toronto. Through the reconstruction of the form and trajectory of a local housing market using oral histories, archived commentaries, photographic and quantitative sources, practices of housing provision are connected with patterns of service that contributed to class relations in the city.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A dissertaÃÃo ora apresentada buscou compreender o processo de construÃÃo do campo adotivo brasileiro. Este espaÃo social tem se edificado a partir da atuaÃÃo de atores sociais oriundos da sociedade civil organizada e do Estado que se embatem, disputam e formam alianÃas ao longo dos Ãltimos 30 anos, no intuito de maturar leis e diretrizes simbÃlicas que regulem a prÃtica da adotiva no paÃs. Este trabalho foi constituÃdo a partir de minha inserÃÃo no campo adotivo, no contato com o Grupo de Apoio à AdoÃÃo de Fortaleza â GAAD LaÃos de Amor, e na participaÃÃo dos Encontros Nacionais de AdoÃÃo, - ENAPAS, de SÃo Paulo, 2009, Curitiba, 2011 e BrasÃlia, 2012. ApÃs realizaÃÃo de observaÃÃo participante no referido GAAD e da compilaÃÃo de falas dos principais interlocutores do movimento nacional de adoÃÃo pude perceber a formataÃÃo de todo um complexo de atores sociais que vem se unindo em torno da temÃtica adotiva no paÃs, formatando uma complexa rede de interdependÃncia que almeja a nomeaÃÃo oficial da adoÃÃo, o controle dos processos de entrega de crianÃas bem como a mudanÃa dos perfis de pretendentes à adoÃÃo de crianÃas em situaÃÃo de acolhimento institucional. Destes agrupamentos tem se destacado a atuaÃÃo dos GAADs e do Poder JudiciÃrio, que, imbuÃdos pelos interesses pessoais de seus membros, grupos, classes e fraÃÃes de classe, e pelos novos imaginÃrios sociais de crianÃa e adolescente, vem modificando e criando novas leis e legislaÃÃes nacionais como o Plano Nacional de ConvivÃncia Familiar e ComunitÃria, 2006, O Cadastro Nacional de AdoÃÃo, CNA 2008, e a Nova Lei Nacional de AdoÃÃo, 2009. Esse processo tem convergido para uma uniÃo oficial entre Estado e sociedade civil organizada na busca disciplinar as prÃticas adotivas, principalmente dos indivÃduos que se encontram fora da esfera de nomeaÃÃo oficial: pais biolÃgicos que entregam seus filhos em adoÃÃo e pretendentes a adoÃÃo. As disputas entre essas classes e grupos se colocam de forma complexa e contraditÃria no campo, pois, ao mesmo tempo em que se engendram prÃticas de dominaÃÃo, atravÃs da formaÃÃo de leis que visam impedir ou condicionar os processos de escolha dos indivÃduos dos grupos a fora da esfera oficial, estes Ãltimos se interpÃe em novas estratÃgias de âilegalidadeâ para a efetivaÃÃo de seus interesses e simbologias pessoais. / The following paper was written seeking further compreension of the brazilian adoption sceneâs construction process. This social space has been built with the help of several social actors from the organized civil society and the State wich have been clashing their interests for the last 30 years, seeking oficial field nomination process as well as growing their symbolic laws and guidelines that can regulate adoption actions in the country. This text was made after mine living in the adoptive field, based on the experience with the Grupo de Apoio à AdoÃÃo de Fortaleza â GAAD LaÃos de Amor, and on the participation of Encontros Nacionais de AdoÃÃo, - ENAPAS, at SÃo Paulo, 2009, Curitiba, 2011 and BrasÃlia, 2012. After the participation on the GAAD, and the compilation of the national adoption movement main oratorâs speeches, I noticed the formation of a complex of social actors that are gathering togheter around a common theme, the adoption in the country; in the last 30 years, they have been building a complex network aiming to control the children delivery process on the adoptioin and the profile changes of the adopters. Of these groups, the GAADs and the Judiciary have been highlighted, with the personal interest of their members, groups, classes and fractions of classes, and the new imaginary children and teenagers socials, they have been changing and creating new national laws like the Plano Nacional de ConvivÃncia Familiar e ComunitÃria, 2006, O Cadastro Nacional de AdoÃÃo, CNA, 2008 and the Nova Lei Nacional de AdoÃÃo, 2009. This process is heading to a union between the State and the organized civil society, looking after teaching the several adoption pratices, mostly to whom are outside of the oficial nomination sphere, such as biological parents whom give their childs to adoption and adopters, creating dispute between classes and groups wich stands in a social grey area that uses the complex laws as a strategy to get their interests performed.

This thesis argues that Māori popular music, regardless of genre, is a valuable resource in the formulation of a vibrant and relevant Māori rangatahi (youth) identity. Specifically, the research investigates the complex relationship between popular music, social space, and Māori culture and community in Aotearoa. The researcher interviewed six participants from within the Māori music community and practiced participant observation at popular music events. The findings of this qualitative research are framed by an in-depth literature review into questions of Māori identity, as well as an application of ethnomusicology theories on the relationship of music to place and community. The research output includes both a 30-minute documentary and this accompanying exegesis, which frames the documentary within relevant fields of scholarship and presents a critical analysis of its successes and weaknesses. The researcher elected to create a documentary in recognition of the medium’s ability to maintain the voice of the research participants, capture the dynamism of the Māori popular music scene, and increase the potential for the research to reach a wider audience. The use of documentary also allows for an exploration of the relationship between music and documentary, and begins a discussion on the potential of socially-conscious rockumentaries to reveal crucial social issues. Finally, the exegesis questions the ethics of outsider filmmaking, and explores how the concept of ‘Kaupapa Māori filmmaking’ influenced the process of making the film.

The extensive literature on public open space illustrates that it is of great importance to the quality of life. This is particularly true in Syria where public open spaces play a critical role in the urban structure of cities and in the inhabitant’s daily existence. There is published evidence that improving the quality of public open spaces requires a comprehensive analysis of these spaces in order to be able to evaluate their quality. This thesis is concerned with investigating and evaluating public open spaces in Hama, Syria both in terms of the quality of the spaces themselves and the process of creating and managing these spaces in order to offer suggestions for improving the quality of life in Hama through improving the quality of its spaces. The research strategy, the social spatial approach, involves understanding the investigative context as: (a) a social phenomenon, by exploring the residents’ perceptions, professionals’ perceptions and users’ behaviour, (b) a spatial phenomenon, by exploring the physical and spatial structure of Hama. The research adopts a case study method choosing three parks as examples for their distinctive features, and a range of different qualitative and quantitative techniques are applied systematically to these parks and their wider context. These techniques comprised: a questionnaire survey with residents in Hama; observation and behavioural mapping in the parks; semi-structured interviews with professionals involved in the design and management process; land use and urban form surveys; space syntax applied at micro and macro scale; and a desk-top study of documents. The findings of the evaluation illustrate that the qualities of the three selected parks could be enhanced. In addition, they show the there is scope for a participatory process of design and management to ensure that the final delivery of new parks and the development of existing ones meet the users’ expectations. The research draws a number of conclusions, which are developed into a set of general recommendations. Two of the key suggestions are (a) the provision of good quality public facilities which meet residents’ needs in the parks (b) the provision of training programmes by Hama City Council for those involved in the development and delivery process of public open spaces. Both are vital if the quality of the public open spaces is to be improved.

This ethnography draws upon fieldwork experiences in South Manchester, England. The central theme is an exploration of the everyday relatedness of mothering practices, class, space and belonging. I examine mothering as practiced in both the politics of state intervention and through the mundane experiences of women living in a specific social space: the Wythenshawe Council Estate.This research explores how support programs for raising children and a specific home-visiting volunteer project to support mothers promote the production and reproduction of a particular kind of moral citizen (individualised, autonomous, and disciplined selves). I argue that volunteering schemes come to play a key role as government technology. Women volunteers who live in the community in which they volunteer (indigenous experts) come to act as a model for other local women, who are usually defined by the authorities (professional experts), as lacking the right kind of knowledge The volunteers are thus challenged to enhance and empower their neighbors and friends. However, this transmission does not occur in a linear fashion, but in quite subversive ways. While local women are actively involved in the use and appropriation of the resources provided by these programs, at the same time, they resist and transform them according to their own needs and desires.I also argue that mothering functions as metaphor and metonym for the imagined nation-state. The experience of living on the Estate is not just a physical act, but a permanent negotiation of who you are as a person in the defined social space of the Estate. I learned what it means to belong to Wythenshawe through its spatiality, but I also learnt a particular mode of belonging through my own racial and class background. My experiences of being a Latin-American ethnographer living on the Estate, whose population is mostly white and living on low income, significantly shaped my fieldwork experiences

The Swedish people’s attitude towards multiculturalism is generally positive and has been so for a long period of time. In recent years attitudes have become increasingly polarized between those who are positive and negative. The multicultural project is subject to an increasingly sharp criticism. The purpose of this study is to investigate attitudes and life practices within a specific group, a group which some consider to be an elite of knowledge in this context, university lecturers. The study examines whether the attitudes and life practices are in agreement or whether there is a discrepancy between the two. The theoretical outset for the study has been Pierre Bourdieu's theory of social space, habitus, capital forms and social positions. The result shows that all informants have a positive attitude towards multiculturalism. At the same time, their life practice is strongly characterized by a culturally homogeneous way of life and the encounter with other cultures in the Swedish context is very marginal, which is generally also forwarded to their children. In other words, there is a distinct discrepancy between attitude and life practice. Thus, there is a risk that the position of agents with a different cultural heritage, on the basis of lack of symbolic capital, will be entrenched far down in the social space.

While large performance spaces fulfill important cultural, civic, architectural and artistic needs, few performing artists begin their careers playing in large halls. As in professional sports, the “minor leagues” play a critical role for professional performing artists by allowing them to both reach out to new audiences and hone their performance skills. Niche and emerging performing artists, therefore, rely on small performance spaces as their principal means exercising their craft. In addition to size, one important difference between large and small performance spaces is the criticality of the social experience. Small performance spaces are often informal, with entertainment being secondary to social functions - as in the case of the neighborhood coffee house, bar or restaurant that offers periodic performances in addition to their standard fare. The hybridization of social and performance functions offers a “ready-made” audience for niche and emerging performing artists, engendering the new and random audience-performer connections that are so critical to nurturing performing artists and the performing arts in general. The disparate social and attentive programmatic functions of these hybrid spaces offer a challenge to architects and designers. Providing a hybrid social/performance space that is optimized for niche and emerging performing artists is the central design problem that this thesis seeks to address.

No description available.