Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 85-91) Also available in print.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-03-11T23:12:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TamiresLima_Mem?riasBrincantes.pdf: 2157743 bytes, checksum: 9e8d91780e75c019fe18675bf9cf4c91 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-11T23:12:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TamiresLima_Mem?riasBrincantes.pdf: 2157743 bytes, checksum: 9e8d91780e75c019fe18675bf9cf4c91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-08 / This research is an investigation about handmade toys by "marisqueiras" (female shellfish catcher) from Colony of fishermen and Aquaculture Z-67, located in Paripe, Salvador-BA. This knowledge is considered a material and immaterial patrimony. So, after made interviews with ?marisqueiras?, this research understands how such toys were built in childhood, your methods, materials and way of playing. The objective of this research is found traces of vernacular design in handmade toys; register and disseminate ancient ways of playing and consuming the toy, considering that they depend the available materials and knowledge, but mostly imaginary and cultural context. The investigation problem of this research is: What is the design of handmade toys to ?marisqueiras? of Paripe (Salvador-BA)? The methodology is based on ethnographic method was applied, using semi-structured interviews with ?marisqueiras? to learn your childhood stories and reconstruction of toys. Finally, was found that all individuals are creative and are able to create depending on your need. And just like the toys of the ?marisqueiras? of this study, handmade toys have own creative solutions vernacular design and lacks recognition and appreciation. / Esta pesquisa ? uma investiga??o sobre como eram feitos os brinquedos artesanais de marisqueiras da Col?nia de Pescadores e Aquicultores Z-67, localizada em Paripe, bairro de Salvador-BA. Esse saber artesanal ? considerado um patrim?nio material e imaterial, portanto, por meio de entrevistas com as marisqueiras, esta pesquisa compreendeu como tais brinquedos eram constru?dos na inf?ncia, seus m?todos, materiais e modos de brincar. O objetivo desta pesquisa ? afirmar que existem tra?os do design vernacular nos brinquedos artesanais; registrar e difundir antigas formas de brincar e de consumir o brinquedo, considerando que dependiam dos materiais e conhecimento dispon?veis, mas principalmente do imagin?rio e do contexto cultural pertencente a essas pessoas. O problema de investiga??o desta pesquisa ?: Qual ? o design dos brinquedos artesanais de marisqueiras do bairro de Paripe (Salvador-BA)? A metodologia ? baseada no m?todo etnogr?fico, utilizando-se de entrevistas semiestruturadas com marisqueiras, relatos da inf?ncia e reconstru??o dos brinquedos. Por fim, conclui-se que todos os indiv?duos s?o criativos e, por isso, s?o capazes de criar dependendo de sua necessidade. E, assim como os brinquedos das marisqueiras deste estudo, os brinquedos artesanais apresentam solu??es criativas pr?prias do design vernacular e necessita do reconhecimento e valoriza??o desses saberes.

Worldwide, toy libraries are regarded as a non-centre-based early childhood education programme. In South Africa the majority of young children live in poverty and do not have access to early learning opportunities and play materials before entering formal schooling. This study investigated how toy libraries provide play-based learning opportunities for young children. Seven toy library sites located in five South African provinces (Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal and North West) participated in the study. The participants consisted of toy librarians, managers and parents. The toy librarians were selected purposively, applying the criterion that play-based early learning sessions were provided to children younger than six years. The research methodology employed was qualitative, and an interpretivist paradigm informed the multiple case study design. The conceptual framework was based on learning and systems theories informing how young children learn. The toy library operations and play-based early learning session characteristics inform the framework of quality standards for toy libraries. The data production strategies included focus group discussions of photographs, document analysis and observations of play sessions. The group discussion and observation transcriptions, documentation and photographs were analysed by means of coding. Three themes, namely young children and learning, toy library operations and play-based early learning, and nine sub-themes emerged that include academic learning, 21st century skills, administration, play materials, services, challenges, developmentally appropriate practice by toy librarians, play-based learning pedagogy indicators and characteristics of play-based learning. The findings indicate that toy libraries provide access to play-based early learning sessions to young children. However, a variety of developmentally and culturally as well as age-appropriate play materials and play-based early learning sessions that include a variety of play opportunities are required. In addition, the framework of quality standards for toy libraries was enhanced as a result of the study. This framework provides guidance on how to operate a toy library which includes, apart from lending toys, play-based early learning sessions in its services. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Early Childhood Education / PhD / Unrestricted

Title also in Chinese. / Abstract in English and Chinese. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: leaves 54-57. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv / Chapter Chapter I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Turnover Problem in Hong Kong --- p.1 / Objective and Scope --- p.2 / Contents of the Following Chapters --- p.3 / Chapter Chapter II --- A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK --- p.4 / Definition --- p.4 / Effect of Turnover --- p.5 / Causes of Turnover --- p.8 / Opportunity of Alternative Employment --- p.14 / Summary --- p.14 / Chapter Chapter III --- RESEARCH OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY --- p.17 / Objective --- p.17 / Propositions --- p.17 / Methodology --- p.18 / Measurement --- p.20 / Statistical Tests --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter IV --- FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS --- p.26 / Management Attitude --- p.26 / Job Characteristics and Job Satisfaction --- p.29 / Age and Job Satisfaction --- p.30 / Length of Service and Job Satisfaction --- p.32 / Sex and Job Satisfaction --- p.33 / Marital Status and Job Satisfaction --- p.35 / Education and Job Satisfaction --- p.36 / Intracompany Comparison and Job Satisfaction --- p.37 / Intercompany Comparison and Job Satisfaction --- p.39 / Summary --- p.40 / Chapter Chapter V --- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.42 / Possible Ways to Reduce Turnover --- p.42 / Further Research Recommendations --- p.49 / APPENDIX --- p.51 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.54

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

Då konsumenter idag är mer benägna att påtala brister i reklam, är det av intresse för företaget bakom den aktuella reklamen att häva missnöjet samt att skapa en långsiktig lösning som förebygger att missnöje återkommer. Syftet med denna uppsats är att redogöra för hur företag, med Top Toy som exempel, kan arbeta för att mildra och häva det missnöje som härrör från reklamkampanjer, samt hur företag kan arbeta för att lära sig av denna process. Detta undersöks genom en fallstudie av leksaksföretaget Top Toy, som under en fyraårsperiod mottog klagomål på sina könsstereotypa leksakskataloger och successivt arbetade för att nå en lösning som kunde eliminera missnöjet. För att uppfylla syftet genomfördes studier av sekundärdata samt en kvalitativ undersökning bestående av en ostrukturerad samt två semi- strukturerade intervjuer; dels med en anställd hos Reklamombudsmannen, dels med ledningsassistenten på Top Toy. Resultatet påvisar en företagsprocess åsyftande att häva samt mildra kundmissnöjet, utifrån vilken Top Toy har lärt sig och skapat en långsiktig lösning i form av en könsneutral leksakskatalog. Slutsatsen av uppsatsen är att lärande utifrån kundmissnöje är möjligt och kan ha en positiv inverkan på företags verksamhet.

The thesis is devoted to the study of one of the methods of activation - the game. During the game, the students are involved actively, they are motivated and creative. The main aim is to explore the advantages of the introduction of gaming activities in the teaching of chemistry, as well as the overall topic of gaming activities, the conditions for these activities in chemistry teaching and suggestions for their implementation in education. The part of the thesis is complex of 11 precific games and toys, which are prepared for teaching chemistry at the primary and high schools and universities uncommonly. This file contains the rules, methodological instructions, time allocation, and everything needed for the teaching of games. The practical part will also find a list of many previously published and unpublished games and toys, which can serve as inspiration for teachers of chemistry. Making an inquiry carried out in two elementary schools to confirm the presumption that the study results achieved through gaming activities, are more satisfactory than the results, in which gaming activities were not used.

Playing with toys as a means of environmental engagement has long been considered important in early child development (Messer, Rachford, McCarthy, & Yarrow, 1987; Wolery & Werts, 1994). However, children with highly significant disabilities often engage in toy play less frequently than their peers without disabilities (Blasco, Bailey, & Burchinal, 1993; Langley, 1985) and frequently need specialized support to promote toy play (Ivory & McCollum, 1999; Langley, 1985). Preference assessment technology was used to identify preferred sensory attributes. Those sensory attributes were embedded into a toy previously identified as nonpreferred based on selection and amount of toy play. Differences were noted in caregiver opinion of sensory preference when compared to a sensory attribute preference assessment. The initial paired-item presentation consisted of a rotation of 4 toys from the natural environment using a child-directed approach, which consisted of choice, prompting, and praise for completion of functional toy play. An additional condition added the child's preferred sensory attribute to a nonpreferred toy using the above-mentioned procedures. Results indicated that the addition of a preferred sensory attribute increased selection of that toy with 2 of 3 children, and resulted in increased independent functional toy play for all 3 children.

Mulher e homem, a partir do final do século XX, dividem tarefas, realizam praticamente as mesmas atividades e disputam os mesmos espaços de trabalho. É esse o discurso com o qual temos contato, diariamente, e que nos leva a pensar que homem e mulher vivem, hoje, em condição de igualdade; ou quase. O discurso midiático, de maneira geral, coloca em circulação sentidos para masculino e feminino segundo os quais não há, na contemporaneidade, uma divisão de papéis e espaços para homem e mulher. Já o discurso publicitário sobre o brinquedo, especificamente, vai de encontro ao que diz a mídia, posto que há uma notável divisão entre o que é destinado a meninas e o que é legítimo para os meninos, em relação aos brinquedos. Cores, formas e temas apontam para com o que meninos e meninas podem ou não brincar, ponto que, muitas vezes, é corroborado pelos pais e/ou professores, quando no contexto escolar. Pensando nessas questões, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o discurso sobre o brinquedo, no discurso publicitário e nas vozes dos sujeitos da pesquisa, crianças de 4 a 6 anos de uma escola de Educação Infantil da rede municipal de ensino de Ribeirão Preto-SP, a fim de compreender quais sentidos e representações de gênero circulam nesses espaços discursivos. Para tal, o dispositivo analítico que utilizamos, a Análise do Discurso pecheutiana, não impõe categorias previamente estabelecidas nem mesmo procura ver através do que é posto, o que seria um movimento limitado de interpretação de conteúdo. Pelo contrário, para nós analistas do discurso, fundamental é a materialidade do texto, especialmente, em sua opacidade. Dessa maneira, o olhar do analista estará sempre voltado às condições de produção do discurso, aos sujeitos discursivos e à ideologia que possibilita tanto a manutenção quanto a transformação dos sentidos. Como metodologia, selecionamos nosso corpus por meio de uma pesquisa em um site de busca, na internet. Utilizando as palavras-chave \"brinquedo\", \"menino\", \"menina\", escolhemos os sites melhor avaliados na lista e, a partir daí fomos selecionando textos escritos e visuais em sites e blogs. Além disso, foram realizadas entrevistas com as crianças em horário de aula, e os sujeitos responderam a perguntas previamente selecionadas, bem como a questões que surgiram no momento. Com as análises realizadas, o que temos como resultado é que o brinquedo é discursivizado de maneira que determina, em certa medida, o que é legitimado para menino e menina e o que se mantém interditado para ambos, contrariando os sentidos que circulam, na contemporaneidade, de que homens e mulheres podem cuidar de casa, dos filhos, trabalhar nos mesmos lugares, ou seja, de que não há mais uma rígida separação de gênero. Por outro lado, existem rupturas pois nos textos analisados sentidos de transformação aparecem tanto no discurso publicitário quanto nas vozes das crianças e o novo emerge encontrando espaço em alguns discursos. Assim sendo, temos que, ainda que seja perceptível uma mudança na ordem dos papéis desempenhados por homem e mulher na sociedade atual, quando analisamos o discurso publicitário sobre o brinquedo e escutamos a voz do sujeito-criança, constatamos que os sentidos dominantes ainda se apresentam engessados em discursos que sustentam que meninos e meninas não brincam com os mesmos brinquedos. Se as propagandas e anúncios publicitários destinados à criança - especialmente pela TV insistem em repetir tais sentidos, defendemos que a escola deve constituir-se como um contraponto ao apelo publicitário e ser um lugar discursivo de (trans)formação e o professor deve colocar em curso discursos abertos à polifonia, os quais coloquem os sujeitos-alunos em contato com inúmeras possibilidades de sentidos e interpretações e, desse modo, os alunos terão a oportunidade de aprender que o sentido pode vir a ser outro. / Woman and man, as from the late twentieth century, divide tasks, perform virtually the same activities and compete for the work place. This is the discourse which we come into contact daily, and that leads us to think that man and woman live today in conditions of equality, or almost. The advertising discourse brings forward an idea of male and female in which man and woman alternate roles, for both family and society\'s well-being. Whereas the advertising discourse about the toy specifically goes against what the media says, since there is a noticeable divide between what is meant for girls and what is legitimate for boys in relation to toys. Color, shape and themes point to what boys and girls can play or not, the point that is often supported by parents and/or teachers when in a school context. Thinking about these issues, the aim of this paper is to analyze the discourse about the toy in the advertising discourse and the voices of the research subjects, children 4-6 years of a pre-school of the city of Ribeirão Preto-SP, in order to understand what meanings and representations of gender circulate these discursive spaces. For this purpose, we use the analytical device, the pecheutian Analysis of Discourse, does not impose predetermined categories or even tries to see through what is stated, which would be a limited movement of content rendering. Rather, for us discourse analysts, the materiality of the text is fundamental, especially in its opacity. Thus, the gaze of the analyst is always geared to the production conditions of discourse, the discursive subject and ideology that allows both maintenance and transformation of the senses. As methodology we have selected our corpus by means of a query on a search engine on the internet. Using the keywords \"toy\", \"boy\", \"girl\", we have chosen the best reviewed sites from a list, and from there we selected written and visual texts on websites and blogs. In addition , interviews were conducted with the children during classes, and participants answered questions previously selected, as well as issues that arose at the time. With our analysis, we came to the result that the toy is discoursified so it determines, to some extent, what is legitimized for boy and girl and that remains shut for both, contradicting the meanings that circulate in the contemporary period, that men and women can take care of the household, children, work in the same place, that is to say, that there is no longer a strict separation of gender. Moreover, because there are gaps because in the analyzed texts the meanings of transformation appear in advertising discourse as well as in the voices of children and the new emerges finding space in some discourses. Thus, we have, even if there is a noticeable change in the order of roles played by male and female in society today, when we analyze the advertising discourse on the toy we can hear the voice of the child-subject, we found that the dominant meanings still find themselves restricted discourses that sustain that boys and girls do not play with the same toys. If the advertisements and commercials for children - especially on TV - insist on repeating these meanings, we argue that the school should be constituted as a counterpoint to the appeal of advertising and be a discursive place of (trans)formation and the teacher should bring about speeches open to polyphony, which put the student-subjects in contact with numerous possibilities of meanings and interpretations, and thus, students will have the opportunity to learn that the sense may prove to be other.