<p>In the last few decades, data analysis techniques have had to expand to handle large sets of data with complicated structure. This includes identifying low dimensional structure in high dimensional data, analyzing shape and image data, and learning from or classifying large corpora of text documents. Common Bayesian and Machine Learning techniques rely on using the unique geometry of these data types, however departing from Euclidean geometry can result in both theoretical and practical complications. Bayesian nonparametric approaches can be particularly challenging in these areas. </p><p> </p><p>This dissertation proposes a novel approach to these challenges by working with convenient embeddings of the manifold valued parameters of interest, commonly making use of an extrinsic distance or measure on the manifold. Carefully selected extrinsic distances are shown to reduce the computational cost and to increase accuracy of inference. The embeddings are also used to yield straight forward derivations for nonparametric techniques. The methods developed are applied to subspace learning in dimension reduction problems, planar shapes, shape constrained regression, and text analysis.</p> / Dissertation

viii, 113 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / This dissertation consists of four principal parts. In the first, we introduce the tracial quasi-Rokhlin property for an automorphism α of a C *-algebra A (which is not assumed to be simple or to contain any projections). We then prove that under suitable assumptions on the algebra A , the associated crossed product C *-algebra C *([Special characters omitted.] , A , α) is simple, and the restriction map between the tracial states of C *([Special characters omitted.] , A , α) and the α-invariant tracial states on A is bijective. In the second part, we introduce a comparison property for minimal dynamical systems (the dynamic comparison property) and demonstrate sufficient conditions on the dynamical system which ensure that it holds. The third part ties these concepts together by demonstrating that given a minimal dynamical system ( X, h ) and a suitable simple C *-algebra A , a large class of automorphisms β of the algebra C ( X, A ) have the tracial quasi-Rokhlin property, with the dynamic comparison property playing a key role. Finally, we study the structure of the crossed product C *-algebra B = C *([Special characters omitted.] , C ( X , A ), β) by introducing a subalgebra B { y } of B , which is shown to be large in a sense that allows properties B { y } of to pass to B . Several conjectures about the deeper structural properties of B { y } and B are stated and discussed. / Committee in charge: Christopher Phillips, Chairperson, Mathematics; Daniel Dugger, Member, Mathematics; Huaxin Lin, Member, Mathematics; Marcin Bownik, Member, Mathematics; Van Kolpin, Outside Member, Economics

Dans ce mémoire de maîtrise, nous étudions l'asymptotique spectrale pour les problèmes d'oscillation de deux fluides incompressibles idéaux remplissant un volume arbitraire avec une surface supérieure ouverte ou fermée. Dans le premier chapitre, nous introduisons les notions de base de la géométrie spectrale, illustrons le problème de Steklov pour un fluide dans un volume arbitraire ainsi que les principaux résultats qui seront nécessaires pour comprendre et démontrer les énoncés du manuscrit. Nous dérivons également les principales relations et équations des petites oscillations d'un fluide incompressible idéal. La deuxième partie présente les principaux résultats sur les petites oscillations de deux liquides à surface supérieure fermée, obtenus par Solomyak, Kopachevsky et leurs collaborateurs, qui justifient et vérifient la cohérence des résultats pour le problème considéré. Finalement, nous traitons le problème avec une surface ouverte. Une question similaire a été abordée par Kuznetsov. Un canal rectangulaire rempli de deux liquides est un exemple révélateur vérifiant tous les principaux résultats de la recherche. Entre autres, nous avons trouvé un cas particulier intéressant dans lequel la famille de solutions correspondant au paramètre spectral disparaît. En conclusion, nous trouvons sur les conditions d'existence et l'unicité des solutions. / In this M.Sc. thesis, we investigate the spectral asymptotics for a problem describing oscillations of two ideal incompressible fluids filling an arbitrary volume with either open or closed upper surface. In the first chapter, we introduce the basic notions of spectral geometry and illustrate the Steklov problem for fluid in an arbitrary volume, as well as the main results needed to understand and prove the statements in the manuscript. We also derive the equations of small oscillations of an ideal incompressible fluid. The second part presents the main results on small oscillations of two liquids with a closed upper surface, obtained by Solomyak, Kopachevsky, and their collaborators that justify and verify the consistency of the findings for the problem under consideration. In the third chapter, we treat the problem with an open surface. A similar question was previously addressed by Kuznetsov. A rectangular channel filled with two liquids is a telling example that confirms all the main research results. Interestingly enough, we found a particular case in which the family of solutions corresponding to the spectral parameter disappears. In conclusion, we describe the condition of existence and the uniqueness of such solutions.

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We consider the set of all spacelike embeddings of the circle S1 into a spacetime R1 × S1 with a metric globally conformal to the Minkowski metric. We identify this set and the group of conformal isometries of this spacetime as quotients of semidirect products involving diffeomorphism groups and give a transitive action of the conformal group on the set of spacelike embeddings. We provide results showing that the group of conformal isometries is a topological group and that its action on the set of spacelike embeddings is continuous. Finally, we point out some directions for future research.

Despite numerous advances in experimental methodologies capable of addressing the various phenomenon occurring on metal surfaces, atomic scale resolution of the microscopic dynamics remains elusive for most systems. Computational models of the processes may serve as an alternative tool to fill this void. To this end, parallel molecular dynamics simulations of self-diffusion on metal surfaces have been developed and employed to address microscopic details of the system. However these simulations are not without their limitations and prove to be computationally impractical for a variety of chemically relevant systems, particularly for diffusive events occurring in the low temperature regime. To circumvent this difficulty, a corresponding coarse-grained representation of the surface is also developed resulting in a reduction of the required computational effort by several orders of magnitude, and this description becomes all the more advantageous with increasing system size and complexity. This representation provides a convenient framework to address fundamental aspects of diffusion in nonequilibrium environments and an interesting mechanism for directing diffusive motion along the surface is explored. In the ensuing discussion, additional topics including transition state theory in noisy systems and the construction of a checking function for protein structure validation are outlined. For decades the former has served as a cornerstone for estimates of chemical reaction rates. However, in complex environments transition state theory most always provides only an upper bound for the true rate. An alternative approach is described that may alleviate some of the difficulties associated with this problem. Finally, one of the grand challenges facing the computational sciences is to develop methods capable of reconstructing protein structure based solely on readily-available sequence information. Herein a checking function is developed that may prove useful for addressing whether a particular proposed structure is a viable possibility.

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En mathématiques, une hauteur est une fonction utilisée pour mesurer la complexité d’un objet. Lorsqu’uniquement un nombre fini d’éléments possèdent une hauteur bornée, on dit alors que cette hauteur possède la propriété de Northcott. Un des intérêts de cette propriété est que les hauteurs la possédant peuvent être utilisées pour distinguer des sous-ensembles finis d’une famille infinie d’objets. Récemment, Pazuki et Pengo [47] ont étudié la propriété de Northcott où la hauteur considérée était l’évaluation de fonctions zêta de Dedekind en un entier n. Ce mémoire contient, en premier lieu, une étude similaire sur l’évaluation de fonctions zêta de corps de fonctions. Ce premier article pousse cette réflexion sur un plus grand domaine en considérant l’évaluation sur n’importe quel point s du plan complexe au lieu de valeurs entières n. On y montre que pour les points appartenant à une certaine région {s ∈ C ∶ Re(s) < σ0} où 0 < σ0 < 1/2, la hauteur considérée possède la propritété de Northcott et que ceux qui appartiennent à la région {s ∈ C ∶ Re(s) > 1/2} ne la possèdent pas. En prenant comme contexte les résultats du premier article, nous retournerons ensuite, dans un deuxième article, à la première situation des fonctions zêta de Dedekind pour étudier la question sur ce domaine étendu. Les résultats sur la propriété de Northcott sont différents et on trouve que le scénario sur les corps de fonctions est taché de disques non Northcott autour des entiers négatifs. Ces deux articles seront précédés d’une introduction à la théorie des corps de nombres et des corps de fonctions jusqu’à la définition de leur fonction zêta respective. Enfin, nous incluerons également une discussion des différences entre ces deux théories qui culminera à des définitions alternatives de leur fonction zêta. Ultimement, cette introduction pourvoira tous les outils nécessaires pour attaquer la question de la propriété de Northcott abordée dans les articles. / In mathematics, heights are functions used to measure the complexity of an object. When only a finite number of elements have a bounded height, we say that this height has the Northcott property. One of the advantages of this property is that the heights possessing it can be used to distinguish finite subsets of an infinite family of objects. Recently, Pazuki and Pengo [47] studied the Northcott property where the height considered was the evaluation of Dedekind zeta functions at an integer n. This thesis contains, first of all, an article describing a similar study on the evaluation of zeta functions of function fields. This first article pushes this reflection on a larger domain by considering the evaluation on any point s of the complex plane instead of integer values n. We show that for points belonging to a certain region {s ∈ C ∶ Re(s) < σ0} where 0 < σ0 < 1/2, the considered height has the Northcott property, while for those belonging to the region {s ∈ C ∶ Re(s) > 1/2}, the height does not have the Northcott property. Taking as context the results of the first article, we will then return, in a second article, to the initial situation of Dedekind zeta functions to study the question on this extended domain. The results on the Northcott property are different and the scenario on function fields is found to be stained with non-Northcott disks around the negative integers. These two articles will be preceded by an introduction to the theory of number fields and function fields up to the definition of their respective zeta functions. Finally, we will also include a discussion of the differences between these two theories culminating in alternative definitions of their zeta function. Ultimately, this introduction will provide all the tools necessary to attack the questions on the Northcott property discussed in the articles.