Knowledge management (KM) is vital for an organization to succeed in a highly dynamic and competitive world. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that managers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) use to effectively integrate KM into business practices. The study population comprised 5 managers from 2 SMEs operating in Uganda. The eligibility criteria for this study were that participants had to be from Ugandan SMEs with a knowledge-intensive environment, managers with some responsibility of KM in the organization, and experienced with at least 1 year of successful KM practices. The conceptual framework for this study was theory z. Data were collected through face-to-face, semistructured interviews and reviews of company documents. Member checking was completed to strengthen credibility and trustworthiness. After methodological triangulation of the data sources collected and completion of Yin's 5-step process of data analysis, 5 themes emerged: having supportive leadership, ensuring sustainability, embedding KM practices in the organization culture, socialization, and embracing modern technology. The findings of this study might promote social change by supporting SME managers' use of KM to expand opportunities for employees to learn new skills and knowledge leading to the expansion of employment opportunities.

The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to analyze the effectiveness of a heritage language Spanish program from the standpoint of organizational, curricular, and cocurricular practices. In this study, heritage language study was defined as having an emphasis on maintaining cultural awareness and language needs (Beaudrie, 2009) through cultural mediation, in which the experiences and identity of students are developed as areas of strength in the educational experience (Bennett, 2003; Gollnick & Chinn, 2004; Lovelace & Wheeler, 2006). The setting for this mixed-methodology study was an all-male Catholic secondary school. The participants in this study numbered 78 students in the heritage language courses and 10 faculty and administration members. The data collected pointed to significant areas for growth in the school’s distinction between heritage language learners and native speakers. The findings suggested the prevalence of the following themes: class and racial discrimination, student internalization of deficit thinking, and the power struggle between the power structure and Latino student population. The implications of this study were that the program would benefit from greater teacher preparation in terms of degree background, increased emphasis in activities that promote student verbal communication in the heritage language, and greater incorporation of varied classroom practices in order to empower students to achieve a proficient level of bilingualism and biculturalism.

Sammanfattning Titel: Hur styr ledare med organisationskultur på distans? - En kvalitativ studie om organisationskultur ur ett ledningsperspektiv Nivå: C-uppsats, examensarbete i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Anevay Clement och Hanna Johansson Handledare: Niklas Bomark Datum: 2021 - januari Syfte: Organisationskultur är viktigt för att företag ska uppnå effektivitet och framgång. Ledare kan med hjälp av artefakter styra medarbetare med organisationskultur. På grund av Covid-19 tvingas företag att arbeta på distans istället för på kontoret. Därmed är syftet med studien att bidra med kunskap kring hur ledare i kontorsbaserade företag styr medarbetare med organisationskultur när verksamheten ställer om till distansarbete. Studien konkretiserar hur ledare kan styra med organisationskultur på distans. Metod: Studien grundar sig i den hermeneutiska traditionen där en kvalitativ flerfallsdesign genomförts för att undersöka hur ledare i två utvalda kontorsbaserade företag styr med ritualer och språk, när medarbetarna genomgår en snabb omställning så att de arbetar på distans. Studien har utgått från sex semistrukturerade intervjuer och tre dokument.  Resultat och slutsats: Studien visar att kommunikation och interaktion är viktigt för organisationskulturer. För att upprätthålla detta under distansarbete har ledare justerat och anpassat ritualer. Studien presenterar ritualer som fungerat för att ledare att styra med organisationskultur på distans. Examensarbetets bidrag: Denna studie bidrar till befintlig teori inom ämnet organisationskultur då den visar att ledare kan styra medarbetare med organisationskultur på distans om de justerar och anpassar de ritualer som tidigare använts på arbetsplatsen. Ett ytterligare bidrag är att studien presenterar specifika ritualer, som fungerat väl för de studerade företagen, och som ledare kan inspireras av när de genomför kulturstyrning under distansarbete. Studien bidrar till praktiker då den ger förslag på ritualer som ska underlätta vid kulturstyrning på distans då de minimerar nackdelarna med distansarbete. Förslag till vidare forskning: Förslag på vidare forskning är att undersöka hur ledares styrning av organisationskultur fungerar på lång sikt. Håller ritualerna, som denna studie presenterar, på lång sikt? Blir språket på ett annat vis när distansarbete har tillämpats längre tid? Förändras värderingar på längre sikt? Vad leder dessa faktorer till? / Abstract   Title: How do leaders manage with organization culture at a distance? - A qualitative study of organizational culture from a management perspective Level: Final assignment for bachelor’s degree in business administration Authors: Anevay Clement and Hanna Johansson Supervisor: Niklas Bomark Date: 2021 - January Aim: Organizational culture is important for companies to achieve efficiency and success. Leaders can, with the help of artifacts, guide employees with an organizational culture. Due to Covid-19, companies are forced to work remotely instead of in the office. Thus, the purpose of the study is to contribute with knowledge about how leaders in office-based companies control employees with an organizational culture when the business switches to telework. The study concretizes how leaders can control organizational culture at a distance.  Method: The study is based on the hermeneutic tradition where a qualitative multiple case design has been used to create knowledge regarding how leaders in two selected office-based companies control rituals and language when employees undergo a rapid transition to working remotely. Result and Conclusions: The study shows that communication and interaction are important for organizational cultures. To maintain this during telework, leaders have adjusted and adapted rituals. The study presents rituals that have worked for leaders to control with organizational culture at a distance. Contribution of the thesis: This study contributes to existing theory in the subject of organizational culture as it shows that leaders can control employees with organizational culture remotely if they adjust and adapt the rituals previously used in the workplace. An additional contribution is that the study presents specific rituals, which have worked well for the companies studied, and which leaders can be inspired by when they carry out cultural management during telework. The study contributes to practitioners as it provides suggestions for rituals that will facilitate cultural control at a distance as it minimizes the disadvantages of teleworking. Suggestions for further research: Suggestions to further research is to examine how leaders' control of organizational culture works long term. Will the rituals that this study presents last in the long run? Will the language change when applying telework for a long time? Will the values change in the long run? What do these factors lead to?