Barium strontium titanate thin film varactors have been widely investigated for the purpose of creating tunable front-ends for RF and microwave systems. There is an abundance of literature observing the capacitance-voltage behavior and methods on improving tunability. However, there is a lack of thorough investigations on the nonlinear behavior, specifically the third order intermodulation distortion, and the parameters that impact it. There is also a research void that needs to be filled for nanoscale barium strontium titanate varactors as nanotechnology becomes increasingly prevalent in the design of RF and microwave components. This work aims to advance the understanding of nonlinear properties of barium strontium titanate varactors. Temperature and voltage impacts on the third order intermodulation distortion products of BST varactors are observed by two-tone measurements. The material properties of the films are correlated with the nonlinear behavior of the varactors. Additionally, size reduction capabilities are shown by fabricating planar barium strontium titanate interdigital varactors with nanoscale size gaps between the electrodes. Modeling techniques are also investigated.

This thesis describes procedures and theory for a family of one-sided ultrasonic methods for determining third order elastic constants (TOEC) using sets of angle-beam wedges mounted on one side of a specimen. The methods are based on the well-known acoustoelastic effect, which is the change of wave speed with applied loads and is a consequence of the mechanical nonlinearity of a material. Increases in material nonlinearity have been correlated to the progression of damage, indicating that tracking changes in TOECs may provide a practical means of monitoring damage accumulation at the microstructural level prior to formation of macroscopic defects. Ultrasonic methods are one of the only ways to measure TOECs, and most prior techniques have utilized wave propagation paths parallel and perpendicular to the loading directions. A few additional ultrasonic techniques reported in the literature have employed oblique paths but with immersion coupling. These reported techniques are generally unsuitable for field implementation. The one-sided contact approach described here is applicable for in situ measurements of TOECs and thus lays the foundation for tracking of TOECs with damage. Theory is reviewed and further developed for calculating predicted velocity changes, and thus time shifts, as a function of uniaxial tensile loading for longitudinal, shear vertical, and shear horizontal waves in the context of angle-beam transducers mounted on the surface of the specimen. A comparison is made to published results where possible. The inverse problem of determining the three TOECs of an isotropic material from three measurements employing three different angle beam configurations is comprehensively analyzed. Four configurations providing well-posed solutions are identified and examined. A detailed sensitivity analysis is carried out to identify the best mounting configuration, wave mode combinations, refracted angles and geometry requirements for recovering the three TOECs. Two transducer mounting configurations are considered: (1) attached (glued-on) transducers potentially suitable for in situ monitoring, and (2) floating (oil-coupled) transducers potentially suitable for single measurements. Limited experimental results are presented for the attached case using two longitudinal measurements and one shear vertical measurement. The floating case experiments utilized three of the four well-posed solutions, and measurements were made on several aluminum alloys and low carbon steel. Key experimental issues are identified and discussed for both transducer mounting configurations.

Este trabalho consiste no estudo de uma bacia hidrográfica onde se insere parte da área urbana de Campinas e tem como objetivo a aplicação de uma proposta metodológica que visa avaliar e determinar as alterações ambientais nela registradas, correlacionando-as às atividades antrópicas desenvolvidas em um período de 23 anos. Para a caracterização e avaliação ambiental da área foi a análise morfométrica da rede de drenagem, juntamente com a determinação dos diferentes tipos de atividades antrópicas desenvolvidos. O meio utilizado para estabelecer a relação entre as alterações registradas e as atividades antrópicas por elas responsáveis foi a análise detalhada das bacias de ordem 3. Os níveis de alteração da área foram considerados os tipos e a intensidade das alterações sofridas pela rede de drenagem. Como resultado obteve-se a segmentação da área em três setores com características de alteração ambiental bem distintas. Foram gerados, ainda, como documentos cartográficos: o mapa de documentação, a carta de declividade, o mapa de substrato rochoso, o mapa de materiais inconsolidados e o mapa de uso e ocupação. / This work consists in the study of a hydrographic basin that covers part of the urban area of Campinas city. It´s intent was aply a methodological proposal for assessing and evaluating basin´s environmental alteration, correlating this with human activities develop through a period of 23 years. The main tools used in the environmental characterization and evaluation of the area was the morphometric analysis of the drainage network along with the determination of the different sorts of human activities. The relation between the human activities and the transformation caused by them was stablished through a detailed analysis of third order basins. The type and intensity of the transformations in the drainage network were used in the determination of alteration levels, which permitted the definition of three distinct areas, concerning the environmental changes characteristics. Also, the following cartographic documents were produced: documentation map, declivity map, geologic map, inconsolidated material map and land use map.

This work aims to outline the factors that may affect probability of transition from motherhood of two children to motherhood of three children, in positive or negative way. This work would also like to specify, if this factors can be affected and so the better conditions for three-children-families can be achieved. These goals are reached by analysing demographical data of years 1990-2011 and also by own research of qualitative data in group of mothers-of-two-children in age up to 45 including. This work also contains theoretical background of the problem of decreasing fertility, the development of indicators of fertility of third child in the Czech Republic and selected states of Europe. It is also important to characterize the progression of length of interval between delivery of second and the third child, analysis of probability of transition from motherhood of two children to motherhood of three and estimations of cohort probability of giving birth to third child.

To be able to harness more power from the wind, wind turbine blades are getting longer. As they get longer, they get more flexible. This creates issues that have until recently not been of concern. Long flexible wind turbine blades can lose their stability to flow induced instabilities such as coupled-mode flutter. This type of flutter occurs when increasing wind speed causes a coupling of a bending and a torsional mode, which create limit cycle oscillations that can lead to blade failure. To be able to make the design of larger blades possible, it is important to be able to predict the critical flutter and post critical flutter behaviors of wind turbine blades. Most numerical research concerning coupled-mode wind turbine is focused on predicting the critical flutter point, and less focused on the post critical behavior. This is because of the mathematical complexities associated with the coupled, nonlinear wind turbine blade systems. Here, a numerical model is presented that predicts the critical flutter velocity and post critical flutter behavior for 3D airfoils with third order structural nonlinearities. The numerical model can account for the attached flow and separated flow region by using the ONERA dynamic stall model. By retaining higher-order structural nonlinearities, lateral and torsional displacements can be predicted, which makes it possible to use this model in the future to control wind turbine blade flutter. Furthermore, by using a dynamic stall model to simulate the flow, the solver is able to predict accurate limit cycle oscillations when the effective angle of attack is larger than the stall angle. The coupled, nonlinear equations of motion are two coupled nonlinear PDEs and are determined using Hamilton’s principle. In order to solve the equations of motion, they are discretized using the Galerkin technique into a set of ODEs. The motion of the airfoil is used as an input to ONERA. The airfoil is sectioned with the lateral position and angle of attack known as well as the velocity and acceleration of the section at an instance of time. This information is used by ONERA to calculate lift and moment coefficients for each section which are then used to calculate the total lift and moment forces of the airfoil. Then, a Fortran code solves the system by using Houbolt’s finite difference method. A theoretical NACA 0012 airfoil has been designed to define the parameters used by the equations of motion. Third bending and first torsional coupling occurs after the critical flutter point and dynamic lift and moment coefficients were observed. Dynamic stall was also observed at wind velocities farther away from the bifurcation point. Bifurcation diagrams, time histories, and phase planes have been created that represent the flutter behavior.

The beginning of the 20th century saw an emergence of new ideals for and ways of living a Christian life in Church of Sweden. As a consequence of both a revival for Sweden’s own medieval heritage as well as intensified ecumenical contacts with, principally the Church of England, several Christian communities took similar form to that of “Third orders”, but without any canonical status. This present study focuses such an order, Sodailitium Sancti Christofori,(Fraternity of Saint Christopher), founded in the university town of Uppsala in 1921 by students of theology studying for the priesthood in Church of Sweden. The fraternity’s work is outlined during its complete lifespan, approximately 20 years. A total of 19 men were received as novices, 17 of these went on to become brothers. Some of these became profiled churchmen in Church of Sweden, for example Gustaf Adolf and Sven Danell, dean of Växjö and bishop of Skara respectively, Bengt Sundkler, bishop of Bukoba as well as professor of missiology at Uppsala university, and Harry Ljungar, long-time vicar of Moheda, diocese of Växjö. They were influenced by the Youth Church movement, the emerging High Church movement, as well as likeminded groups in Denmark, England and Germany. As time went on, the brothers were ordained and sent out to different parts of Sweden and new brothers were received, keeping in touch through extensive letter correspondence. Sometime during the 1930s, activity in the fraternity went down drastically, and the last sign of life within the fraternity is a chronicle of a general chapter in 1939.

No description available.

<p>Crustal stress measurements play a crucial role in understanding how the subsurface deforms. As one of the most popular methods for stress characterization in deep wellbores, borehole breakout analysis examines the shape of drilling-induced compressive failures to determine stress directions and magnitudes, assuming that the rock formation is both isotropic and linearly elastic. To ensure accurate stress interpretations, the dissertation investigates the validity of underlying presumptions from two perspectives: (1) the effect of rock anisotropy (i.e., elastic anisotropy, and strength anisotropy) on wellbore failure patterns; and (2) the characterization of rock nonlinear elastic mechanical behaviors. </p> <p>The developed computer program, <em><strong>EASAfail</strong></em>, has broad applicability in calculating wellbore failure patterns for a wide range of scenarios. It takes into account factors such as elastic stiffness matrices of the rock, stress tensors in the surrounding environment, and the presence of weak planes. The program's generality allows it to handle various rock types with different degrees of symmetry in their elastic properties, as well as weak planes that are weaker than the intact rock matrix. By analyzing these factors, the program reveals that the patterns of wellbore failure in elastic and strength anisotropic rock formations are highly influenced by the sliding of weak planes. Complications from two modes of borehole failure, either in the intact rock matrix or in the weak planes, can cause the breakout azimuth to deviate from the direction of the minimum horizontal stress. </p> <p>In addition to hypothetical scenarios generated from numerical models, a case study from the field is presented to underscore the impact of foliations on the anomalous rotations of breakout azimuths. The wellbore was located in Northeastern Alberta, Canada, transecting both the sedimentary column and crystalline basement. Breakout rotations identified from caliper and image logs were highly likely caused by the slippage along foliations, supported by the close correlation between breakout azimuths and dip directions of foliations as well as polarization directions analyzed from dipole sonic logs. Stress magnitudes constrained from Monte Carlo simulations further reveal a lower stress field when rock anisotropy is taken into account, compared to what is inferred conventionally. </p> <p>The characterization of rock nonlinear elasticity involves the utilization of the third-order elastic (TOE) model. To measure the TOE moduli in a static manner, test-specific protocols were proposed based on the nonlinear stress-strain behaviors of the rock. By arranging the stress-strain responses obtained from hydrostatic, uniaxial, and triaxial compressive tests into a linear system of equations, it becomes possible to invert the equations for the TOE moduli. These analytical equations were validated through calculations from finite element models. </p> <p>By employing the established protocols, the TOE moduli were derived for four different rock types with varying pore structures when subjected to hydrostatic and uniaxial compressions. The TOE model successfully captured the nonlinear stress-strain responses exhibited by Indiana limestone, Vif-type Fontainebleau sandstone, and Snake River Plain basalt. However, it was found to be inadequate for Franc-type Fontainebleau sandstone, which displayed noticeable hysteresis and experienced significant strains. Future geomechanical applications will undoubtedly gain advantages from utilizing the inverted TOE moduli obtained through static measurements, as they allow for the examination of the impacts of nonlinear elasticity in rocks. </p>

System testing is very time-consuming and costly, especially for complex high-cost and high-reliability systems. For this reason, the number of failures needed for the developmental phase of system testing should be relatively small in general. To assess the reliability growth of a repairable system, the generalized confidence interval and the modified signed log-likelihood ratio test for the scale parameter of the power-law process are studied concerning incomplete failure data. Specifically, some recorded failure times in the early developmental phase of system testing cannot be observed; this circumstance is essential to establish a warranty period or determine a maintenance phase for repairable systems. For the proposed generalized confidence interval, we have found that this method is not biased estimates which can be seen from the coverage probabilities obtained from this method being close to the nominal level 0.95 for all levels of γ and β. When the performance of the proposed method and the existing method are compared and validated regarding average widths, the simulation results show that the proposed method is superior to another method due to shorter average widths when the predetermined number of failures is small. For the proposed modified signed log-likelihood ratio test, we have found that this test performs well in controlling type I errors for complete failure data, and it has desirable powers for all parameters configurations even for the small number of failures. For incomplete failure data, the proposed modified signed log-likelihood ratio test is preferable to the signed log-likelihood ratio test in most situations in terms of controlling type I errors. Moreover, the proposed test also performs well when the missing ratio is up to 30% and n > 10. In terms of empirical powers, the proposed modified signed log-likelihood ratio test is superior to another test for most situations. In conclusion, it is quite clear that the proposed methods, the generalized confidence interval, and the modified signed log-likelihood ratio test, are practically useful to save business costs and time during the developmental phase of system testing since the only small number of failures is required to test systems, and it yields precise results.

Orientador: Percival Tirapeli / Banca: Norberto Stori / Banca: Loris Grandi Rampazzo / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever a redescoberta e o processo de restauro das pinturas inéditas do artista santista Jesuíno Francisco de Paula Gusmão (1764- 1819), mais conhecido como padre Jesuíno do Monte Carmelo, na Igreja da Ordem Terceira do Carmo de São Paulo. O resgate da chamada pintura invisível do padre artista só foi possível graças às suspeitas levantadas pelo crítico de arte Mário de Andrade (1893-1945). Estudando a pintura do artista santista, na década de 1940, o modernista desconfiou que o grosseiro painel central visível no teto da nave do templo dos terceiros carmelitas da capital - e que viria ainda a sofrer inúmeras interferências e retoques nas décadas posteriores - estava deslocado entre os elementos arquitetônicos e não condizia com os aspectos plásticos e estilísticos de Jesuíno, concluindo que a composição original do padre artista ainda poderia existir intacta, porém sob camadas de repintura. Com o tombamento da obra pictórica paulistana de Jesuíno pelo IPHAN, iniciaram-se os procedimentos de averiguação da teoria da pintura invisível, que resultou na recuperação de uma esplêndida pintura representando Nossa Senhora do Carmo cercada de anjos e querubins, observada com devoção pelos profetas Elias e Eliseu, e por uma corte de santos, beatos e mártires carmelitas. Análises e comparações com outras obras do artista santista justificam porque esta pintura pode vir a tomar o posto de melhor obra do padre Jesuíno, gerando, desse modo, uma revisão sobre a história da pintura colonial paulista / Abstract: This research aims to describe the process of rediscovery and restoration of new paintings of Santos-born artist Jesuíno Francisco de Paula Gusmão (1764-1819), better known as Priest Jesuíno do Monte Carmelo, at the Church of the Third Order do Carmo of São Paulo. The rescue of the called invisible paint from this artist priest was only possible due to the suspicions raised by the art critic Mário de Andrade (1893-1945). Studying the Santos artist's painting, in the 1940s, the modernist writer suspected that the coarse central panel visible on the ceiling of the nave of the Carmelites Thirds Temple in the capital - which would still suffering from numerous interferences and touches in later decades - was displaced between architectural elements and did not fit the stylistic aspects and plastic of Jesuíno, concluding that the composition of the original artist priest could still be intact but under layers of repainting. With the toppling of Jesuíno's paintings made in São Paulo by IPHAN, the procedures for reviewing the theory of invisible paint started and resulted in the recovery of a magnificent painting of Our Lady of Mount Carmel surrounded by angels and cherubs, devoutly observed by the prophets Elijah and Elisha, and by a court of Carmelite saints and beatified martyrs. Reviews and comparisons with other works by this Santos artist justify why this painting might take the place of the Priest Jesuíno best work, generating thus a review of the history of São Paulo colonial painting / Mestre