Nonlinear finite element models of functionally graded beams with power-law variation of material, accounting for the von-Karman geometric nonlinearity and temperature dependent material properties as well as microstructure dependent length scale have been developed using the Euler-Bernoulli as well as the first-order and third- order beam theories. To capture the size effect, a modified couple stress theory with one length scale parameter is used. Such theories play crucial role in predicting accurate deflections of micro- and nano-beam structures. A general third order beam theory for microstructure dependent beam has been developed for functionally graded beams for the first time using a modified couple stress theory with the von Karman nonlinear strain. Finite element models of the three beam theories have been developed. The thermo-mechanical coupling as well as the bending-stretching coupling play significant role in the deflection response. Numerical results are presented to show the effect of nonlinearity, power-law index, microstructural length scale, and boundary conditions on the bending response of beams under thermo-mechanical loads. In general, the effect of microstructural parameter is to stiffen the beam, while shear deformation has the effect of modeling more realistically as a flexible beam.

The dissertation is a critical reflection on the relevance of Franciscan spirituality over eight centuries with special focus on the Third Order Regular. This spirituality is rooted in the life and writings of St Francis and St Clare of Assisi and their experience of the kenotic Christ. The Franciscan charism prevails in the world today as a living response to God’s transforming love which is expressed in a ministry of loving service and solidarity with the poor and marginalised – re-enacting Francis’ radical conversion when he embraced the leper. The Third Order Regular, inspired by Vatican II which called for a return to the charism of religious founders, returned to its roots with the revised Rule of 1982 based on the writings of Francis and Clare and grounded in Sacred Scripture. The Rule’s vision corresponds with the 1996 document Vita Consecrata on consecrated life and its mission to be prophetic witnesses to Christ today. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Christian Spirituality)

Orientador: Luciano Migliaccio / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T05:50:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Quites_MariaReginaEmery_D.pdf: 5020637 bytes, checksum: 2d9e3b18cef1bb373af2e29e38f17f29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A pesquisa enfoca principalmente o estudo das imagens de vestir, dentro do contexto das Ordens Terceiras Franciscanas no Brasil, fazendo um estudo comparativo entre as ordens litorâneas (Salvador, Recife, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo) e as ordens em Minas Gerais (Ouro Preto, Mariana, São João DeI-Rei e Diamantina). Analisam-se os aspectos históricos, iconográficos, técnicos, entre outTOS, que envolvem as imagens e suas práticas devocionais, cotejando com a documentação primária e secundária das respectivas ordens. É importante enfatizar uma revisão dos conceitos sobre esta relegada categoria escultórica, bem como, o resgate e preservação deste grande acervo, demonstrando a existência de diferenças regionais e sua relevância para a história da arte. Estas imagens são uma particular interpretação da escultura devocional e, principalmente, un1a importante manifestação da cultura brasileira, que deve ser valorizada e preservada / Abstract: The research focuses mainly on the study of the "de vestir" or "to be dressed" images within the context ofthe Third Order Franciscans i11 Brazil, making a comparative study among the coastal orders or fellowships (Salvador, Recife, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) and the ones in Minas Gerais (Ouro Preto, Mariana, São João deI-Rei andDiamantina). The historical, iconographical, and technical aspects, among others that involve the images and their devotionals practices, are analyzed in comparison with the primary and secondary documentation ofthe respective orders. It is important to emphasize the need for a revision ofthe concepts ofthis less well known sculptural category, as well as, the rescue and preservation of this important collection, demonstrating the existence of regional differences and their relevance for art history. These images are a particular interpretation of devotional sculpture and, mainly, an important manifestation ofBrazilian culture that should be valued and preserved. / Doutorado / Politica, Memoria e Cidade / Doutor em História

In the quest for ultrathin materials compatible with CMOS technology for all-optical signal processing applications in integrated photonics, graphene appears to be a promising candidate, with broadband1 optical properties and a high and broadband optical nonlinearity. However, researchers do not agree on the value of its nonlinear refractive index, and commonly used characterization methods do not provide a clear picture of the optical nonlinearity, in terms of its tensor nature or relaxation time. In the first part of this thesis, apart from the previously used Z-scan method, we have also used the ultrafast Optical Kerr Effect method coupled to Optical Heterodyne Detection (OHD-OKE) for the characterization of the third order optical nonlinearity of monolayer CVD graphene at telecom wavelengths. This method allows to separately measure the real and the imaginary part of the third-order nonlinearity, as well as their dynamics. With respect to the Z-scan method, OHD-OKE presents the major advantage of being robust against inhomogeneities of the sample. As such, we have demonstrated that graphene has a negative nonlinear refractive index, contrary to previously reported results. In addition, we have studied the real and imaginary part of graphene’s nonlinearity, when electrostatic gating is applied to change the chemical potential of graphene. Furthermore, we have proposed an enhanced version of the OHD-OKE method, together with the appropriate theoretical framework, in order to extract the tensor elements of the nonlinearity including the out-of-plane tensor elements. In particular, we have measured separately the time response of the two main tensor elements of the nonlinear susceptibility and we have experimentally verified that the out-of-plane tensor components are negligible. In the second part of this thesis, we have investigated, from an experimental point of view, the use of the nonlinear optical response of graphene for all-optical switching applications in integrated photonics. Namely, we have designed simple silicon nitride waveguide structures that constitute basic building blocks of switching devices, which were then fabricated and covered by graphene patches. Finally, we have experimentally tested the graphene-covered structures at low and high power levels and discussed the results. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Cette étude traite des propriétés optiques non linéaires (NL) du troisième ordre des tétraphénylporphyrines et de certains de ses dérivées métallisées (Zn, Co) dissoutes dans le chlorobenzène. Les solutions ont été exposées à un laser émettant à 1064 nm, 532 nm et 355 nm dans le régime picoseconde ( ≈ 10 ps) en utilisant la méthode D4σ-Z-scan dans un montage 4f ainsi qu’une nouvelle technique appelée Dark-Field Zscan. Cette dernière se révèle être très fiable pour la détermination directe du signal de réfraction non linéaire en présence d’une forte absorption linéaire et/ou non linéaire. Le comportement des coefficients non linéaires a été étudié en fonction de la concentration et de l’intensité laser. La réponse a été attribuée à une susceptibilité effective du 3eme ordre {χ} rsub {eff} rsup {(3)} = {χ} ^ {(1)} : {χ} ^ {(1)} , dominée par un processus en cascade. Il a été mis en évidence que le comportement optique non linéaire des porphyrines dépend fortement du métal incorporé et de la durée des impulsions par rapport aux durées de vie des états excités. Ces résultats démontrent aussi que l’extension des systèmes électroniques π -conjugués accroît les non linéarités du troisième ordre de ces complexes, ce qui devrait être utile à l’élaboration de nouveaux matériaux. Cette propriété se révèle être intéressante pour la synthèse de porphyrines plus complexes avec d’autres substituants. Les effets importants d'absorption et de réfaction NL donnent aux porphyrines un fort potentiel d’utilisation pour la limitation optique, la commutation optique et pour différents autres applications en optique non linéaire. / This study deals with the third-order nonlinear optical properties (NL) of tetraphenylporphyrins and some of its metallic derivatives (Zn, Co) dissolved in chlorobenzene. The solutions were exposed to a laser emitting at 1064 nm, 532 nm and 355 nm in the picosecond regime ( ≈ 10 ps) using D4σ-Z-scan method in a 4f setup and a new technique called Dark-Field Zscan. The latter provides to be very reliable for the direct determination of the nonlinear refractive signal in the presence of a strong linear absorption and / or nonlinear one. The behavior of nonlinear coefficients has been studied as a function of the concentration and laser intensity. The response has been attributed to an effective 3rd order susceptibility, {χ} rsub {eff} rsup {(3)} = {χ} ^ {(1)} : {χ} ^ {(1)} , dominated by a cascading process. It has been demonstrated that the nonlinear optical behavior of porphyrins strongly depends on the metal incorporated and the pulse duration when compared to lifetimes of the excited states. These results also demonstrate that the extension of π- conjugated electronic systems increases the third order nonlinearities of these complexes, which should be useful in the development of new materials. This property appears to be interesting for the synthesis of more complex porphyrins with other substituents. The high impact on the coefficients related to the NL absorption and refraction gives porphyrins great potential of use for applications in optical limiting, optical switching

<p>Most work on amplifier linearity has focused on the transconductance (gm) linearity, but there is increasing evidence that the voltage-dependence of the gate-source capacitance (Cgs) plays an important role in the linearity of emerging devices. This work addresses the capacitance contribution by incorporating the nonlinearities attributed to the voltage dependency of Cgs of a general FET on a circuit-level Cg amplifier model.</p> <p>An amplifier model including a voltage-dependent Cgs, and a voltage-dependent gm is studied using harmonic analysis and Volterra series. A closed form expression for the  third-order intercept point (IP3) of the amplifier, which depends on the nonlinear coefficients of Cgs, is obtained. A simple design rule, and a formula for the reduction of the IP3 due to the voltage-dependent Cgs are also presented. </p> <p>As application examples, the linearity of an amplifier based on a specific device is analyzed for two cases by extracting the nonlinear circuit parameters of the device. First for an analytic model of a bulk mosfet. Second for a one-dimensional, ballistic, coaxially gated Si nanowire. For low frequencies of design, the distortion introduced by gm is predominant, but for high frequencies it is obscured by the distortion coming from Cgs.</p> <p>We conclude that taking into account the voltage-dependence of Cgs is crucial when predicting the linearity behavior of a Cg amplifier, either designed for high-frequency operation, or based on a device operating near the quantum capacitance limit. </p>

Railway signaling is of paramount importance to ensure traffic management andsafety on the rail network. The main lines are divided into sections called ‘blocks’,which are governed by a fixed signal installation. To prevent trains from colliding,each block allows one train at once. In France (and most European countries),train detection is performed by an electrical device called track circuit that consistsof a transmitter and a receiver installed at the track-side, and connected via therails. In the absence of a train, an electrical signal flows from the transmitter tothe receiver through the rails. As a train enters a track circuit, its axles shuntthe rails, provoking a short circuit (also called ‘shunt’): the signal transmitted tothe receiver drops. The detection of that signal drop results in the detection of atrain. This method rarely fails throughout the network, but there can be criticalcases where it may be inefficient. In this Master’s Thesis, new detection criteriaproposed in previous studies have been tested on signals measured in poor shuntingconditions. Three approaches have been tested: one in the time domain and two inthe frequency domain. The time approach compares the short-term and long-termstatistics of the received signals. The observation of a change in the spectra of thereceived signals around the 3rd order harmonic (3OH) has led to the implementationof two frequency criteria: the estimation of the band power around the 3OH andthe detection of the 3OH peaks. The obtained results show that better detection isachieved when the new criteria and the existing one are combined. / Tågsignalsystem är väsentliga för att garantera trafikstyrning och säkerhet i tågnätet.Spåren är indelade i sektioner, s.k. block, som övervakas med fasta signalinstallationer.För att hindra tåg från att krocka, tillåts bara ett tåg i taget per block. IFrankrike (och de flesta andra europeiska länder), detekteras tågen med en elektriskspårkrets som består av en sändare och en mottagare som är installerad bredvidspåret och ansluten till rälsen. När inget tåg finns på spåret, flyter en elektrisk signalfrån sändaren till mottagaren via spåret. När ett tåg anländer, kortsluts kretsenav hjulaxeln och signalen försvinner från mottagaren. Minskningen i signalstyrkaanvänds för att detektera tåget. Denna metod sällan misslyckas i tågnätet, men iovanliga fall kan det uppstå farliga situationer. I detta examensarbete utvärderasnya detektionsmetoder, som har föreslagits i tidigare studier, på signaler som haruppmätts under förhållanden med dålig kontakt mellan hjul och spår. Tre olika metoderhar testats, en i tidsdomänen och två i frekvensdomänen. Tidsdomänsmetodenjämför kortvarig och långvarig statistik för den mottagna signalen. I spektrum förden mottagna signalen, har man observerat en förändring runt den tredje övertonen,samt detektering av frekvenstoppar vid tredje övertonen. De erhållna resultatenvisar på förbättrad detektering när de nya och existerande kriterierna kombineras.

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The growth in the number of wireless devices and applications underscores the need for characterizing and mitigating interference induced problems such as distortion and blocking. A typical interference scenario involves the detection of a small amplitude signal of interest (SOI) in the presence of a large amplitude interfering signal; it is desirable to attenuate the interfering signal while preserving the integrity of SOI and an appropriate dynamic range. If the frequency of the interfering signal varies or is unknown, an adaptive notch function must be applied in order to maintain adequate attenuation. This work explores the performance space of a phase cancellation technique used in implementing the desired notch function for communication systems in the 1-3 GHz frequency range. A system level model constructed with MATLAB and related simulation results assist in building the theoretical foundation for setting performance bounds on the implemented solution and deriving hardware specifications for the RF notch subsystem devices. Simulations and measurements are presented for a Low Noise Amplifer (LNA), voltage variable attenuators, bandpass filters and phase shifters. Ultimately, full system tests provide a measure of merit for this work as well as invaluable lessons learned. The emphasis of this project is the on-wafer LNA measurements, dependence of IC system performance on mismatches and overall system performance tests. Where possible, predictions are plotted alongside measured data. The reasonable match between the two validates system and component models and more than compensates for the painstaking modeling efforts. Most importantly, using the signal to interferer ratio (SIR) as a figure of merit, experimental results demonstrate up to 58 dB of SIR improvement. This number represents a remarkable advancement in interference rejection at RF or microwave frequencies.