abstract: In previous work, the effects of power extraction for onboard electrical equipment and flight control systems were studied to determine which turbine shaft (i.e. high power shaft vs low power shaft) is best suited for power extraction. This thesis will look into an alternative option, a three-spool design with a high-pressure turbine, low-pressure turbine, and a turbine dedicated to driving the fan. One of the three-spool turbines is designed to be a vaneless counter-rotating turbine. The off-design performance of this new design will be compared to the traditional two-spool design to determine if the additional spool is a practical alternative to current designs for high shaft horsepower extraction requirements. Upon analysis, this thesis has shown that a three-spool engine with a vaneless counter-rotating stage has worse performance characteristics than traditional two-spool designs for UAV systems. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Aerospace Engineering 2019

Sclerostin, a protein coded for by the SOST gene, is an osteocyte-expressed negative regulator of bone formation. The absence of SOST in the genome may have an effect on bone formation both during skeletal maturation and full maturity. This study attempts to determine significant differences in the mechanical properties of bone that expresses SOST compared to bone that does not. One hundred femur samples from 6, 8, and 12 month old mice were obtained from Lawrence Livermore National Labs and loaded until failure using three-point bending. Results showed significant differences in treatment group effects for cross sectional area, yield force, and ultimate force. SOST knockout (KO) mice were found to have significantly higher values for these properties in comparison to transgenic (TG) and wildtype (WT) littermates. In addition, there was a noted effect dependent on the primary axis of loading, anterior-posterior versus medial-lateral. Lastly, data from this study support the existing hypothesis that there is no systematic side-to-side (left-right) difference in bone formation. This data may aid understanding of the role SOST has in bone formation. If the structural integrity and quality of bone resulting from the removal of the SOST gene is shown to be comparable to that of normal, healthy bone, the use of gene therapy to combat diseases/disorders such as osteoporosis may lead to important contributions to medical therapy.

High levels of fish mean cannot be used in chick diets in the United States because of the relatively high cost as compared to soybean meal. In certain areas or countries where large amounts of fish meal are produced, it may be economically feasible to use fish meal as the major protein supplement in the poultry rations. Feed consumed by poultry must provide most of the materials the birds need for growth or to produce eggs. Those who formulate feed must select ingredients and combine them in proportions which will allow the bird to grow or produce eggs at the lowest possible cost. Fish meal is a good source of essential amino acids. Numerous studies during the past several decades have demonstrated the value of fish meal as a source of unidentified growth factors, essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and energy. The nutritive value of commercially produced fish meal showed great variation when investigated by the protein quality index method. The fish species used, the parts of fish used, amount of heating, fat removal, and duration of storage significantly affected the nutritional value of fish meals. The methods of processing and fractionation of the original fish carcass are different for different species. For example, menhaden meal is made from whole fish, but tuna fish meal is made from cannery scraps that contain relatively less muscle and more bone and skin than does menhaden meal. Meal high in bone and skin may be inferior to meals high in muscle protein. Meals high in oil may be poorer than those lower in oil if the meals are not processed and stored properly. The experiments reported in this thesis were conducted to determine if the three fish meals studied varied in the amino acid levels and pattern provided to the chick and to determine if these differences explain differences in the feeding value of these meals. Studies were conducted with two lots of Canadian herring meal, a tuna meal, and Peruvian fish meal probably made from anchovy.

The overall purpose of this study was to assess family patterns in regard to food practices and family rituals that occur in all families. Specifically, four major purposes were considered in this study: (a) to learn more about generational food practices and how they are passed from one generation to the next, (b) to analyze demographic factors in relation to food related practices, (c) to understand the role of family ritual in family food practices, and (d) to learn how family food practices impact the dietary patterns for society at large. The data were obtained in February am March of 1986 from Idaho state University students via an 11-page questionnaire. The sample included 20 Young married couples with a child at least two years of age and both sets of their parents. Information was gathered from the grandparent generation by asking questions of the parent generation considering their home of origin. The major findings of this study were: 1. Parental example was the largest factor in food habits, with mothers having the greatest impact between the parents. When considering special eating styles and settings, mothers were more likely to pass information across generations than fathers. Mothers have been, and are still, the major menu planners and meal preparers; but fathers I influence on food habits has increased over time, especially when considering what is served to the family. Mothers desire more fixed meal scheduling than fathers or other family members. 2. The average time spent at meals has decreased over time, and saying grace at meals has increased across time. 3. The second generation was the most influential generation in celebrating holidays with special eating styles and patterns. 4. Televisions and microwave ovens are having a major impact on families over time. With increased ownership of microwaves, there is an increase of snacking instead of having regular meals. Television viewing at meal time has increased dramatically over time. A major implication of this study is to provide food and nutrition educational programs that teach all family members the central concepts that can be applied in the changing daily eating practices.

This was an exploratory study of 243 MFTs in the states of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. A majority (66%) reported that they had been in therapy at some time during their careers. The purposes of this research were to (a) find out how therapists effectively and ethically cope with stress, (b) find out more about the therapists who do not utilize therapy, and (c) find out what barriers therapists face in seeking therapy when they do need or desire it. Effective coping strategies for stress included religious activities, exercise, and spending time with family and friends. Characteristics associated with not having been to therapy were being male, in a first marriage, Latter-day Saint, working in a for-profit agency with inpatient clients, licensed in Utah, and having at least three children. The most common barriers to seeking therapy were "I can handle my own problem(s) effectively enough without therapy" and "My problem(s) is/are not significant enough."

Text-to-scene generation systems take input in the form of a natural language text and output a 3D scene illustrating the meaning of that text. A major benefit of text-to-scene generation is that it allows users to create custom 3D scenes without requiring them to have a background in 3D graphics or knowledge of specialized software packages. This contributes to making text-to-scene useful in scenarios from creative applications to education. The primary goal of this thesis is to explore how we can use text-to-scene generation in a new way: as a tool to facilitate the elicitation and formal documentation of language. In particular, we use text-to-scene generation (a) to assist field linguists studying endangered languages; (b) to provide a cross-linguistic framework for formally modeling spatial language; and (c) to collect language data using crowdsourcing. As a side effect of these goals, we also explore the problem of multilingual text-to-scene generation, that is, systems for generating 3D scenes from languages other than English. The contributions of this thesis are the following. First, we develop a novel tool suite (the WordsEye Linguistics Tools, or WELT) that uses the WordsEye text-to-scene system to assist field linguists with eliciting and documenting endangered languages. WELT allows linguists to create custom elicitation materials and to document semantics in a formal way. We test WELT with two endangered languages, Nahuatl and Arrernte. Second, we explore the question of how to learn a syntactic parser for WELT. We show that an incremental learning method using a small number of annotated dependency structures can produce reasonably accurate results. We demonstrate that using a parser trained in this way can significantly decrease the time it takes an annotator to label a new sentence with dependency information. Third, we develop a framework that generates 3D scenes from spatial and graphical semantic primitives. We incorporate this system into the WELT tools for creating custom elicitation materials, allowing users to directly manipulate the underlying semantics of a generated scene. Fourth, we introduce a deep semantic representation of spatial relations and use this to create a new resource, SpatialNet, which formally declares the lexical semantics of spatial relations for a language. We demonstrate how SpatialNet can be used to support multilingual text-to-scene generation. Finally, we show how WordsEye and the semantic resources it provides can be used to facilitate elicitation of language using crowdsourcing.

Computer vision is concerned with the recovery of useful scene or camera information from a set of images. One classical problem is the estimation of the 3D scene structure depicted in multiple photographs. Such estimation fundamentally requires determining how the cameras are related in space. For a dynamic event recorded by multiple video cameras, finding the temporal relationship between cameras has a similar importance. Estimating such synchrony is key to a further analysis of the dynamic scene components. Existing approaches to synchronisation involve using visual cues common to both videos, and consider a discrete uniform range of synchronisation hypotheses. These prior methods exploit known constraints which hold in the presence of synchrony, from which both a temporal relationship, and an unchanging spatial relationship between the cameras can be recovered. This thesis presents methods that synchronise a pair of independently moving cameras. The spatial configuration of cameras is assumed to be known, and a cost function is developed to measure the quality of synchrony even for accuracies within a fraction of a frame. A Histogram method is developed which changes the approach from a consideration of multiple synchronisation hypotheses, to searching for seemingly synchronous frame pairs independently. Such a strategy has increased efficiency in the case of unknown frame rates. Further savings can be achieved by reducing the sampling rate of the search, by only testing for synchrony across a small subset of frames. Two robust algorithms are devised, using Bayesian inference to adaptively seek the sampling rate that minimises total execution time. These algorithms have a general underlying premise, and should be applicable to a wider class of robust estimation problems. A method is also devised to robustly synchronise two moving cameras when their spatial relationship is unknown. It is assumed that the motion of each camera has been estimated independently, so that these motion estimates are unregistered. The algorithm recovers both a synchronisation estimate, and a 3D transformation that spatially registers the two cameras. / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science, 2008

Many studies of children's learning in Art education have focused on the young child working in two-dimensional processes. This study examined ways in which emerging-adolescents worked three dimensionally with clay. The purpose of the study was to discover whether the introduction of adult models of three-dimensional form would affect the way the child perceived and constructed threedimensional form. These models were presented as perceptual frames of reference related to the problem confronting the child. The development of perceptual differentiation skills and perceptual, manipulative and conceptual modes of learning underpin this investigation. Four intact classrooms of 12 year olds were studied and the results were examined by a panel of judges. A rating scale devised by the author was applied to each model. The scale was designed to measure five aspects of three-dimensional form. Results indicated that three-dimensional art works made by adults do affect aspects of the way children approach visual problem solving. Implications for the use of such frames of reference in the art classroom and indications of associated motivational and attitudinal changes are presented in the study.

This project explores systematic strategies for establishing a definitive mode of representation in drawing. These strategies are considered in the context of the subjectivities and contingencies of perceptual experience, the mediation of that experience and inherent limitations in representational language. The aim is to explore the possibilities of constructing two-dimensional artworks which serve to define or investigate perceptual processes, perspective devices and spatial relationships.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.