Abstract The importers of wood, sources from around the world through an exclusive of the way to import and export of wood materials to meet the needs of the Asian region, particularly in the domestic market. The wood materials used in public landscaping works are the most valuable and quantitative. Hence, many varieties of imported timbers which require the recommendation by the importer , and therefore the marketing strategy of timber importers often becomes the key decision to use wood materials, such as the United States imported Southern Yellow Pine and the Southeast Asia Pacific iron wood (Merbau), Borneo ironwood (Belian). However, due to the more mature trees being widely accepted by the users but some bad importers sell newly developed cheap replacement, resulting in shorter and the poor quality of life. And this resulted in lower market demand for timber, as a situation of economic theory, "bad money drives out good money". For these above reasons, there is a lack of coordinated organization to consolidate for such a long time in past one-stand-along critical competitive situation resulting in the decline of timber industry. Based on this, to integrate the business platform, the establishment of a national association should be implemented to avoid the price of damage a, build the coordination mechanism, and set up a set of standard testing procedures. Under the gradually declined timber industries, a strong sales promotion strategy should be developed to achieve the success in 1980s. The marketing promotion strategy of timber industry is developed and analyzed with marketing 4P tools. This study gathered the collective opinions of member companies towards the Association's recommendations and expectations. The survey was conducted collectively and analyzed. Finally, the conclusion and recommendations is proposed for guiding future marketing direction. Keywords: Timber Industry Association, marketing strategy, marketing communication

The significance of the Canadian timber industry and its subsequent contributions to the economic structure of early Canada is well-documented. Discussions on the growth of the industry centre around the expanding American markets, British interest in Maritime forest resources and the shifting of interest to the resources of the Canadian Shield, culminating on the trade in the Ottawa Valley. The effects of water transportation routes and construction of the railway system on trade are also significant themes. Furthermore, historical sketches on various lumbering giants, and tales of myth-like lumberjacks and shanty towns add colourful sources of slightly more specific details of the lumbering era. The relationship between the settler and lumbermen comprises yet another area of relevant concern. Studies of settlement patterns and timber boom towns logically follow the discussions on the partnership between lumbermen and farmers.To fully appreciate the significance of the timber trade in Canada, and more specifically in Upper Canada, a clear appreciation of all the above data is necessary. One level of documentation, however, is curiously absent from the discussion on lumbering and that is the level of very specific detail. Very few attempts have been made to document the arrival of lumbering on the primary level of individual land licence application. This paper acknowledges this oversight and initiates a methodological, lot by concession lot, study of lumbering in a defined study area. / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy

Thesis (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.

Dentre os resíduos sólidos industriais, os provenientes do processo de extração e transformação de madeira se destacam, primeiro, pelo volume e, segundo, pelo seu potencial energético pouco explorado. A exploração e o processamento industrial de madeira estão entre as principais atividades econômicas da Amazônia, sendo que o aproveitamento da matéria-prima pelas madeireiras é estimado em 45% do volume de uma tora. Vários fatores definem o aproveitamento da madeira como espécie, produto fabricado, maquinário utilizado e defeitos naturais, fazendo com que cada segmento tenha um percentual de aproveitamento. Entretanto, os últimos anos foram de mudanças para o setor, principalmente na destinação dos resíduos, que de problema ambiental e social, passou a ser uma solução rentável e barata para suprir as necessidades energéticas impostas pelo avanço das indústrias no Estado de Mato Grosso. De soluções paliativas que aumentavam as proporções do problema, como a queima do resíduo em fornos ou a céu aberto, passou-se a utilizá-lo para a geração de energia; como queima direta, briquetes, carvão vegetal, maravalha, serragem, cavaco, lenha e pellets. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos nas indústrias de extração e transformação de madeira localizadas na Amazônia Mato-Grossense sob o aspecto da geração de energia a fim de oferecer auxílio aos tomadores de decisão em vários níveis de produção sobre a destinação mais adequada para os resíduos sólidos, levando em conta aspectos ambientais, econômicos e financeiros. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método exploratório, qualitativo, orientado por quatro estudos de caso realizados em indústrias de base florestal. Os resultados indicam que não é possível aproveitar 100% da madeira nos processos de desdobro e beneficiamento sendo a geração de resíduos inerente ao processamento da madeira. Porém, as empresas buscam alternativas para o aproveitamento seja comercializando o resíduo e promovendo o intercâmbio de massa com empresas que fabricam outros produtos ou utilizando-o na própria indústria para gerar energia. Observou-se que os projetos com o objetivo de aproveitar os resíduos nas quatro empresas analisadas são viáveis economicamente e além do benefício financeiro oferecem soluções para problemas ambientais e sociais decorrentes da atividade madeireira. Com esta pesquisa, espera-se contribuir para o aproveitamento mais sustentável dos resíduos desta atividade. / Among solid industrial residues, those from the wood extraction and processing stand out for two reasons. First for the volume and second for the energy potential that it has and is not being explored yet. The industrial processing and harvesting of wood are among the most important economical activities in the Amazon region, given that only around 45 % of a log is actually used by the industry. Many factors define how much of a log is used, such as: species of tree, final product, machinery and natural defects, causing all segments to have a percentage of loss. However, during the last years there were changes for the sector regarding the destination of the residues, which went from having environmental and social problems to a profitable and inexpensive solution to the energy needs of the industries in Mato Grosso State. Irrational solutions which increased the problem such as the burning of residues without any use are now changing to use the wood residues to generate energy and; direct burning, briquettes, charcoal, wood shavings, sawdust, wood chips, firewood, and pellets. The aim of this research was to evaluate the management of solid residues which come from the extraction and transformation of wood in the Amazon Forest in the state of Mato Grosso regarding the generation of energy in order to offer support to the decision makers at various levels of production about the best destination for the solid residues, considering environmental, economical and financial aspects. To do this, the exploratory, qualitative method was used, oriented by a case study performed in four logging industries. Our results indicate that it is not possible utilize 100 % of wood in unfolding mechanisms and processing, where residues generation is inherent to wood process. But the companies are searching for alternative ways for the use of their residues. One way is the using of it for commercial purposes promoting an exchange of mass with companies that manufacture others products. The other way would be using it in the own company to generate energy. Thus, it was possible to observe that the projects aiming the use of residues in the four companies analyzed were economical viable and besides of financial benefit they offer solutions to resolve environmental and social problems arising of wood activity. The results of this research will contribute to a more sustainable usage of this industrys residues.

Ur ett internationellt perspektiv anses Sverige vara ett jämställt land. Trots detta finnsen utpräglad könssegregering på arbetsmarknaden som ett resultat av traditionellaföreställningar om vad som är kvinnliga och manliga yrken. Träindustrin harhistoriskt sett varit en mansdominerad bransch och det är fortfarande svårt för kvinnoratt få anställning inom den branschen. Vid rekrytering av personal finns möjligheterför företag att förändra den demografiska strukturen hos arbetsstyrkan.Med denna bakgrund ämnade denna studie att undersöka rekryteringsprocessen ur ettjämställdhetsperspektiv på ett utvalt företag inom träindustrin. Företaget har delat insina anställda under två yrkeskategorier, tjänstemän och kollektivpersonal.Underrepresentationen av kvinnor är mest märkbar bland kollektivpersonal och därförstuderades skillnader i hur rekryteringsprocessen ser ut mellan yrkeskategorierna.Studiens resultat visade att jämställdhetsperspektivet inte beaktas i samtliga momentav rekryteringsprocessen. Resultatet visade också skillnader i rekryteringsprocessenmellan de olika yrkeskategorierna. Vår slutsats blev således att företagetsrekryteringsprocess kan utgöra hinder för kvinnor att få anställning. / Sweden is considered to be an egalitarian country. Despite this there is a pronouncedgender segregation in the labor market. Traditional notions of what constitutes asmale and female occupations are still factors that influence the labor market. Thetimber industry has historically been a male-dominated industry. It is still difficult forwomen to obtain employment in that industry. When recruiting staff, a company hasthe opportunity to alter the demographic segementation of the workforce.Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the recruitment process on a selectedcompany in the timber industry from a gender perspective. The company has dividedits employees under two categories, civil servants and collectiv employees. Since theunder-representation of women is most noticeable among the collectiv employees, thestudy focuses on the differences in how the recruitment process looks between thesediffrerent categories. The study showed that a gender perspective is not taken intoaccount in all parts of the recruitment process. The results also showed differences inthe recruitment process between the different occupational categories. Our conclusionwas therefore that the company's recruitment process may hinder women to obtainemployment.

179f. / Submitted by Hozana Azevedo (hazevedo@ufba.br) on 2013-06-25T13:27:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FONSECA H. G.pdf: 2242238 bytes, checksum: 33f5bd89aa76f13f663a02aecb9e0e15 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela(anapoli@ufba.br) on 2013-06-27T14:59:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FONSECA H. G.pdf: 2242238 bytes, checksum: 33f5bd89aa76f13f663a02aecb9e0e15 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-27T14:59:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FONSECA H. G.pdf: 2242238 bytes, checksum: 33f5bd89aa76f13f663a02aecb9e0e15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / CNPq / O presente estudo se volta à compreensão da exploração de madeireira de construção ao norte da comarca de Ilhéus e seu avanço no final do século XVIII, em que a crise do Antigo Sistema Colonial e a Ilustração lusitana propiciaram a criação do mais forte instrumento de ingerência estatal sobre as florestas brasileiras de todo o período colonial, expresso na Carta Régia de março de 1797. No contexto da crise do Antigo Regime, as nações européias acirravam suas relações, provocando várias reformas, principalmente em suas legislações e burocracia. Assim a coroa portuguesa criou Inspetoria dos Reais Cortes (1780), seguida da Conservadoria das Matas (1797) em Ilhéus, apoiada em agentes formados na universidade de Coimbra reformada em 1772, buscando conservar o principal e mais próximo celeiro de estoques de madeiras náuticas para o seu mais importante estaleiro no Atlântico, na capital da Bahia. Embora a pressão sobre as florestas coloniais tenha se iniciado nos primórdios da colonização, a partir do terremoto em Lisboa faz-se sentir uma intensidade na utilização do recurso lenhoso e das tentativas de monopolização régia. Dentro deste contexto, a exploração de madeiras de construção criou mecanismos voltados a atingir a auto-suficiência da engenharia náutica em recursos lenhosos, envolvendo os agentes reais, as elites baianas empenhadas na exploração seletiva das florestas, provocando a escassez de espécies e o encarecimento das peças náuticas. A Terra de Tinharé, por sua vez, foi o maior alvo dos fabricantes de madeira no período, pela viabilidade que o arquipélago desempenhava do ponto de vista geográfico (rios, barras, ilhas, matas densas e populações indígenas), facilitando o escoamento e o encaminhamento de remessas através de atalhos que reduziam viagens e os custos, proporcionando menores despesas a Real Fazenda e maiores obtenções de lucros para os fabricantes. O período escolhido vai da criação da inspetoria (1780) até o ano de 1801, em que D. Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho se afasta da Secretaria de Estado dos Negócios e Domínios Ultramarinos, ficando a Conservadoria das Matas de Ilhéus sem o apoio governamental de outrora, para desempenhar sua função. Então, a idéia de floresta como fonte de riquezas ilimitadas (a fronteira aberta) é enfatizada, as idéias smithnianas e ilustradas proporcionam os argumentos contrários ao monopólio preconizado pelos agentes do Antigo Regime e o mapeamento científico dos préstimos dos vegetais auxilia no conhecimento e devastação da biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica. This study turns to the understanding of timber construction at north of the district of Ilhéus and its advancement in the late 18th century, when the crisis of the colonial system and Lusitanian Illustration spurred the creation of the strongest instrument of state intervention on Brazilian forests around the colonial period, expressed in the Royal Charter of March 1797. In the context of the crisis of the Old Regime, European nations incited their relationships, leading to several reforms, particularly regarding laws and bureaucracy. Thus the Portuguese crown established the Royal Courts Inspectorate (1780), followed by the conservatism of Forests (1797) in Ilhéus, supported by officers trained at the University of Coimbra reformed in 1772, seeking to preserve the principal and nearest stock barn of nautical wood their most important shipyard in the Atlantic at the capital of Bahia. Although the pressure on colonial forests has been initiated in the beginnings of colonization, from the Lisbon earthquake is felt at an intensity of utilization of timber resources and attempts to royal monopolization. Within this context, the exploitation of timber construction has developed mechanisms aimed at achieving self-sufficiency in wood resources in nautical engineering, involving both real and Bahian elites engaged in selective logging of forests, causing the scarcity of species and price enhancement of nautical pieces. The Tinharé´s land, in turn, was a major focus of manufacturers of wood in the period, by the strategic viability that the archipelago represented, from the standpoint of geographic (rivers, bars, islands, dense forests and indigenous peoples), both for the flow, as for the routing of remittances through shortcuts that reduced travel and costs, providing greater revenue to the Royal Treasury and higher profit-margins for manufacturers. The chosen period from creation of the province (1780) by the year 1801, when D. Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho departs from the Secretary of State for Foreign and Overseas Dominions, being the Conservatorship of the Forests of Ilhéus without government support in the past, to perform its function. So the idea of forest as a source of unlimited wealth (the open border) is emphasized, and the smithnianas´s illustrated ideas provide arguments against the monopoly advocated by officials of the Old Regime and the scientific mapping of plants helps in knowledge and destruction of Atlantic Forest´s biodiversity. / Salvador

Dentre os resíduos sólidos industriais, os provenientes do processo de extração e transformação de madeira se destacam, primeiro, pelo volume e, segundo, pelo seu potencial energético pouco explorado. A exploração e o processamento industrial de madeira estão entre as principais atividades econômicas da Amazônia, sendo que o aproveitamento da matéria-prima pelas madeireiras é estimado em 45% do volume de uma tora. Vários fatores definem o aproveitamento da madeira como espécie, produto fabricado, maquinário utilizado e defeitos naturais, fazendo com que cada segmento tenha um percentual de aproveitamento. Entretanto, os últimos anos foram de mudanças para o setor, principalmente na destinação dos resíduos, que de problema ambiental e social, passou a ser uma solução rentável e barata para suprir as necessidades energéticas impostas pelo avanço das indústrias no Estado de Mato Grosso. De soluções paliativas que aumentavam as proporções do problema, como a queima do resíduo em fornos ou a céu aberto, passou-se a utilizá-lo para a geração de energia; como queima direta, briquetes, carvão vegetal, maravalha, serragem, cavaco, lenha e pellets. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos nas indústrias de extração e transformação de madeira localizadas na Amazônia Mato-Grossense sob o aspecto da geração de energia a fim de oferecer auxílio aos tomadores de decisão em vários níveis de produção sobre a destinação mais adequada para os resíduos sólidos, levando em conta aspectos ambientais, econômicos e financeiros. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método exploratório, qualitativo, orientado por quatro estudos de caso realizados em indústrias de base florestal. Os resultados indicam que não é possível aproveitar 100% da madeira nos processos de desdobro e beneficiamento sendo a geração de resíduos inerente ao processamento da madeira. Porém, as empresas buscam alternativas para o aproveitamento seja comercializando o resíduo e promovendo o intercâmbio de massa com empresas que fabricam outros produtos ou utilizando-o na própria indústria para gerar energia. Observou-se que os projetos com o objetivo de aproveitar os resíduos nas quatro empresas analisadas são viáveis economicamente e além do benefício financeiro oferecem soluções para problemas ambientais e sociais decorrentes da atividade madeireira. Com esta pesquisa, espera-se contribuir para o aproveitamento mais sustentável dos resíduos desta atividade. / Among solid industrial residues, those from the wood extraction and processing stand out for two reasons. First for the volume and second for the energy potential that it has and is not being explored yet. The industrial processing and harvesting of wood are among the most important economical activities in the Amazon region, given that only around 45 % of a log is actually used by the industry. Many factors define how much of a log is used, such as: species of tree, final product, machinery and natural defects, causing all segments to have a percentage of loss. However, during the last years there were changes for the sector regarding the destination of the residues, which went from having environmental and social problems to a profitable and inexpensive solution to the energy needs of the industries in Mato Grosso State. Irrational solutions which increased the problem such as the burning of residues without any use are now changing to use the wood residues to generate energy and; direct burning, briquettes, charcoal, wood shavings, sawdust, wood chips, firewood, and pellets. The aim of this research was to evaluate the management of solid residues which come from the extraction and transformation of wood in the Amazon Forest in the state of Mato Grosso regarding the generation of energy in order to offer support to the decision makers at various levels of production about the best destination for the solid residues, considering environmental, economical and financial aspects. To do this, the exploratory, qualitative method was used, oriented by a case study performed in four logging industries. Our results indicate that it is not possible utilize 100 % of wood in unfolding mechanisms and processing, where residues generation is inherent to wood process. But the companies are searching for alternative ways for the use of their residues. One way is the using of it for commercial purposes promoting an exchange of mass with companies that manufacture others products. The other way would be using it in the own company to generate energy. Thus, it was possible to observe that the projects aiming the use of residues in the four companies analyzed were economical viable and besides of financial benefit they offer solutions to resolve environmental and social problems arising of wood activity. The results of this research will contribute to a more sustainable usage of this industrys residues.

Our thesis project consists of three architectural interventions: The Mushroom, The Gnat and The Snake, fitting into a vision of a Swedish forest managed in a more sustainable way. A future in which the practice of clear-felling has been abandoned in favor of alternative methods falling under the umbrella term Continuous Cover Forestry (CCF). As the biological aspects of forestry is not our area of expertise, we have investigated what this reorganization at large would mean for the Swedish landscape, economy and society. Where it becomes a question for architecture. When the timber industry looses its hegemony over the forest, the forest becomes available to different uses. For life and recreation, and for the production of forest goods other than timber, such as wild game meat, berries, and mushrooms. These activities are able to take place within the same space as forestry, thereby overcoming the spatial separation of functions we see today. Our interventions work by docking onto different points of today’s logistics flow, in order to later replace them. They take into account more of the different values and users of the forest which we have identified. The project follows the flow of goods from the forest as they make their way towards the larger markets. The Mushroom is an outpost in the middle of the productive forest which supplies the surrounding area with the necessary infrastructure in order to extract goods from it, doubling as a recreational dwelling. One of these can be placed every 30 km. The Gnat is a tower structure containing multiple different functions ranging from marking the pick-up spot for the harvested timber, functioning as a hunting tower, shelter and storage. Many of them are placed along forest roads. The Snake is a local processing plant managing small-scale refinement of the goods of the forest close to their site of harvest, thus channeling some of the economical flow back to the communities living of the forest. Together they form a complete series of infrastructure demonstrating how we could organize the future Swedish forest.

This thesis is focused on forestry economics and timber industry and present state of the Czech foreign commerce with raw food. Finally, there are determined critical factors, proposals and recommendations.

Актуальность и выбор темы магистерской диссертации обусловлена экономическим кризисом в стране, ростом темпа инфляции, а также задачами, поставленными руководством, направленными на сохранение стабильного дохода бизнеса с положительным приростом. Основными ориентирами к исполнению согласно обозначенной цели являются: увеличение объемов продаж; наращивание темпов роста объемов производства. Целью исследования является разработка стратегии развития предприятия лесной отрасли в современных условиях. / The relevance and choice of the topic of the master's thesis is due to the economic crisis in the country, the growth of inflation, as well as the tasks set by the management aimed at maintaining a stable business income with a positive increase. The main guidelines for execution according to the designated goal are: increase in sales; increasing the rate of growth of production volumes. The aim of the study is to develop a strategy for the development of a forestry enterprise in modern Russian conditions.