The thesis focuses on intercultural comparison of temporality models. The time in this research is being examined as a social-cultural category: as the basic component of the social system determining its entire dynamics and serving the purpose of organization and synchronization of its inner components. It intends to capture the cultural function of temporality model, its connection with the economical, historical, cosmological and religious system of the society and with its inner stratification. The focal point of the thesis lies in the comparison of the cyclical temporality models (as we find them among the indigenous nations and archaic cultures) with linear quantitative models of time within the modern societies (especially the Western civilization) and with comparative examination of the "sources" and "purposes" of time in both cultural types. Keywords Time - Culture - Temporality

This thesis aims at propounding possible relations between the concepts of time and art in Martin Heidegger&rsquo / s thinking. Time and art which hold a central place in different periods of Heidegger&rsquo / s thinking in line with his fundamental question of Being are considered together mainly through the analysis of artwork&rsquo / s temporal characteristics. The temporality of the artwork in question is investigated specifically in terms of its basic elements of earth and world and with its relation to authenticity. In this respect, this thesis argues that the work of art bears a temporality of its own and attempts to show how this is realized with the experience of art

Modern understandings of nostalgia sharply distinguish it from memory and often construe its relationship to the past as reactionary, fanciful, or retrograde. This dissertation reconsiders that valuation by engaging the formative sources that contribute to philosophical understandings of nostalgia and provide resources for thinking it otherwise. It reexamines time and memory in continental philosophy and U.S. cinema to argue that nostalgia does important work often overlooked in present conceptions, work that repositions relations with the past to generative, animating effect. The project analyzes the temporal issues nostalgia elicits, highlights its affective contours, and repositions its power to mediate and rework memory. It maintains that the role nostalgia plays in human experience is more propulsive than regressive, making it more attuned to time’s tensions and demands than previously thought. Chapter one narrates the history of nostalgia, beginning with the work of Johannes Hofer. Origins in medical nosology establish a diagnostic frame of reference that grounds nostalgia’s reception as pathology while also revealing its persistent instabilities. Martin Heidegger and, especially, Jacques Derrida bring the temporal vectors of those instabilities into sharper focus. Chapter two shows how Heidegger’s work provides a useful understanding of time and moods, but ultimately remains tethered to a nostalgia for presence (nostos). Chapter three brings Derrida’s thinking on time and the trace into conversation with psychoanalysis to isolate a more capacious approach, one that indulges nostalgic desire but also frustrates it (algos). The remaining chapters turn to film and develop an understanding of the moving image based on its ability to capture passing time, the eminent object of modern nostalgic experience. Chapter four engages critical literature on the uses of nostalgia in film and reconsiders George Lucas’s American Graffiti (1973), a pivotal work often reproached by critics and scholars. Chapter five advances a close reading of Terrence Malick’s The Tree of Life (2011) and his estranged relationship with philosophy. That relationship informs his work and often takes nostalgic recollection as an orienting concern. The film in question situates nostalgia as a propulsive screen affect that facilitates the work of mourning in the wake of loss and discontinuity. The dissertation concludes by sketching out horizons for future research and turning to insights contained in Augustine’s Confessions that further illustrate the form of nostalgia explored throughout.

No description available.

No description available.

[pt] Buscando aproximar os campos de investigação da Teoria da História com a Egiptologia, o presente estudo se propõe a pensar a qualidade que o tempo assumiu na cosmovisão da antiga Kemet. As muitas potências cósmicas que geraram o tempo – dentre elas Shu/Neheh e Tefnut/Djet – segundo os antigos, promoveram a existência da totalidade dos elementos que compunham uma imensa rede de conexão entre o mundo imanente e o mundo transcendente, conferindo ao universo cultural egípcio a peculiar feição de uma sociedade que apesar de desfrutar intensamente a vida terrena, mantinha o olhar constante na eternidade post mortem. Visando lançar novas perspectivas sobre a natureza de como a temporalidade criada pelos antigos foi tecendo o seu mundo de sentido, a tese se debruça sobre a investigação do modo pelo qual a ideia de tempo emerge das mais diversas naturezas de fontes, e de como ela encontra-se diretamente vinculada a uma outra potência – Maat –, força propulsiva que encerrando os atributos de ordem, justiça e retidão, permitia que a existência fluísse com o tempo, ou seja, que a unidade que configurou toda a criação a partir do movimento da gênese fosse mantida, tendo como cenário-espelho o espaço-tempo cósmico egípcio. / [en] This paper proposes a study on the quality that time assumed in the ancient Kemet s cosmovision in order to bring together a study on Historical Theory with Egyptology. The cosmic potencies that generate time – Shu/Neheh and Tefnut/Djet –, according to the ancients, promote the existence of the totality of elements that compose an immense network between the immanent world and the transcendent world. Thus conferring to the Egyptian cultural universe a society s peculiar feature that kept a constant eye on the post mortem eternity, whilst also enjoying terrestrial life. The aim is to present new perspectives on how the temporality created by the ancients allowed for their world to gain meaning. This thesis focuses on a study on how the idea of time emerges from many different sources. As well as how it is interconnected with another power – Maat –, a driving force composed of the attributes of order, justice and integrity that allowed existence and time to remain hand in hand. In other words, the unit that designed all of creation since its genesis was maintained, presenting as mirror-scenario the Egyptian cosmic space-time.

Could shareholder primacy, with its assumed short-termist practices, have had its day when it comes to managerial activity centered on creating corporate value? Many business and opinion leaders appear to take this position, not least Jack Welch who famously declared 'shareholder primacy is the dumbest idea in the world!' Indeed, in a post-Crash economy has a wider stakeholder focus with a longer-term outlook superseded any business notions of shareholder primacy and wealth maximization? This research examines these possibilities through a consideration of the narrative companies produce, such as annual reports. From this corpus material, an assessment is made of whether UK managers' perceptions about corporate value generation changed over the period covering the worldwide financial crisis, with respect to their relative favouring of shareholders and stakeholders. The corpus of narrative material used is visualized as a conceptual space in which a conversation reflecting perceptual bias to the generation of corporate value occurs. To explore such corpuses, in order to compare narratives at points either side of the 2008 Crash, a new methodology was devised called narrative staining. Hence, a detection and visual mapping over the period was made possible of managers' changing perceptions concerning primacy (shareholder or stakeholder orientation) with its mediation by termism (a short or long-term bias). Termism is also originally conceived as part of a larger temporal category, which includes a sense of urgency to act (urgent versus non-urgent) that is similarly examined. The investigation reveals that over time perceptual change about value creation happened, though in unanticipated ways. Companies pre-Crash were often short-term stakeholder oriented then moved post-Crash to a long-term shareholder orientation. A focus for this study was the corporate domain, consisting of a selection of FT250 companies. However, managerial perceptions about corporate value creation are influenced not simply by the conversation of the corporate domain but rather by a multi-actor conversation taking place throughout the business environment. To comprehend this effect, the research mines further corpuses that comprise the UK's regulatory domain (hard and soft law), the press (Financial Times and other newspapers), and relevant peripheral stakeholder organizations (including the Confederation of British Industry, the Institute of Directors, and the Trades Union Congress). These organizations demonstrated more complex, unforeseen, perceptual effects as the financial crisis proceeded with many aligning according to their political or business agenda, which also impacted any sense of urgency to act they had. There appears to be no previous attempt at an extensive and multivariate analysis of this nature. And the findings challenge prevalent characterizations of shareholder and stakeholder behaviour. Moreover, the research shows that utilizing a wide set of stakeholder corpuses acts a viable proxy for broader financial perspectives amongst UK organizations. The technique of narrative staining therefore provides insights, hitherto inaccessible, for assessing and consolidating large-scale perceptual bias regarding value creation across the economy. The technique also has significant potential for other applications.