Introdução: A formação médica é um processo complexo que envolve a aquisição de diversas competências. Este processo desenvolve-se durante a graduação e tende a consolidarse na residência médica. Embora seja uma forma reconhecida de capacitação profissional, críticas são feitas em relação à sobrecarga de trabalho, carga horária excessiva e privação de sono. Objetivo: Descrever e analisar estratégias de gestão do tempo no cotidiano de médicos residentes de Clínica Médica em um hospital universitário de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Na 1° fase foram realizadas 8 entrevistas com médicos residentes abordando aspectos de vida pessoal, familiar, empregos, estudo teórico e atividades práticas. Realizada análise de conteúdo com auxílio do programa MaxQDA. Na 2° fase foram preenchidos protocolos de atividades diárias por 7 residentes, 5 no estágio de avaliação pré-operatória e 2 no estágio do pronto-socorro de clínica médica. Calculadas médias individuais e em grupo destes dados. Resultados: Após análise de conteúdo 5 categorias foram selecionadas: a) Organização do trabalho durante as atividades práticas da residência; b) Atividade para aprendizado ou atividade profissional?; c) Moradia, planejamento financeiro e atividades domésticas; d) Tempo para lazer e relacionamentos interpessoais; e) Planejamento familiar / filhos; f) Repouso / Sono. Há relatos de atividades remuneradas não vinculadas a residência, diminuindo o tempo previsto para repouso, estudo ou lazer. Nos períodos de plantões noturnos há uma piora do convívio social e familiar devido ao deslocamento do repouso para o período diurno. O grupo no estágio de avaliação pré-operatório, em dias de atividade na residência, apresentou mediana de tempo diário em atividade de 7,5h; em repouso noturno 6,7h; em estudo teórico 2,2h e no repouso diurno 0h. Para o grupo no estágio do prontosocorro de clínica médica, nos dias de atividades diurnas esses tempos foram 13,0h; 7,0h; 0h e 0h, respectivamente. Para os dias de atividades noturnas, foram 12,5h; 0h; 0h e 7,1h, respectivamente. Discussão: Há diferenças entre trabalho prescrito e real pois a duração da jornada é superior ao previsto em alguns estágios, devido a intercorrências e visitas em enfermarias. O aumento do período da residência permitiria diminuição da carga horária diária, mas impactaria no planejamento pessoal destes médicos. Há uma privação parcial de sono que piora em estágios com plantões, interferindo inclusive em relacionamentos sociais, principalmente fora do ambiente de trabalho. Durante plantões noturnos há um pior desempenho das atividades, incluindo incidentes como interpretação errônea de exames e erros de prescrição médica. Conclusões: Os residentes vivenciam um período de aprendizado intenso, mas que exige uma carga horária elevada e trabalho complexo, com períodos de plantões noturnos e em fins de semana. Optam por adiar o momento da maternidade /paternidade para centrar a atenção nos estudos, seja para a prova de título da especialidade, quanto para um novo concurso de residência. Há diversas estratégias adotadas para gestão do tempo: residir próximo ao hospital; auxílio das atividades domésticas por diaristas; realizar refeições nos restaurantes do hospital; adiamento da maternidade / paternidade; apoio social centrado no convívio com outros residentes e supervisores. / Introduction: Medical education concerns in a complex process which involves acquisition of a wide range of skills. This process develops from undergraduate education to medical residency, when it consolidates. As long as it is a recognized way of training, criticisms are made due to work overload, excessive working hours, and sleep deprivation. Objective: To describe and analyze strategies of time management in the daily life of Internal Medicine residents in a university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: In the first phase, 8 interviews were conducted with resident physicians addressing aspects of personal and family life, jobs, theoretical study and practical activities. Data analysis was carried out using the MaxQDA program. In the second phase, protocols of daily activities were filled by 7 residents, 5 in the preoperative evaluation internship and 2 in the adult emergency room internship. Individual and group averages of the time spent with residency activities, rest, leisure, study and other jobs were performed. Results: After data analysis, 5 categories were selected: a) Organization of work during the practical activities of the residence; b) Activity for learning or professional activity?; c) Housing, financial planning and domestic activities; d) Time for leisure and interpersonal relationships; e) Family planning / children; f) Rest / Sleep. Paid activities beside the residency program were reported and responsible for decreasing the rest, study and leisure time. During the night shifts was noticed a decrease of social and family ties due to the change of resting hours towards the daytime. For the group in the preoperative evaluation internship, were identified the median daily time in activity of 7,5h of working time, 6,7h of night rest, 2,2h of internal medicine theory study and 0h of daytime rest. For the adult emergency room internship group, the activities hours were 13,0h; 7,0h; 0h and 0h, respectively. Lastly, for night shifts routines, the activities hours were 12,5h; 0h; 0h and 7,1h respectively. Discussion: There are differences between described and factual work since the working shift length is higher than anticipated in some internships, due to intercurrences and medical visits in wards. Increasing the duration of residency programs would let a decrease of daily working hours, but would impact in the personal planning of resident doctors. Sleep deprivation gets worse in internships composed by shift hours, impacting in social relationships outside work. During working shifts is notable a worse performance, being reported incidents such as lab tests misreading and prescription mistakes. Conclusions: Resident physicians experience a period of intense learning that requires a high and complex workload with night and weekend shifts. For that, maternity/paternity is postponed to aim studies for board or fellowship exams. There are various strategies used to improve time management: housing around hospital, support of maid services at home, oncampus feeding and social support centered on other residents and medical staff.

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Thesis ( M.Cur.) --University of Limpopo, 2011 / The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence professional nurses’ time management at Mankweng Hospital campus, a tertiary hospital in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The objectives of this study were to identify and describe factors that influence professional nurses’ time management at a tertiary hospital campus and describe the recommendations on effective time management at a tertiary hospital campus to improve quality of patient care. A quantitative research method was used in this study to describe factors that influence professional nurses’ time management. Data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study revealed that professional nurses were unable to manage time due to interruptions in between work performance, and this affected their productivity. The study recommended there is a need for professional nurses to attend in-service education related to management of time.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 18, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

<p>Den här kvalitativa studien syftar till att ge en bild av vilka uppgifter lärare utför mellan sina lektioner. Lärare tillbringar inte hela sin arbetsdag i klassrummet, utan en stor del ägnas åt andra aktiviteter än undervisning. Denna del av arbetet är dold för många utomstående och får därför inte samma uppmärksamhet som lektionstiden med eleverna. För att samla in material har åtta gymnasielärare ombetts föra loggböcker över sina aktiviteter utanför klassrummet under två veckor. Resultatet visar på en stor variation när det gäller olika uppgifters karaktär och frekvens. En stor del av tiden utanför klassrummet ägnas åt planering och förberedelser av olika slag. Även administrativa uppgifter tar en betydande del av lärarens tid i anspråk. Lärarna samtalar också med elever, kollegor och annan skolpersonal, samt utför en mängd andra aktiviteter inom ramen för arbetet. Blandningen av dessa uppgifter varierar kraftigt mellan individer inom korta perioder.</p>

Den här kvalitativa studien syftar till att ge en bild av vilka uppgifter lärare utför mellan sina lektioner. Lärare tillbringar inte hela sin arbetsdag i klassrummet, utan en stor del ägnas åt andra aktiviteter än undervisning. Denna del av arbetet är dold för många utomstående och får därför inte samma uppmärksamhet som lektionstiden med eleverna. För att samla in material har åtta gymnasielärare ombetts föra loggböcker över sina aktiviteter utanför klassrummet under två veckor. Resultatet visar på en stor variation när det gäller olika uppgifters karaktär och frekvens. En stor del av tiden utanför klassrummet ägnas åt planering och förberedelser av olika slag. Även administrativa uppgifter tar en betydande del av lärarens tid i anspråk.Lärarna samtalar också med elever, kollegor och annan skolpersonal, samt utför en mängd andra aktiviteter inom ramen för arbetet. Blandningen av dessa uppgifter varierar kraftigt mellan individer inom korta perioder.

Den här kvalitativa studien syftar till att ge en bild av vilka uppgifter lärare utför mellan sina lektioner. Lärare tillbringar inte hela sin arbetsdag i klassrummet, utan en stor del ägnas åt andra aktiviteter än undervisning. Denna del av arbetet är dold för många utomstående och får därför inte samma uppmärksamhet som lektionstiden med eleverna. För att samla in material har åtta gymnasielärare ombetts föra loggböcker över sina aktiviteter utanför klassrummet under två veckor. Resultatet visar på en stor variation när det gäller olika uppgifters karaktär och frekvens. En stor del av tiden utanför klassrummet ägnas åt planering och förberedelser av olika slag. Även administrativa uppgifter tar en betydande del av lärarens tid i anspråk. Lärarna samtalar också med elever, kollegor och annan skolpersonal, samt utför en mängd andra aktiviteter inom ramen för arbetet. Blandningen av dessa uppgifter varierar kraftigt mellan individer inom korta perioder.

A column generation based approach is proposed to solve scheduling problems for fractional airlines efficiently and return near optimal schedules. Crew tours are building blocks of our approach, and our approach is focused on exploring more feasible tours than other approaches. In particular, all elements of a crew tour are optimized during the preparation and tour generation procedures. Moreover, time windows of customer-requested flights are handled exactly, and generalized to time window and crew time window of duties and tours. Furthermore, time windows of tours are contained in the MIP formulation to ensure more feasible connections between tours. In the pricing subproblem, an efficient constrained shortest path algorithm is proposed, which is necessary for our model and also provides extensibility for incorporating more complex constraints in the future. Computational results of our model show very small optimality gaps and consistent improvements over the model used in practice. Moreover, restricted versions of our model that have fast running time are provided, thus very desired in the case that running time has more priority than solution quality. In order to understand the demand, data mining of demand data is presented and analyzed. Moreover, a recovery model is proposed to deal with unscheduled maintenance in practice, by reserving airplanes and crews in the model. Computational experiments show the advantage of the recovery model, in the case of simulated unscheduled maintenance and comparing to models without recovery considerations.

<p>Den här kvalitativa studien syftar till att ge en bild av vilka uppgifter lärare utför mellan sina lektioner. Lärare tillbringar inte hela sin arbetsdag i klassrummet, utan en stor del ägnas åt andra aktiviteter än undervisning. Denna del av arbetet är dold för många utomstående och får därför inte samma uppmärksamhet som lektionstiden med eleverna. För att samla in material har åtta gymnasielärare ombetts föra loggböcker över sina aktiviteter utanför klassrummet under två veckor. Resultatet visar på en stor variation när det gäller olika uppgifters karaktär och frekvens. En stor del av tiden utanför klassrummet ägnas åt planering och förberedelser av olika slag. Även administrativa uppgifter tar en betydande del av lärarens tid i anspråk.Lärarna samtalar också med elever, kollegor och annan skolpersonal, samt utför en mängd andra aktiviteter inom ramen för arbetet. Blandningen av dessa uppgifter varierar kraftigt mellan individer inom korta perioder.</p>

Thesis (Ph.D)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. / Committee Chair: Rogers, Wendy; Committee Member: Catrambone, Richard; Committee Member: Charness, Neil; Committee Member: Feldman, Jack; Committee Member: Fisk, Arthur. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.