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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Inverkan av avvattningshastighet på formation och styrka på ark med låg ytvikt / The Influence of Dewatering Speed on Formation and Strength Properties of Low Grammage Webs

PULGAR NEIRA, HUGO ALEJANDRO January 2015 (has links)
For this thesis project, a method to analyze the dewatering time for the drainage process during laboratory sheet making on a Finnish sheet former was developed. The resulting method proved to deliver very reliable information about the dewatering time and the transient speed of the sheet making process. The method was then used for two studies to find how fiber types, refining and/or slower dewatering conditions affects sheet properties, like formation and tensile strength. The first study compared the difference in formation and strength between softwood and hardwood fibers at three different drainage restrictions. The second study was performed to understand the effect of refining on dewatering time and the connection to resulting sheet properties. The results of both studies showed that at low grammages, the fiber web that was formed did not affect the dewatering time and speed regardless of the type of fibers or refining level. This meant that the drainage for low grammages sheets was solely controlled by the drainage restriction of the draining pipe on the sheet former. In addition, tensile strength and formation of the sheets did not vary significantly between the different dewatering speeds tested and the differences where more related to fiber properties than to the modified conditions of the dewatering of the sheet making process.
2

Undersökning av tissue-pappers mekaniska interaktion med en taktil fingersensor

Aziz, Rawen, Aziz, Rami January 2020 (has links)
Tissue-papper eller mjukpapper är material som används för hygienändamål och finns tillgängligt som toalettpapper, hushållspapper och näsdukar. Beroende på vilken typ av tissue-papper som tillverkas anpassas egenskaper genom bland annat val av fibrer och kemikalier. Problemet som finns idag är att vissa mjukpapper brister i kvalitet vilket exemplifieras med att de rivs sönder i längden och inte vid perforeringen. Mjukpapper kan även gå sönder efter toalettbesöket. Detta leder till ökat produktsvinn och miljöbelastning. Som en del i att försöka minska miljöbelastningen och optimera egenskaperna hos papper har en studie genomförts inom ramen för ett mekaniskt forskningsprojekt som drivs av forskargruppen ”Mechanics and materials” på Örebro universitet. I detta arbete har fyra olika typer av mjukpapper studerats. Under arbetet har de olika pappersprodukternas omslutningsförmåga, det vill säga deras kontaktvinkel, vid tryck undersökts och analyserats. Vidare har även nedböjningen vid belastning undersökts teoretiskt. Syftet med arbetet var att undersöka ifall det fanns en koncis metod för att mäta omslutningen med, som en del i det större forskningsprojektet. Som verktyg används en objektiv fingerliknande sensor för att se en möjlig korrelation med mätmetoden. Resultatet visade att metoden var koncis och hade en korrelation med den objektiva fingerliknande sensorns utslag. Till fortsatt arbete rekommenderas ytterligare tester på pappersprodukterna för att utföra en noggrann statistisk analys. Även ytterligare kopplingar till pappersprodukternas egenskaper kan ge en djupare förståelse av hur materialet böjer sig vid belastning. / Tissue paper or soft paper are materials used for hygiene purposes and are available as toilet paper, kitchen paper and handkerchiefs. Depending on the variety that is manufactured, properties are adapted based on, among other things, the choice of fibers and chemicals. The problem that exists today is that some tissues lack quality, which is exemplified by the fact that they are torn in the long run and not during the perforation. Tissue can also break after the toilet visit. This leads to increased product waste and environmental impact. As part of trying to reduce the environmental impact and optimize the properties of paper, this report is written within the constraints of a mechanical science project by the research group called “Mechanics and materials” on Orebro university. In this project, four different types of tissue have been studied. During the work, the enclosing ability of the various paper products, its contact angle, has been examined and analyzed under pressure. Furthermore, the deflection under load has also been investigated theoretically. The purpose of the work was to investigate whether there was a concise method to measure the coverage, as part of the larger research project. An objective finger-like sensor is used as a tool to see a possible correlation with the measurement method. The results showed that the method was consistent and had a correlation with the objective finger-like sensor result. For further work, further tests on the paper products are recommended to perform a thorough statistical analysis. Further connections to the properties of the paper products can also provide a deeper understanding of how the material bends under load.
3

Framtagning av ett mätkonceptsförslag angående mjukhetsmätningen på tissue-papper / Development of a proposal for a measuring concept regarding the softness of tissue-paper

Kroona, Gustav, Karlsson, Jonatan January 2020 (has links)
Detta är en förstudie som går ut på att utveckla ett mätkonceptsförslag. Förslaget ska kunna fungera som ett potentiellt fundament för fortsatt arbete för att kunna avgöra mjukheten hos tissue-papper, det vill säga hög-absorberande papper som till stor del används för hygienändamål som exempelvis toalettpapper och servetter. Förslaget ska integreras med mätinstrumentet Syntouch BioTac som är en haptisk sensor samt tryck- och dragprovaren Lloyd LR5K. Kravet för att mätkonceptet ska vara acceptabelt är att det ska vara objektivt samt repeterbart.  En litteraturstudie genomfördes tidigt som resulterade i att författarna insåg att en prototyp behövde konstrueras. Prototypen utvecklades med hjälp av nödvändiga teorier som skulle säkerhetsställa att framtagningen av prototypen gjordes på ett objektivt sätt.  Tre olika typer av tissue-papper valdes ut för att genomgå mätmetoden med den konstruerade prototypen. Mätmetoden genererade data som sedan analyserades med lådagram och dessutom åskådliggjordes testresultatet med grafer. Datan analyserades och resulterade i att förstudien gav författarna ett positivt utslag på frågeställning. Det vill säga att mätkonceptsförslaget uppfyllde objektivitet samt repeterbarhet. / This is a pilot study which involves a development of creating a proposal for a concept that can measure tissue-paper. This study should be able to be used as a fundamental thesis for future studies that will determine the softness of tissue-paper, ergo paper that is highly absorbent of liquids which is frequently used for personal hygiene such as toilet paper and napkins etc. The concept must be integrated with the haptic sensor Syntouch BioTac which is mounted on the push-pull tester Lloyd LR5K. The requirement to make this study successful is that the measuring concept will produce data which not only is objectively created but also repeatable.  The study began with research which resulted with the conclusion that a prototype needed to be created that would make it possible to perform tests on the tissue-papers. Creating the prototype was made possible by using a few necessary theories which would ensure that it would be done accordingly with minimal subjective input.  Three different kinds of tissue-paper were chosen to go through the measuring procedure with the constructed prototype. The data that was obtained from the procedure was then analyzed with boxplots and the test results were also depicted into graphs. The conclusion that was made after analyzing the data was that the authors of this study had obtained a positive verdict according to their issued question. Thus, the measuring concept was presenting objectively and repeatable results.
4

Investigation of the Applicability of Fracture Mechanics for Tissue Paper / Tillämpning av brottmekanik på mjukpapper

Boestad, Albin January 2023 (has links)
Tissue paper is a common type of paper material and is used in a variety of products. For tissue paper, several properties are of interest, such as absorbency, softness, bulk and mechanical properties. Embossing is an operation used to apply a pattern on tissue paper. It is used to improve several properties, but is known to reduce mechanical properties. Currently, no models can predict the loss of strength due to embossing. In this report base tissue paper is embossed with two different embossing patterns and tensile tests are conducted with and without edge notches. The edge notch length was varied between 0 mm to 12 mm. From the experiment, a modified Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics model was applied on both base tissue paper and embossed tissue paper tensile test results. The experimental procedure is described. In total, four different paper qualities were tested. Two that are designed for toilet paper and two that are designed for kitchen paper. The tissue sheets were embossed using 3D-printed plates and conducted in a laboratory environment. Tensile tests with edge-notch specimens were performed. The notch lengths tested were between 0 mm and 12 mm long. It was investigated if any trends of the parameters in the model could be noticed due to embossing. The model worked well for all base tissue qualities. The embossing reduces the material's tensile strength compared to the base material. With increasing embossing load, longer notches are needed to drop the tensile strength of the specimen. Some general trends were noted. However, the impact of the embossing was different for different paper qualities and the embossing pattern used. The most significant difference between plates was noted in specimens with high embossing load. With increasing embossing load, the edge-notch must also be longer to reduce tensile strength. The model parameters changed more for machine direction (MD) specimens than crossmachine direction (CD) specimens. / Mjukpapper är en vanlig typ av paper som används bland annat till toalettpapper och hushållspapper. För mjukpapper finns det flera egenskaper som är viktiga för en bra produkt. Hur bra mjukpapperet kan absorbera vätska, hur mjuk det är för användaren samt mekaniska egenskaper så som drag styrka. Prägling är en operation som görs på mjukpapper för att förbättra egenskaper, till exempel mjukhet, men på bekostnad av mekaniska egenskaper. För tillfället finns det inga modeller som kan förutse förlusten i styrka på grund av präglingen. I den här rapporten beskrivs processen för att prägla mjukpapper med två olika präglings mönster i ett laboratorium klimat. Fyra olika mjukpappers kvalitéer präglades. Dragprov genomfördes på det präglade proverna med och utan kantspricka. Kantsprickans längd var som längst 12 mm. Från dragprovs resultaten tillämpades en modifierad linjärt elastisk brottmekanisk modell. Modellen fungerade bra för både icke präglat och präglat mjukpapper Parametrarna för modellen ändrades för präglade provbitar jämfört med icke präglade. Inverkan av prägling påverkades både av mjukpapperet sort och präglings mönstret som användes. Störst skillnad mellan präglingsmönster sågs vid hårt präglade provbitar. Präglade provbitar behövde längre kantsprickor för att förlora dragstyrka.

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