Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:19:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAPA-INTRODUCAO.pdf: 471295 bytes, checksum: 99f6fa2d53c1ccb1e2f39b487739efd6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Recent studies demonstrated that small quantities of nanoparticles, added to a material, are able to modify significantly its properties. In this work was studied the properties of a nanocomposite of epoxy and nanoparticles of alfa alumina or titanium oxide (2,5% wt/wt and 5 wt/wt).The aim here is to determine how much these metallic oxides are able to modify the nanocomposite s properties when compared with the neat resin. For the characterization were applied the following techniques: Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, Nanoindentation, Microhardness, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetry (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dielectric Strength. The results showed that the dielectric strength, the hardness and the Young´s modulus are significantly modified by the nanoparticles adding. / Recentes pesquisas têm demonstrado que a adição de pequenas quantidades de nanopartículas a uma matriz pode afetar significativamente suas propriedades. Neste trabalho foram estudadas as propriedades de nanocompósitos de matriz epóxi aditivadas com duas concentrações nanopartículas de alumina alfa ou óxido de titânio (2,5% m/m e 5,0%m/m). O objetivo da investigação é determinar o quanto estes óxidos metálicos podem influenciar nas propriedades do nanocompósito quando comparadas com a matriz pura. Para a caracterização foram utilizadas as seguintes técnicas: Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), Difratometria de Raio-X, Nanoindentação, Microdureza, Microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), Termogravimetria (TGA), Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC) e Rigidez Dielétrica. Os resultados indicam que a rigidez dielétrica, a dureza e o módulo de elasticidade sofrem alterações significativas com a adição de nanopartículas.

Submitted by FABIO RODRIGUES ORSETTI null (faorsetti@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-10T13:37:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Orsetti, F. 10.0 .pdf: 3909374 bytes, checksum: bec785688b506e52ae3168e3e40bbb30 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-10-11T16:51:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cruz_nc_me_bauru.pdf: 3909374 bytes, checksum: bec785688b506e52ae3168e3e40bbb30 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-11T16:51:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cruz_nc_me_bauru.pdf: 3909374 bytes, checksum: bec785688b506e52ae3168e3e40bbb30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-16 / A fotocatálise heterogênea utilizando óxido de titânio tem se mostrado promissora na degradação de poluentes orgânicos. Neste contexto, a oxidação eletrolítica assistida por plasma (do inglês, Plasma electrolytic oxidation – PEO) é um método bastante compatível por possibilitar a formação de superfícies fotocatalíticas com porosidade e com composição química controladas. Neste trabalho, a oxidação por PEO foi utilizada na geração de superfícies porosas em um substrato de titânio, usando uma solução eletrolítica contendo 5 ou 10 g/L de oxalato amoniacal de nióbio, com a finalidade de incorporar nióbio às superfícies de óxido de titânio, visando de aumentar sua atividade fotocatalítica sob luz visível. No processo de PEO foram utilizadas as tensões de 500 e 600 V, com frequência fixada em 60 Hz e tempo de tratamento variando de 60 a 600 s. As morfologias, topografias superficiais e estruturas cristalinas das amostras foram analisadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microscopia de força atômica (AFM) e difração de raios X (DRX), respectivamente. Energia dispersiva de raios X (EDS) foram empregadas para determinação de estrutura cristalina e composição química, respectivamente. O gap óptico das amostras foi determinado a partir de espectros de reflexão na região do ultravioleta visível (UV-Vis). Rugosidade foi determinada por perfilometria e um goniômetro automatizado foi usado para determinação do ângulo de contato e energia de superfície. A atividade fotocatalítica foi avaliada a partir da degradação de azul de metileno. A amostra que apresentou a melhor atividade fotocatalítica foi a produzida usando 500 V, 600 s e 10 g/L, a qual resultou na degradação de 70% de azul de metileno após 120 min sob irradiação com uma lâmpada de luz ultravioleta. / Heterogeneous photocatalysis using titanium oxide has shown to be promising in degradation of organic pollutants, reducing their toxicity and allowing them to be degraded by the environment. In this context, Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) is a very interesting method because it allows the formation of photocatalytic surfaces with controlled porosity and chemical composition. In this work, PEO oxidation was used for the generation of porous surfaces of titanium substrates, using an electrolytic solution containing 5 or 10 g / L of niobium ammonium oxalate, with the purpose of incorporating niobium to titanium oxides, aiming the enhance of its photocatalytic activity under visible light. In the PEO process, voltages of 500 and 600 V were used, with a frequency set at 60 Hz and treatment time ranging from 60 to 600 s. The samples surface morphologies; topography and crystallographic structure were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS) have been employed for crystallographic structure and chemical composition evaluations, respectively. The optical gap of the samples was determined from reflection spectra in the visible ultraviolet region (UV-Vis). Roughness was determined by profilometry and an automated goniometer was used for contact angle and surface energy measurements. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated from the degradation of methylene blue. The sample with best photocatalytic activity was produced using 500 V, 600 s and 10 g / L, which resulted in the degradation of 70% methylene blue after 120 min under irradiation with ultraviolet light.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:21:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3447802 bytes, checksum: 02d388c8470f315b5afc4d1f65e6f9b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Calcium phosphate ceramics have been investigated due their properties such as absence of toxicity and biocompatibility, enabling their use in medicine field being applied as a substitute for bone implants. However, other characteristics are required such as bioaffinity, mechanical and chemical resistances. Due to the difficulty of obtaining such properties in the pure phosphates, composites were proposed by combining the mechanical and physical properties of bio inert materials to the biological properties of bioceramics. In this work, nanocomposites of calcium phosphates and titanium oxide were synthesized, by the controlled hydrolysis of titanium tetrabutoxide in compositions between 1 and 10% in aqueous solutions of calcium chloride and ammonium phosphate. The solids were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed the incorporation of titanium oxide onto phosphate surface without loss of crystallinity and morphological changes. Evaluation of chemical stability of the nanocomposites showed that they were resistant to dissolution at pH below 6.0. The bioactivity tests showed that the nanocomposite containing 2% of titanium oxide was performed better than others / As cerâmicas de fosfato de cálcio têm sido investigadas devido as suas propriedades tais como biocompatibilidade e ausência de toxicidade, possibilitando sua utilização na área médica sendo aplicadas como substituto do tecido ósseo em implantes. No entanto, outras características são importantes tais como bioafinidade, resistência mecânica e química. Devido à dificuldade de se obter tais propriedades nos fosfatos puros, nanocompósitos foram propostos por combinarem as propriedades mecânicas e físicas dos materiais bioinertes com as propriedades biológicas das biocerâmicas. Assim neste trabalho, nanocompósitos do fosfato de cálcio monetita (CaHPO4) com dióxido de titânio foram sintetizados pela hidrólise controlada de tetrabutóxido de titânio em composições variando de 1 a 10% em soluções aquosas de cloreto de cálcio e fosfato de amônio. Os sólidos foram caracterizados por difratometria de raios-X, espectroscopia na região do infravermelho, análise termogravimétrica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados mostraram que houve uma incorporação do dióxido de titânio na superfície da monetita sem perda da cristalinidade e alteração morfológica. A avaliação da estabilidade química dos materiais mostrou que os nanocompósitos apresentaram resistência à dissolução em pH abaixo de 6,0. Os ensaios de bioatividade indicaram que o nanocompósito M2 apresentou melhor desempenho que os demais

De nos jours, les produits chimiques toxiques industriels ne sont pas toujours traités proprement, et leurs contaminants peuvent directement affecter la sécurité de l'eau potable. La photocatalyse, «une technologie verte» est une approche efficace et économique qui joue un rôle important dans la conversion de l'énergie solaire et la dégradation des polluants organiques. Ce manuscrit de thèse rapporte sur le développement des matériaux avancés (basés sur TiO2 et ZnO) susceptibles d'exploiter l'énergie solaire renouvelable pour résoudre les problèmes de pollution environnementale. Une partie de ce travail a été consacrée pour l’amélioration de l’activité photocatalytique du TiO2 sous lumière UV et visible. Par conséquent, les nanofibres composites de rGO/TiO2, BN/TiO2 et BN-Ag/TiO2 ont été élaborées en utilisant la technique d'électrofilage (electrospinning). La deuxième partie porte sur le ZnO, ainsi que les nanotubes multi co-centriques de ZnO/ZnAl2O4 et les nanotubes de ZnO dopés Al2O3 qui ont été synthétisés en combinant les deux techniques : dépôt de couche atomique (ALD) et electrospinning. Les propriétés morphologiques, structurelles et optiques de toutes les nanostructures synthétisées ont été étudiées par différentes techniques de caractérisations. Les résultats ont montré que les propriétés chimiques et physiques ont un effet très important sur les propriétés photocatalytiques des matériaux synthétisés. En outre, il a été constaté que l'effet de dopage conduit à une séparation de charge efficace dans le photocatalyseur, ce qui rend l’activité photocatalytique plus efficace. De plus, le méthyle orange et le bleu de méthylène ont été utilisés comme modèle de référence. Une amélioration significative et une stabilité à long terme de l’activité photocatalytique ont été observées avec les matériaux dopés comparés aux matériaux non-dopés sous lumière UV et visible. Des tests antibactériens contre Escherichia coli ont été également effectués; les résultats indiquent que BN-Ag/TiO2 présente à la fois des propriétés photocatalytiques intéressantes pour la dégradation des composés organiques et pour l'élimination des bactéries. / Nowadays, industrial toxic chemicals are still not properly treated and these contaminants may directly impact the safety of drinking water. Photocatalysis “a green technology” is an effective and economical approach and plays an important role in solar energy conversion and degradation of organic pollutants. This thesis manuscript reports on developing advanced materials (based on TiO2 and ZnO) being capable of exploiting renewable solar energy for solving the environmental pollution problems. A part of this work was dedicated to improve the UV and visible light TiO2 photoresponse. Therefore, rGO/TiO2, BN/TiO2 and BN-Ag/TiO2 composties nanofibers were successfully elaborated using the electrospinning technique. The second part focused on ZnO. Novel structures of ZnO/ZnAl2O4 multi co-centric nanotubes and Al2O3 doped ZnO nanotubes were designed by combining the two techniques of atomic layer deposition (ALD) and electrospinning. The morphological, structural and optical properties of all synthesized nanostructures were investigated by several characterization techniques. The results show that the chemical and physical properties have a high impact on the photocatalytic properties of the synthesized materials. Moreover, it was found that the doping effect lead to a more efficient charge separation in the photocatalyst, which is an advantage for photocatalytic activities. In addition, methyl orange and methylene blue were used as model reference. A significant enhancement and a long-term stability in the photocatalytic activity were observed with the doped materials compared to the non-doped ones under both UV and visible light. Antibacterial tests against Escherichia coli have also been performed; the results indicate that BN-Ag/TiO2 present interesting photocatalytic properties for both organic compound degradation and bacterial removal.

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This thesis describes the deposition of thin films of titanium oxide and Magnéli phases of titanium oxide by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using a novel β-ketoesterate precursor. Titanium oxide is a promising candidate for the high-k dielectric gate oxide layer for CMOS devices in microelectronic circuits. The Magnéli phases of titanium oxide are difficult to grow and stabilize, especially in the thin film form, and have useful properties. The thin film deposition of oxides by CVD/ALD requires suitable precursors, which are often metalorganic complexes. The estimation of vapour pressure using thermogravimetry is described, and employed, using an approach based on the Langmuir equation. This data is important for the evaluation of the suitability of these complexes as CVD precursors. The first chapter gives a brief introduction to the topics that will be discussed in this thesis. Part one of the thesis deals with the synthesis, characterization, and studies of the vapour pressure and partial pressures of the precursors for CVD. This part comprises of the second, third and fourth chapter. The second chapter deals with the synthesis and characterization of the various metalorganic complexes that have been synthesized and characterized to evaluate their suitability as precursors for CVD. The third chapter describes the derivation of vapour pressure of precursors for CVD and ALD, from rising temperature thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data, using the Langmuir equation. The fourth chapter deals with the determination of partial pressure of CVD precursors using data from low-pressure thermogravimetry. Part Two of the thesis reports the deposition of titanium oxide thin films by ALD, and the detailed investigation of their properties, for application as high-k dielectric materials. Chapters five, six and seven constitute this part. The fifth chapter deals with the deposition of titanium oxide thin films by ALD. Chapter six describes the electrical characterization of the thin films of titanium oxide, for applications as high-k dielectric gate oxide layers for CMOS circuits. In the seventh chapter, the deposition of Magnéli phases of titanium by ALD is described. The dielectric properties of the films are studied.

Le but du projet est d’hydrogéner l’acide succinique en phase aqueuse à 160°C, sous 150 bar d’hydrogène pour obtenir sélectivement le 1,4-butanediol (BDO) en utilisant des catalyseurs x%Re-2%Pd/TiO2. Les catalyseurs monométalliques au palladium permettent d’obtenir sélectivement le produit intermédiaire : la γ-butyrolactone et très peu de BDO est obtenu. Leur activité catalytique est fonction de la dispersion de la phase métallique. L’addition de rhénium aux catalyseurs monométalliques au palladium permet de poursuivre la réaction jusqu’à l’obtention du BDO. Nous avons d’abord essayé deux méthodes d’addition ex situ de rhénium : réduction catalytique (RC) et imprégnation successive (IS). La meilleure sélectivité en BDO obtenue jusqu’à maintenant est de 90% en présence du solide 3,4%Re-2%Pd/TiO2 préparé par IS. Quelle que soit la méthode de dépôt (RC ou IS), le rhénium dans ces solides bimétalliques est réoxydé et lixivié dans la phase aqueuse sous l’atmosphère non réductrice. Malgré la lixiviation et le redépôt du rhénium sous hydrogène, le comportement des catalyseurs bimétalliques Re-Pd/TiO2 préparés ces deux méthodes reste différent. Le dépôt in situ de Re conduit à des catalyseurs bimétalliques prometteurs : SBDO = 73% avec 2% de rhénium déposé / The aim of our research project is the hydrogenation of the succinic acid in aqueous phase at 160°C, under 150 bar hydrogen to obtain selectively 1,4-butanediol (BDO) by using x%Re- 2%Pd/TiO2 catalyst. Palladium monometallic catalysts allow us to obtain selectively the intermediate product γ-butyrolactone and very little BDO. Their catalytic activity depends on the dispersion of the metallic phase. The reaction can be extended until obtaining BDO by adding the rhenium to palladium based monometallic catalysts. Firstly, we have tried two ex situ methods to add the rhenium: catalytic reduction (CR) and successive impregnation (SI). The best selectivity to BDO is 90% with the presence of 3,4%Re-2%Pd/TiO2 prepared by IS method. Moreover, for both deposition methods, the rhenium in the bimetallic catalysts is reoxidized with air and then leached into the aqueous phase. Despite leaching and redeposition of rhenium under hydrogen pressure, the behavior of bimetallic catalysts prepared by the two methods (CR and SI) is different. In situ deposition of the rhenium leads to promising bimetallic catalysts: SBDO = 73% with 2% of rhenium

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:38:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Francisco Rigoni.pdf: 4975524 bytes, checksum: 965890549173b9947b3268dc0bc5fe6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The current technological development in the communication, has carrieb, data processing, integration of devices and entertainment, is only possible due to the advances integrated and continuos of the research on new materials to be applied in the technological industry,lighter, cheaper with better incomes. In the work it was become fulfilled synthesis and of the Titanate od calcium and has covered – pure CCTO and its doped version with different ratios of Nb+5 , by means of the method of reaction for solid state. This materials has shown interesting and pertinent physical properties to the current industry technological, as material mainly dielectric. The characterization of material obtained was made through the techniques of diffraction of X-rays (XRD), structural analysis for the Method of Rietveld, morphological and compositional characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dispersive spectroscopy X-ray (EDX), in addition to the characterization by Raman spectroscopy, and determination of the “band gap” by diffuse reflectance. The gotten, pure and doped samples had been identified as being the material of interest, proven through the described instrumental techniques previously. The gotten Values of “band gap” better present small variation, being able to be studied with use of others techniques. / O desenvolvimento tecnológico atual, na comunicação, transporte, processamento de dados, integração de aparelhos e entretenimento, só é possível graças aos avanços integrados e contínuos das pesquisas sobre novos materiais a serem aplicados na indústria tecnológica, mais leves mais baratos com melhores rendimentos. Neste trabalho realizou-se a síntese e do Titanato de cálcio e cobre – CCTO puro e sua versão dopada com diferentes proporções de Nb+5 , Poe meio do método de reação por estado sólido (RES). Esse material tem exibido propriedades físicas interessantes e pertinentes à indústria tecnológica atual, principalmente como material dielétrico. A caracterização do material obtido foi realizada através das técnicas de difração de raios X (DRX), análise estrutural pelo Método Rietveld, caracterização morfológica e composicional usando microscopia de varredura eletrônica (MEV) e espectroscopia dispersiva de raios X (EDS), bem como a caracterização por espectroscopia de RAMAN e determinação de “banb gap” por reflectância difusa. As amostras obtidas, puras e dopadas foram identificadas como sendo o material de interesse, comprovado através das técnicas instrumentais descritas anteriormente. Os Valores de “band gap” obtidos apresentam pequena variação, podendo ser melhor estudadas com uso de outras técnicas.