This dissertation aims to map the black female subject in Toni Morrison¡¦s six fictions¡XThe Bluest Eye, Sula, Song of Solomon, Tar Baby, Beloved, and Jazz¡Xby exploring the dialectic between space, which produces power, and the body, which receives or/and resists the power. Since subjectivity relies on the interrelationship among mentality, space, and social power, I use psycho-geopolitical viewpoints about space and the body, which combine Henri Lefebvre¡¦s psycho-spatial concept of ¡§abstract space¡¨ reigned by a logic of visualization and Nigel Thrift¡¦s theory of ¡§personality¡¨ and ¡§socialization¡¨ referring to the individual¡¦s constant negotiations with power relations within space. The introductory chapter presents the motivation of this study, the historical context of the fictions, literature reviews on relative issues, and finally the methodology and organization of the whole thesis. Chapter Two, by explaining the sites of power, the body as the site for articulating the power, and the ensuing strategies of resistance, elaborates how the subtitle of my dissertation¡Xspace, body, and resistance¡X would work in Morrison¡¦s works. Then in each following chapter, two novels would be discussed. In Chapter Three, ¡§Positionality and Self-Love in Beloved and Jazz,¡¨ I study how Lefebvrezian spatial abstractions, through slavery and capitalism, present black female characters a deprived or distorted mirror image and consequently deny or corrupt their positionality and self-love. They then undergo a series of Thriftian socialization by first internalizing the white discourse and the urban mores, then by unearthing and letting go the historical repressed, and finally by recovering their love for self and others in order to reconstruct their subjectivities. They thus gain a budding sense of self. In Chapter Four, ¡§The Failure of Subjectivity in The Bluest Eye and Song of Solomon,¡¨ I would examine, in terms of Lefebvre¡¦s ¡§visualization¡¨ within space, how the urban discourse in the Northern setting influences the reading of the body and subordinates the female youngsters to a capitalist and patriarchal hierarchy of power. Chapter Five, ¡§Subjectivity with-out the Community: Sula and The Tar Baby,¡¨ is an attempt to analyze the black female characters¡¦ subjectivity construction upon claiming difference from the community, which confronts spatial abstraction by the phallic power embodied in racial colonization, patriarchy, and capitalism. The heroines thus take marginality or shift locations through journeys as strategies for resistance. The final chapter is a conclusion of the whole thesis.

Toni Morrison's novel The Bluest Eye from 1970, shows how the upbringing and society's norms can affect a young girl in an African-American society, where racism and a feeling of inferiority is the standards. Pecola's wishes for blue eyes since that may make her part of a world where she has never belonged. Her wish is not only a futile attempt to be looking differently but also a wish for a better life.

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English Abstract Toni Morrison deals with the topic of community to a greater or lesser extent in all of her books. Being influenced by her own upbringing, she has always been aware of the role community plays in one's life and its influence on an individual. Community can both save you and forsake you. The nature of black community has been changing, according to Morrison, and so has her view of it. Her writing career reflects these alternations, revealing a significant change in her perspective. Looking at her first novel, The Bluest Eye, published in 1970, her third novel written seven years later, Song of Solomon, and her seventh novel, Paradise, written in 1998, this thesis traces the way her position alters throughout the years. Being opposed to both radical separatism and blind assimilation, Morrison first proposed return to traditional African values as the possible cure for the black community destroyed by the forces of capitalist society. Later in her career, however, Morrison changes her ideology and suggests as a remedy a community that does not exclude the unworthy, but is open, caring, and inclusive. By evolving from individualism to individuality, communities that will include everyone can be created.

This essay is a close reading of the novels Beloved by Toni Morrison and I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou with the purpose of analyzing the impact and role of the African American community in two characters’ formation of self. The aim is to contrast and compare the two chosen characters’ experiences with their respective African American communities and discuss common ground, similarities and differences. A postcolonial approach is applied to the analysis by using concepts and theory from Fanon’s arguments on the psychological effects on the oppressed, Cohen’s description of diaspora communities and Bhabha’s notion of hybridization and culture.

<p>The purpose of this essay is to analyze how loss affects the identity of the main characters in Toni Morrison’s Sula. An examination of the African-American community in Sula reveals a history of collective loss, both material and non-material, which limits the identity formation of the individual. This burden challenges the protagonists of the novel, Sula and Nel, as they come of age in the 1920s and continues to trouble them throughout their lives. By first defining loss and identity and then examining how loss affects identity in the community, family and individual, this paper will argue that although loss can limit the individual, it can also act as a catalyst for personal growth. Furthermore, I will show that despite the fact that Sula and Nel react differently to loss they both gain a sense of selfhood in the end.</p>

This paper deals with the novel Jazz, written by African-American writer Toni Morrison. The paper argues that the novel deconstructs itself. Also, it illustrates how the jazz music in the novel works as a deconstructing force on the characters and the narrative form. The essay begins with a chapter about deconstructive theory.  Next, there is a brief summary of jazz music – its history and features. Then, there is an analysis which focuses on how jazz music affects the characters. Last, the narrative form is investigated, for instance in terms of the narrator’s tendency to shift between various points of view. / Uppsatsen påbörjades vid Halmstad Högskola med Cecilia Björkén Nyberg som handledare, men slutfördes vid Växjö Universitet. Magisterexamen är sedan uttagen vid Högskolan i Halmstad.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 401-410). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Texas, Dec., 2007. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.