CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / A escovaÃÃo tem um papel importante na etiologia da hipersensibilidade dentinÃria. AbrasÃo pode estar relacionada a abrasivos contidos nos dentifrÃcios. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar por perfilometria mecÃnica o efeito da abrasÃo da escovaÃÃo com dentifrÃcios clareadores e convencionais na dentina radicular. Noventa espÃcimes de dentina (4 x 4 x 2mm) foram aleatoriamente divididos em cinco grupos experimentais (n=18) de acordo com os dentifrÃcios: trÃs clareadores (W1, W2, e W3) e dois convencionais (C1 e C2), produzidos por dois fabricantes distintos. Utilizando uma mÃquina de escovaÃÃo, cada espÃcime foi escovado com carga constante de 300g por 2500 ciclos (4,5 ciclos por segundo). Os dentifrÃcios foram diluÃdos na proporÃÃo de 1:3 em peso (dentifrÃcio/saliva artificial). A ponta diamantada do perfilÃmetro moveu-se em velocidade constante de 0,05mm/s com forca de 0,7mN. O valor mÃdio das leituras da abrasÃo da escovaÃÃo (&#956;m; mÃdia  desvio padrÃo) foi obtido de cinco leituras consecutivas em cada espÃcime: W1 = 8,86  1,58, W2 = 8,27  2,39, W3 = 7,59  1,04, C1 = 2,94  1,29 C2 = 2,89  1,05. Houve diferenÃa estatisticamente significante entre os grupos (ANOVA - p<0.0001). O teste de Tukey para mÃltiplas comparaÃÃes mostrou diferenÃas entre todos os dentÃfricios clareadores e os convencionais, mas nÃo entre os clareadores e os convencionais entre si. DentifrÃcios clareadores podem causar mais abrasÃo na dentina do que os convencionais. / Toothbrushing abrasion has an important role in the etiology of dentine hypersensitivity. The abrasion may be related to the abrasivity of the toothpaste. The aim of this study was to compare by mechanical profilometry the effect of toothbrushing abrasion with whitening and regular toothpastes on root dentine. Ninety dentine specimens (4x4x2 mm) were randomly divided into five experimental groups (n=18) according to the toothpaste: three whitening (W1, W2 and W3) and two regular toothpastes (C1 and C2), produced by two different manufacturers. Using a brushing machine, each specimen was brushed with constant load of 300g for 2500 cycles (4.5 cycles/second). The toothpastes were diluted at a ratio of 1:3 w/w (dentifrice/distilled water). The brush diamond tip of the profilometer moved at a constant speed of 0.05 mm/s with a force of 0.7 mN. The average reading value of brushing abrasion (&#956;m; mean  standard deviation) was obtained from five consecutive measurements of each specimen: W1 = 8.86  1.58, W2 = 8.27  2.39, W3 = 7.59  1.04, R1 = 2.94  1.29 and R2 = 2.89  1.05. There was a significant difference between groups (ANOVA - p<0.0001). Post-hoc Tukey test for multiple comparison showed differences between all the whitening toothpastes and the regular ones, but not among the whitening or the regular against each other. Whitening toothpastes can cause more dentine abrasion than the regular ones.

Orientador: Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T12:40:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ratti_Alhethea_M.pdf: 1121819 bytes, checksum: a54970b6cf563d718f1c4c3457974651 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Considerando que dentifrícios de alta concentração de flúor (F) têm sido recomendados para reversão de lesões cariosas radiculares e que inexiste um modelo in vitro de ciclagens de pH que mostre efeito dose-resposta desses dentifrícios em dentina radicular, o objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver um modelo de ciclagens de pH para avaliação do potencial anticárie de dentifrício de alta concentração de F na inibição à desmineralização de dentina radicular. Foi realizado um estudo in vitro de ciclagens de pH por meio de dois experimentos. As unidades experimentais foram blocos de dentina bovina hígida, selecionados a partir dos valores de dureza de superfície. O regime de ciclagens de pH teve duração de 10 dias, e os blocos dentais foram mantidos diariamente por 6 h na solução desmineralizante e aproximadamente 18 h na solução remineralizante a 37?C. No primeiro experimento, para validação do modelo quanto ao efeito dose resposta ao F, soluções fluoretadas nas concentrações de 0, 50, 150, 450 e 1350 ?g F/mL foram utilizadas, simulando a diluição de dentifrícios fluoretados de baixa, alta e concentração convencional de F na saliva durante a escovação. Duas vezes por dia, antes e após a imersão na solução desmineralizante, os blocos dentais foram mantidos sob agitação por 5 min em temperatura ambiente nas soluções de tratamento descritas acima. O potencial anticárie do dentifrício de alta concentração de F foi avaliado em um segundo experimento, usando o modelo testado nas mesmas condições anteriormente descritas. Blocos dentais foram aleatoriamente divididos em 4 grupos de tratamento: dentifrício não fluoretado (DNF; controle negativo) e dentifrícios fluoretados comerciais contendo 500, 1100 e 5000 ?g de F/g. Todos os dentifrícios apresentavam a mesma formulação (NaF e sílica) e foram utilizados 2 vezes por dia na forma de suspensão na proporção 1:3 (dentifrício/água purificada). No primeiro experimento, as médias e desvios-padrão dos valores de área de lesão (?S; kg/mm2 x ?m; n=15) para os grupos tratados com água purificada e soluções contendo 50, 150, 450 e 1350 ?g F/mL foram respectivamente 1320,6± 298,6a; 1022,8 ± 317,7b; 748,9± 240,9b; 466,8 ± 246,3c e 163,1 ± 117,1d kg/mm2 x ?m. Quanto à concentração de F total na dentina (F total; ?g F/cm2; n=8), foram observados valores crescentes quanto maior a concentração de F nas soluções de tratamento (17,7 ± 3,6a; 27,3 ± 3,4ab; 33,1 ± 5,7bc; 41,3 ± 8,0cd e 52,6 ± 15,2d ?g F/cm2). No segundo experimento, as médias dos valores de ?S (n=12) para os grupos tratados com DNF, 500, 1100 e 5000 ?g F/g foram respectivamente 1328,1 ± 450,9a; 761,6 ± 308,8b; 705,6 ± 243,9b e 234,2 ± 198,0c kg/mm2 x ?m. Quanto à análise de F total na dentina no 2o experimento (n=8), as médias foram 10,2 ± 2,0a; 29,4 ± 6,4b; 34,3 ± 7,5b e 49,1 ± 7,3c ?g F/cm2. Conclui-se que o modelo in vitro de ciclagens de pH desenvolvido utilizando dentina radicular bovina apresentou efeito dose-resposta ao F e também foi capaz de avaliar o potencial anticárie de dentifrício de alta concentração de F / Abstract: Considering high-F toothpaste have been recommended for reversal of root caries lesions and the lack of an in vitro model of pH-cycling showing dose-response effect for high-fluoride (F) toothpastes in root dentin, the objective of this study was to develop a pH cycling model for assessing the potential of high-F toothpaste on the inhibition of root dentin demineralization. An in vitro study using a pH-cycling regimen was conducted in two experiments. The experimental units were blocks of bovine dentin, which were selected from the surface hardness values. The pH-cycling regimen lasted for 10 days, and the dentin blocks were kept for 6 h in a demineralizing solution and approximately 18 h in a remineralizing solution at 37°C each day. In the first experiment, F solutions at the concentrations of 0, 50, 150, 450 and 1350 ?g F/mL were used to validate the model with regard to the dose-response effect to fluoride. Twice daily, before and after the immersion in the demineralizing solution, the dental blocks were kept under agitation for 5 min at room temperature in treatment solutions described above. The anti-caries potential of a high-F dentifrice was evaluated in a second experiment, using the model tested under the same conditions previously described. Dentin blocks were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups: non-fluoride toothpaste (negative control) and fluoride toothpastes containing 500, 1100 and 5000 ?g F/g. All toothpastes had the same formulation (NaF and silica) and were used twice daily as a suspension in the ratio 1:3 (dentifrice/purified water). In the first experiment, the mean values of lesion area (?S; kg/mm2 x ?m; n=15) for the groups treated with purified water and solutions containing 50, 150, 450 and 1350 mg F / mL were respectively 1320.6 ± 298.6a; 1022.8 ± 317.7b, 748.9 ± 240.9b, 466.8 ± 246.3c and 163.1 ± 117.1d kg/mm2 x ?m. For total F concentration in dentin (?g F/cm2; n=8), higher values were observed as the concentration of F in treatment solutions increased (17.4 ± 3.6a; 27.3 ± 3.4ab; 33.1 ± 5.7bc; 41.3 ± 8.0cd and 52.6 ± 15.2d ?g F/cm2). In the second experiment, the mean values of ?S (n=12) for the groups treated with non-fluoride toothpaste, 500, 1100 and 5000 ?g F/g were respectively 1328.1 ± 450.9a; 761.6 ± 308.8b; 705.6 ± 243.9b and 234.2 ± 198.0c. In the analysis of total F present in dentin (n=8) in the second experiment, the mean values were 10.2 ± 2.0a; 29.4 ± 6.4b; 34.3 ± 7.5b and 49.1 ± 7.3c. We conclude that the in vitro model developed using pH-cycling in bovine root dentine showed a dose-response effect for fluoride and was also able to assess the anticaries potential of high-fluoride toothpastes / Mestrado / Cariologia / Mestra em Odontologia

Submitted by ANA LUIZA BARBOSA JUREMA (analuiza.bj@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-26T17:25:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO REPOSITORIO.pdf: 2066196 bytes, checksum: 2caf509992729125926f76e173d3c602 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-01-30T18:39:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 jurema_alb_me_sjc.pdf: 2066196 bytes, checksum: 2caf509992729125926f76e173d3c602 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-30T18:39:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jurema_alb_me_sjc.pdf: 2066196 bytes, checksum: 2caf509992729125926f76e173d3c602 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a cor, fluorescência, e microdureza de agentes clareadores de venda livre associados ou não ao clareamento com Peróxido de Carbamida a 10% (PC10%) e comparar sua eficácia ao do clareamento caseiro com gel de PC10%. Duzentos e dez espécimes de esmalte e dentina foram obtidos a partir de incisivos bovinos e manchados em caldo de manchamento durante 14 dias. Foram randomizados em dois grupos, um deles foi clareado previamente com Peróxido de Carbamida a 10% (PC) e o outro não. Cada grupo foi subdividido em 7 subgrupos de acordo com o produto (n = 15): PC-Lis e Lis– enxaguatório clareador (Listerine Whitening); PC-AG e AG – água deionizada; PC-E e E– escovação mecânica. PC-EConv e EConv – creme dental convencional (Colgate Total Clean Mint); PC-EPerox e EPerox (Colgate Luminous White Advanced); PC-EAbras e EAbras (Oral-B 3D White Luxe); e PC-EOpt e EOpt (Close Up Diamond Attraction) – dentifrícios clareadores. O grupo clareado com PC10% foi submetido a 14 dias de ciclos diários de clareamento caseiro associado aos tratamentos com agentes de venda livre. Após isso, todos os subgrupos passaram por ciclos de escovação ou enxágue durante 12 semanas. As medidas de cor, fluorescência e microdureza foram realizadas após o manchamento, após o clareamento com PC10% e após as 12 semanas dos tratamentos com os agentes clareadores de venda livre. Os dados de cor foram analisados pelo teste de análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey de comparações múltiplas. Para fluorescência e microdureza foi utilizado o teste Tukey no grupo clareado com PC10%, e teste t-pareado para o outro grupo. Na comparação dos produtos com o PC10%, foi utilizado o teste de Dunnet. Para o grupo clareado com PC10% os resultados foram: valores do ΔEab* e Δb* foram semelhantes após o clareamento com PC10%, após 12 semanas PC-Lis e PC-AG apresentaram os menores valores de ΔEab* e PC-Lis, PC-AG e PC-E apresentaram maiores valores de Δb; A fluorescência aumentou para todos os grupos e após 12 semanas, diminuiu significativamente para PC-AG e PC-E. Para a dureza não houve diferenças estatísticas entre os subgrupos. Para o grupo não clareado com PC10%: Lis, EConv, EPerox, EOpt, e EAbras apresentaram valores negativos para Δb, mostrando eficácia clareadora significantemente maior que AG e E; após 12 semanas a microdureza do subgrupo EConv aumentou; a fluorescência aumentou para Lis, EConv, EPerox, EAbras e EOpt. Nenhum dos agentes clareadores de venda livre apresentou valores semelhantes ao clareamento com PC10%. Pode-se concluir que todos dentifrícios testados são capazes de manter o clareamento obtido pelo PC10%, já o enxaguatório não teve a mesma eficácia. Quando não associados ao clareamento com PC10% os agentes clareadores de venda livre promovem efeito clareador similar, mas não promovem o mesmo efeito do PC10%. / The aim of this study was to evaluate color change, fluorescence and microhardness of different over-the-counter (OTC) whitening products, and to compare them with 10% carbamide peroxide (10%CP) gel. Two hundreds and ten enamel-dentin specimens were obtained from bovine incisors and stained in staining broth for 14 days, then randomly divided into 2 groups, one of them was bleached with 10%CP and the other was not bleached. Each group was divided into 7 subgroups according to type of product (n = 15): PC-Lis and Lis– whitening mouth rinse (Listerine Whitening); PC-AG and AG – deionized water; PC-E and E– mechanical brushing. PC-EConv and EConv – conventional dentifrice (Colgate Total Clean Mint); PC-EPerox and EPerox (Colgate Luminous White Advanced); PC-EAbras and Eabras (Oral-B 3D White Luxe); and PC-EOpt and EOpt (Close Up Diamond Attraction) – whitening dentifrices. Bleached groups were submitted to daily cycles of at-home bleaching associated with OTC whitening products. Then, all subgroups were submitted to cycles of whitening of OTC whitening products. Color, fluorescence and microhardness were measured after staining and after bleaching with 10%CP and after 12 weeks of whitening treatment with OTC products. Color data was submitted for analysis of variance and Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons, for microhardness and fluorescence, Tukey’s test was used for bleached groups and paired t-test was used for non-bleached group. In comparison of OTC whitening agents with 10%CP bleaching was used Dunnet’s test. Results for bleached group: ΔEab* and Δb* values was similar after 10%CP bleaching; after 12 weeks PC-Lis e PC-AG presented lower values of ΔEab* and PC-Lis, PC-AG and PC-E presented lower values of Δb*; fluorescence increased for all groups after 10%CP treatment and after 12 weeks, decreased significantly for PC-AG and PC-E. For microhardness there were not statistical differences between subgroups. For non-bleached group: Lis, EConv, EPerox, EOpt, and EAbras presented negative Δb* values, showing bleaching efficacy significantly higher than AG and E. After 12 weeks EConv microhardness values was increased and fluorescence was increased for Lis, EConv, EPerox, EAbras and EOpt. None of the OTC agents presented a whitening effect similar to 10%CP. It is concluded that all dentifrices tested were able to preserve bleaching obtained with 10%CP, the mouth rinse did not present the same efficacy. When they were not associated with 10%CP, they promoted a similar whitening effect. Despite this, OTC whitening agents did not present a similar whitening effect compared to at-home bleaching with 10%CP.

Orientador: Denise Pedrini / Coorientador: Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delben / Banca: Cristiane Duque / Banca: Robson Frederico Cunha / Banca: Carla Oliveira Favretto / Banca: Mariana Emi Nagata / Resumo: Este estudo in vitro avaliou o efeito de dentifrício fluoretado (F) contendo ou não hexametafosfato de sódio (HMP) em inibir ou reparar a erosão inicial do esmalte. Blocos de esmalte bovino hígido (n=48) e desmineralizado (n=48) foram selecionados por dureza superficial inicial e submetidos a 4 grupos experimentais (12 blocos/grupo): Placebo (sem F e HMP), 1100 ppm F, 1% HMP e 1100 ppm F + 1% HMP. Para a análise do efeito protetor, os blocos de esmalte hígido foram imersos uma única vez em solução de dentifrícios com saliva humana por 2 minutos. Em seguida, os blocos foram submetidos a 4 desafios erosivos com ácido cítrico (0,75%, pH 3,5) por 1 minuto, sob agitação. A percentagem de variação da dureza superficial (%SH) foi calculada após os tratamentos e pós desafios ácidos de 1, 2, 3 e 4 minutos. Para a análise do efeito reparador, o esmalte desmineralizado foi tratado e submetido aos mesmos desafios erosivos, como descritos anteriormente. A partir de então, %SH foi calculada após a desmineralização, tratamentos e desafios ácidos de 1, 2, 3 e 4 minutos. Experimento adicional foi realizado para análise da deposição de precipitados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) em esmalte desmineralizado. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância de medidas repetidas a dois critérios, seguida pelo teste de Student-Newman-Keuls (p<0,05). Os resultados mostraram que o grupo placebo apresentou a menor capacidade de inibir e reparar a erosão do esmalte (p<0,001). A perda de ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This in vitrostudy evaluated the effect of fluoride (F) toothpaste containing or not sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP) in inhibit or repair initial enamel erosion. Sound (n=48) and demineralized (n=48) bovine enamel blocks were selected by initial surface hardness and subjected to 4 experimental groups(12 blocks/group): Placebo (without F and HMP), 1100 ppm F, 1% HMP and 1100 ppm F + 1% HMP. For the analysis of the protective effect, sound enamel were immersed in toothpaste slurry in human saliva once for 2 minutes. Hereafter, enamel blocks were submitted to 4 erosive challenges in citric acid (0.75%, pH 3.5) by 1 minute, under stirring. Percentage of surface hardness change (%SH) was calculated after treatmentsand 1, 2, 3 and 4 minutes. For the analysis of the repair effect, demineralized enamel were treated and submitted to erosive challenges as describe previously. Hereafter, %SH was calculated after demineralization, treatmentsand 1, 2, 3 and 4 minutes. Additional experimental was performed to analysis the deposition ofprecipitates by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) on demineralized enamel. Variables were submitted to two-way repeated measures analysis of variance followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test (p<0.05). The results showed that the Placebo group had the lowest capacity to inhibit and repair enamel erosion (p<0.001). Hardness loss increased during repeated acid challenges for all groups; however the effect against erosion of F/HMP toothpaste proved to be more resi... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Submitted by GIOVANNA DALPASQUALE null (gidalpasquale@hotmail.com) on 2016-03-09T22:35:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Giovanna orginal 20.02.16.pdf: 1617739 bytes, checksum: e6b4c4a1b128f5c70b099c958cbd5ddf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-10T19:54:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dalpasquale_g_me_araca.pdf: 1617739 bytes, checksum: e6b4c4a1b128f5c70b099c958cbd5ddf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-10T19:54:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dalpasquale_g_me_araca.pdf: 1617739 bytes, checksum: e6b4c4a1b128f5c70b099c958cbd5ddf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou o efeito de dentifrícios contendo 1100 ppm F associado a nanopartículas de hexametafosfato de sódio (HMPnano) sobre a desmineralização do esmalte in vitro, utilizando um modelo de ciclagem de pH. Desenho: Blocos de esmalte bovino (4 mm x 4 mm, n=72) selecionados pela dureza de superfície inicial (SHi), foram alocados em seis grupos (n=12), de acordo com os dentifrícios teste: sem flúor ou HMPnano (Placebo), 550 ppm F (550F), 1100 ppm F (1100F), 1100F acrescido de HMPnano nas concentrações de 0,25% (1100F/0,25%HMPnano), 0,5% (1100F/0,5%HMPnano), e 1,0% (1100F/1,0%HMPnano). Blocos foram tratados 2x/dia com suspensões de dentífricios e submetidos a cinco ciclagens de pH (soluções desmineralizante/remineralizante) a 37 °C. A seguir, dureza de superfície final (SHF), perda integrada de dureza de subsuperfície (ΔKHN), concentração mineral (gHAp×cm-3) e concentração de fluoreto (F) no esmalte foram determinadas. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA seguido pelo teste Student-Newman-Keuls (p < 0,001). Resultados: Dentifrício com 1100F/0,5%HMPnano levou à menor perda mineral e maior concentração mineral em relação aos demais grupos (p < 0,001), que foram de 26% (SHF) e 21% (ΔKHN) inferior e ~ 58% maior (gHAp × cm-3) quando comparado ao 1100F (p < 0,001). Foram observados valores similares de F no esmalte para todos os dentifrícios fluoretados (p > 0,001). Conclusão: A adição de 0,5%HMPnano ao dentifrício 1100F aumenta significativamente os seus efeitos anticárie quando comparado com o seu equivalente sem HMPnano. / This study evaluated the effect of toothpastes containing 1100 ppm F associated with nano-sized sodium hexametaphosphate (HMPnano) on enamel demineralization in vitro, using a pH-cycling model. Design: Bovine enamel blocks (4 mm x 4 mm, n=72) selected by the initial surface hardness (SHi) were allocated into six groups (n=12), according to the test toothpastes: without fluoride or HMPnano (Placebo), 550 ppm F (550F), 1100 ppm F (1100F), 1100F plus HMPnano at concentrations of 0.25% (1100F/0.25%HMPnano), 0.5% (1100F/0.5%HMPnano), and 1.0% (1100F/1.0%HMPnano). Blocks were treated 2x/day with slurries of toothpastes and submitted to five pH cycles (demineralizing/remineralizing solutions) at 37 °C. Next, final surface hardness (SHf), integrated loss subsurface hardness (ΔKHN), enamel mineral concentration (gHAp×cm-3 ) and enamel fluoride (F) concentration were determined. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls’ test (p < 0.001). Results: Toothpaste with 1100F/0.5%HMPnano led to the lowest mineral loss and the highest mineral concentration among all groups, which were 26% (SHf) and 21% (ΔKHN) lower and ~58% higher (gHAp×cm-3 ) when compared to 1100F (p < 0.001). Similar values of enamel F were observed for all fluoridated toothpastes (p > 0.001). Conclusion: The addition of 0.5%HMPnano to a 1100F toothpaste significantly enhances its anticaries effects when compared to its counterpart without HMPnano.

Orientador: Maria Izabel Maretti Silveira Bueno / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T19:39:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Schwab_NicolasVilczaki_M.pdf: 3711398 bytes, checksum: e20932b11edb933d211e62ceba8679a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O método de parâmetros fundamentais (PF), embora muito eficaz para a determinação elementar em fluorescência de raios X (FRX) em análise de amostras simples (como ligas e misturas de óxidos), é inviável para a quantificação em matrizes complexas, como cremes dentais. Por outro lado, ao contrário do método de PF, a quimiometria evita cálculos de coeficientes teóricos, relacionados à matriz da amostra e às características geométricas e instrumentais, permitindo ao sistema obter modelos com maior habilidade de previsão. Esse trabalho propõe uma metodologia para determinação de dióxido de titânio diretamente em pastas de dente com uso de calibração multivariada (PLS), usando como pré-tratamento das amostras em alguns casos, apenas a homogeneização e requerendo somente 5 minutos para a análise. Para construção do modelo foram analisadas 22 amostras de diversas marcas e tipos. O método proposto envolveu a utilização de espectros de FRX de pastas de dente e quimiometria, usando como valores de referência os obtidos pelo método de Parâmetros Fundamentais para as cinzas das mesmas amostras, método que requer pelo menos 8 horas para cada análise. Oito variáveis latentes foram necessárias para descrever o conjunto, tornando o modelo adequado para realizar análises diretas para as diferentes marcas encontradas no comércio brasileiro, sem que ocorra sobreajuste no modelo. Ele foi capaz de prever o teor de dióxido de titânio em amostras externas com erros de até 16% para 100 s e 9% para 700 s de irradiação; no entanto, sem diferença significativa entre os métodos, evidenciada estatisticamente pelo teste t, com 95% de confiança. Dessa forma, pode-se afirmar que a proposta é eficaz para a determinação de teores de TiO2 em matrizes complexas como as pastas de dentes, de forma rápida e com o mínimo preparo de amostra / Abstract: The direct application of a fundamental parameters method in elemental determinations using X-ray fluorescence is not feasible for complex samples, like dentifrices or toothpastes, as it is for simpler samples, like alloys or mixtures of elemental oxides. However, instead of fundamental parameters method, chemometric methods, not based on the uncertainness of theoretical coefficients related to sample matrices and of geometrical and instrumental parameters, allow obtaining models with adequate prediction abilities. This work proposes a methodology to determine titanium dioxide contents directly in toothpastes, by applying Partial Least Square Regression, having as sample pretreatment just its homogenization, when required. The analytical frequency is very high, ca. 24 samples per hour. Twenty-two toothpaste samples having different Brazilian brand names and in diverse presentations were used to build and validate the model. Direct X-ray Fluorescence toothpaste spectra and chemometrics were considered, where the reference values of their TiO2 concentrations were obtained from fundamental parameters data of the ash of the same samples, requiring 8 hours to be obtained. Eight latent variables are necessary to describe the whole sample set and the Partial Least Square Regression model be able to make direct analysis of the different samples found on the Brazilian market, without over-fitting the model. The Partial Least Square Regression model is able to predict the content of TiO2 in external samples with average errors until 16% for 100 s and 9% for 700 s of irradiation, however, no significant difference between the methods, as statistically indicated by t-test, with 95% of confidence. The advantages of the proposed approach are mainly its speed, minimum sample preparation and robustness / Mestrado / Quimica Analitica / Mestre em Química

Orientador: Jaime Aparecido Cury / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T12:48:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernandez_ConstanzaEstefany_D.pdf: 2276340 bytes, checksum: 1735521ece2fdcfcf30384ce9aabe6df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Dentifrício fluoretado (DF) de concentração convencional (1000-1500-ppm) é eficiente no controle da cárie de esmalte, entretanto seu efeito na cárie radicular pode não ser o mesmo devido à maior susceptibilidade da dentina à cárie. Essa diferença poderia ser compensada pelo uso diário de DF de maior concentração (DF-5000-ppm) ou da combinação da aplicação profissional de fluoreto (APF) com uso diário de DF-1100-ppm. Entretanto, além dessa comparação nunca ter sido pesquisada, a diferença do efeito entre esmalte e dentina tem sido pouco estudada num único experimento. Em acréscimo, o efeito de DF-5000-ppm na dentina radicular se limita a estudos do efeito da remineralização. O Capítulo 1 dessa tese descreve a validação do modelo de biofilme de Streptococcus mutans (SM) para estudar o efeito dose resposta de DF na redução da desmineralização (des-) do esmalte e dentina radicular. No Capítulo 2, foi avaliado in situ o efeito dose-resposta de DF e o efeito de DF-5000-ppm ou a combinação de APF com DF-1100-ppm na redução da des- e ativação da remineralização do esmalte e dentina radicular. No capítulo 1, biofilmes de SM foram crescidos sobre blocos de esmalte e dentina radicular, os quais foram expostos à sacarose 8x/dia e 2x/dia às soluções fluoretadas contendo 0, 150, 450 e 1350-ppm. Ao final do experimento, a concentração de F foi determinada nos biofilmes e nos blocos a dureza de superfície (DS) e F-solúvel em ácido (FAp). No capítulo 2, num desenho cruzado, duplo-cego de 4 fases de 14 dias cada, 18 sujeitos utilizaram dispositivo palatino contendo blocos hígidos e cariados de esmalte e de dentina radicular. Biofilme foi permitido ser acumulado sobre os blocos, os quais foram expostos à sacarose 8x/dia ou 3x/dia, nos blocos hígidos ou cariados, respectivamente. Os tratamentos foram: 1) Dentifrício-placebo (DP); 2) DF-1100; 3) DF-5000; 4) único pré-tratamento dos blocos com APF (gel acidulado, 12300-ppm) combinado com DF-1100 (APF+DF-1100). Dentifrícios foram usados 2x/dia. No fluido e porção sólida do biofilme foram determinadas as concentrações de F. Nos blocos a porcentagem de perda (%PDS) ou recuperação da DS (%RDS), nos substratos hígidos e cariados respectivamente, como também as áreas de lesão de cárie (?S). F-solúvel em álcali e ácido também foram determinadas nos blocos. Os resultados in vitro mostraram que o modelo apresentou efeito dose-resposta, havendo em função da concentração de F um aumento de F no biofilme e um aumento da concentração de FAp e decréscimo da %PDS nos blocos de esmalte-dentina. O efeito do F na redução da desmineralização no estudo in vitro foi menor na dentina do que o observado no esmalte. Os dados in situ mostraram efeito dose-resposta para a concentração de F nos dentifrícios (0;1100;5000) para a maioria das variáveis analisadas, à exceção do ?S para dentina-cariada. Na comparação dos tratamentos, APF+DF-1100 foi estatisticamente mais eficaz que DF-5000 reduzindo desmineralização e ativando a remineralização da dentina radicular. Os resultados dessa tese sugerem que o efeito de DF no controle de cárie de esmalte ou dentina é concentração dependente, sendo a combinação com APF mais relevante para dentina-radicular que para esmalte / Abstract: Fluoride dentifrice (FD) of conventional concentration (1,000-5,000 ppm) is efficient for enamel caries control; however, it is possible that their effect might not be the same for root-caries because dentine is more caries susceptible. This difference could be compensated by the daily use of high concentration FD (5,000 ppm-FD) or by the combination of professional fluoride application with daily use of 1,100 ppm-FD. Besides, this comparison has never been researched; the difference of effect between enamel and dentine has been scarcely evaluated in the same experiment. In addition, the effect of 5,000-FD has been focused essentially on root-caries remineralization. Chapter 1 of this thesis describes the validation of a Streptococcus mutans (SM) biofilm model to study the dose-response effect of FD in the reduction of demineralization (de-) on enamel and root-dentine. In Chapter 2, it was evaluated in situ the FD dose-response effect and the effect of FD-5000 ppm or the combination of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) application with DF-1100 ppm in the reduction of de- and activation of remineralization on enamel and root-dentine. In chapter 1, SM biofilms were grown on enamel and root-dentine slabs, and exposed 8x/day to sucrose and 2x/day to fluoridated solutions containing 0, 150, 450 and 13,50-ppm. At the end of the experiment, F-concentration in the biofilms was determined and surface hardness (SH) and acid-soluble-F (FAp) were assessed in the slabs. In chapter 2, in a cross-over and blind design of 4 phases of 14 days each, 18 subjects wore a palatine appliance containing sound and carious slabs of enamel and root-dentine. Biofilm was allowed to accumulate on the slabs and while the sound slabs were exposed to sucrose 8x/day the carious were exposed 3x/day. The treatment groups were: 1) F-placebo dentifrice (PD); 2)1,100-FD; 3) 5,000-FD; 4) slabs pre-treated with APF (F-gel, 12,300 ppm-F) combined with daily use of 1100-FD (APF+1,100-FD). Dentifrices were used 2x/day. The F concentration was determined in fluid and solid portions of the biofilm. In slabs, the percentage of SH loss (%SHL) or recovery (%RSH) was estimated in sound and carious slabs, respectively, as well as the caries lesion area (?S). Acid-soluble-F and alkali-soluble-F concentrations were also determined in the slabs. The in vitro results showed that the model presented a dose-response effect, with an increment of F concentration in the biofilm and an increment of FAp in function of F concentration of the treatments. Also, %SHL showed a reduction in enamel and dentine slabs according to the treatments. F effect on the reduction of demineralization was lower on dentine than that observed on enamel. The in situ data showed a dose-response effect to F concentration in the dentifrices (0;1,100;5,000) for most response variables, with the exception of ?S for carious-dentine. In the treatments comparison, APF+1100-FD was statistically more effective than 5000-FD at reducing demineralization and activating remineralization in root-dentine. The results from this thesis suggest that the FD effect in enamel and dentine caries control is concentration-dependent, and the combination with APF was more relevant to root-dentine that to enamel / Doutorado / Cariologia / Doutora em Odontologia

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Background: Toothpaste abrasivity is considered the major contributor in toothbrushing abrasive wear, while toothbrush stiffness can be considered a secondary factor that may modify the abrasivity of toothpaste. Objectives: To investigate the longitudinal enamel and dentin surface loss caused by the interaction between the abrasives in toothpaste and toothbrush filament stiffness. Study Hypothesis: The amount of enamel and dentin loss depends on the abrasivity of the toothpaste and the filament stiffness of toothbrush. Materials and Methods: The following experimental factors were considered: abrasive suspension, at two levels (L-low: Z113 and H-high: Z103); and toothbrushes at three levels determined by bristle stiffness (soft, medium, and hard) generating 6 testing groups (n = 8). Slabs of bovine enamel and dentin were cut, embedded in acrylic resin, and polished. UPVC tapes were placed on the surface of the specimens, leaving an area of 1 × 4 mm exposed in the center of the each enamel slab. Specimens (n = 8) were subjected to 5 d of erosion/abrasion cycling: erosion (5min, 4×/d, 0.3% citric acid, pH 3.75), abrasion (15 s, 2×/d, 45 strokes each, 150-g load, automated brushing machine), fluoride treatment (15 s with abrasion and 45 s without abrasion; 275 ppm F as NaF in abrasive slurry) with exposure to artificial saliva between erosion and abrasion (1h) and all other times (overnight). Surface loss (SL, in micrometers) was determined by optical profilometry, after the third and fifth days of cycling. Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA (alpha = 0.05). For enamel, only cycling time was found to affect surface loss with 5 d > 3 d. Overall, there was little SL (mean range: 0.76 µm to 1.85 µm). For dentin (mean SL range: 1.87 µm to 5.91 µm), significantly higher SL was found for 5 d vs. 3 d, with particularly large differences for hard toothbrush high abrasive, and medium toothbrush/low abrasive. Hard toothbrush resulted in significantly higher SL than medium toothbrush for high abrasive after 5 d, with no other significant stiffness differences. High abrasive had significantly higher SL than low abrasive overall with strong effects for all combinations, except medium stiffness after 5 d. In conclusion, the interplay between abrasivity and filament stiffness appears to be more relevant for dentin than enamel.

Objetivo: Asociar el nivel de conocimiento de los padres sobre el uso de pastas dentales con las características asociadas a la ingesta estimada de fluoruro en niños de Lima Metropolitana y Callao. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se realizó el cuestionario a 264 padres de familia residentes en Lima Metropolitana y Callao durante los meses de julio a septiembre del 2020. El cuestionario utilizado para la medición del nivel de conocimientos y características asociadas a la ingesta estimado de fluoruro fue validado y traducido al español por Mattos et al. Se calcularon las frecuencias absolutas, relativas, medias y la desviación estándar para las variables categóricas y numéricas respectivamente. Para el análisis bivariado, se utilizó la prueba de Chi cuadrado de el nivel de significancia estadística fue de <0.05. Resultados: Se encontró que existe asociación entre el nivel de conocimiento sobre el uso de pastas dentales con flúor y las características asociadas a la ingesta estimada de flúor siendo el nivel de conocimiento medio el más predominante en los padres encuestados de Lima Metropolitana y Callao. Se observa que el 52.94% de los padres, así como el 60.4l% de las madres presentan un nivel medio de conocimiento sobre el uso de pastas dentales con flúor. Conclusión: Se encontró asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre el nivel de conocimiento sobre el uso de pastas dentales con flúor y las características sociodemográficas de los padres, así como con las características asociadas a la ingesta estimada de flúor. / Objective: To determine the relationship between the parents’ knowledge on the use of toothpaste and the characteristics associated with estimated fluoride intake in children of Metropolitan Lima and Callao. Materials and Methods: Observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. The questionnaire was administered to 264 parents living in Metropolitan Lima and Callao from July to September 2020. The questionnaire used to measure the level of knowledge and characteristics associated with the estimated intake of fluoride was validated and translated into Spanish by Mattos et al. Absolute and relative frequencies, means, and standard deviation were calculated for categorical and numerical variables, respectively. For bivariate analysis, the Chi-square test was used with a statistical significance level of <0.05. Results: There is an association between the level of knowledge about the use of fluoride toothpaste and the characteristics associated with the estimated intake of fluoride, with medium level of knowledge being the highest among the parents surveyed in Metropolitan Lima and Callao, since 52.94% of fathers and 60.41% of mothers had a medium level of knowledge about the use of fluoride toothpaste. Conclusion: A statistically significant association was also found between the level of knowledge on the use of fluoride toothpaste and the sociodemographic characteristics of the parents as well as the characteristics associated with the estimated fluoride intake. / Tesis

Objective: Toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste followed by rinsing with mouthwash is a routine procedure to maintain good oral hygiene. It is unknown to what extent these rinses can modulate the effect of fluoride in its ability to prevent erosion/abrasion.The aim of this in-vitro study was to investigate and compare the impact of chlorhexidine (CHX), essential oils (EO) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) mouthrinses on erosive tooth wear protection afforded by conventional fluoride toothpastes. Materials and Methods: The following experimental factors were considered: five rinses: CHX, EO, CPC, a fluoride rinse, and deionized water, two fluoride toothpastes: stannous fluoride (SnF2) or sodium fluoride (NaF) and two models: (erosion/ erosion+abrasion). Slabs of bovine enamel and dentin were prepared and embedded in resin blocks and generated 10 enamel and dentin testing groups (n = 8). UPVC tapes were placed on the sides of each slab leaving 1mm area exposed in the center. The blocks were subjected to a five-day cycling model. Then, the blocks were placed in a brushing machine and exposed to fluoride toothpaste slurry (one side was brushed and the other wasn’t). The blocks were then exposed to rinse treatments. Artificial saliva was used to remineralize the specimens after erosions and treatment challenges, and as storage media. After the fifth day of cycling, surface loss (in micrometers) was determined by profilometer. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results: There was no interaction among the three factors (type of toothpaste, mouthrinse and abrasion or not (dentin p = 0.0520, enamel p = 0.4720). There were no significant two-way interactions as SL was only affected by toothpaste and mouthrinse. NaF caused less SL than SnF2 (4.60 vs. 5.83 μm; p < 0.0001) in dentin, whereas the opposite was found in enamel (5.20 vs. 3.56 μm; p < 0.0001). Toothbrushing abrasion caused comparatively more SL in enamel (6.53 vs. 2.23 μm; p < 0.0001) than in dentin (6.06 vs. 4.38 μm; p < 0.0001). None of the tested mouthrinses affected SL. Conclusion: Commonly used mouthrinses containing antimicrobial agents or additional fluoride, do not impair the erosion/abrasion protection afforded by fluoride toothpastes. Tested SnF2 dentifrice offered greater protection against enamel surface loss and NaF dentifrices showed more protection for the dentin surface. Clinical relevance: The understanding of the interaction between commonly used rinses and fluoride dentifrices will help dentists provide better recommendations to patients with erosive lesions.