This thesis investigates and analyzes certain significant aspects of the Centennial celebrations of 1967 as they took place in Toronto-area schools. By considering the Centennial activities involving art, travel, music and historical pageantry—those deemed most significant by educational planners—I propose to evaluate how students, and Canadians in general, were thinking and learning about Canada and its people at the time. Throughout this essay, I argue that the Centennial celebrations are crucial evidence of a developing shift in the way that Canadians conceived of national identities and a change in how students were educated about Canadian history. In particular, I will argue that the Centennial celebrations in Toronto-area schools often demonstrated the continued development of a post-imperial vision of Canada’s national character, and an approach to history education which moved beyond the traditional timeline-oriented and British nation-building narratives that dominated early-twentieth-century Canadian education.

One of the most interesting results of the collapse of the former Soviet Union is the emergence of successful cosmopolitan entrepreneurs from former Soviet republics who have immigrated to countries, such as the United States and Canada, and settled in metropolitan areas like Toronto and have made millions establishing businesses in their new host countries. I have chosen to study successful cosmopolitan entrepreneurs from the former Soviet Union because this group has immigrated from a place where the free market economy and privatization did not exist prior to the 1980s, so the important intellectual issue, is how did immigrants who grew up most of their lives in a state-controlled communist system where entrepreneurship was forbidden learn to become so adept at starting businesses in a market economy when they moved to Toronto. One of the central questions that this dissertation aims to address is: How did experiences in the former Soviet communist economy and in the transitional economy affect the role that human capital, financial capital, and social capital played in establishing businesses in Toronto. This study is based on thirty two interviews that I have conducted with two cohorts of immigrants from the former Soviet Union, those who immigrated to Toronto in the late 1970s and early 1980s and those that immigrated in the late 1980s and 1990s. To address how Russian immigrants established businesses in Toronto, I used three bodies of literature, including (1) transitional economy, (2) ethnic and class dimensions of entrepreneurship, and (3) transnationalism to examine how each of the following factors: 1) social capital, 2) financial capital, 3) human capital, and 4) home country experience, specifically experience in the former Soviet communist economy and experience in the transitional economy affected the Russian entrepreneur at each stage of business development in Toronto.

The Indigenous past is largely absent from settler representations of the history of the city of Toronto, Canada. Nineteenth and twentieth century historical chroniclers often downplayed the historic presence of the Mississaugas and their Indigenous predecessors by drawing on doctrines of terra nullius, ignoring the significance of the Toronto Purchase, and changing the city’s foundational story from the establishment of York in 1793 to the incorporation of the City of Toronto in 1834. These chroniclers usually assumed that “real Indians” and urban life were inimical. Often their representations implied that local Indigenous peoples had no significant history and thus the region had little or no history before the arrival of Europeans. Alternatively, narratives of ethical settler indigenization positioned the Indigenous past as the uncivilized starting point in a monological European theory of historical development. In many civic discourses, the city stood in for the nation as a symbol of its future, and national history stood in for the region’s local history. The national replaced ‘the Indigenous’ in an ideological process that peaked between the 1880s and the 1930s. Concurrently, the loyalist Six Nations were often represented as the only Indigenous people with ties to Torontonians, while the specific historical identity of the Mississaugas was erased. The role of both the government and local settlers in crowding the Mississaugas out of their lands on the Credit River was rationalized as a natural process, while Indigenous land claims, historical interpretations, and mnemonic forms were rarely accorded legitimacy by non-Indigenous city residents. After World War II, with new influxes of both Indigenous peoples and multicultural immigrants into the city, colonial narratives of Toronto history were increasingly challenged and replaced by multiple stories or narrative fragments. Indigenous residents created their own representations of Toronto as an Indigenous place with an Indigenous history; emphasizing continuous occupation and spiritual connections between place and ancestors. Today, contention among Indigenous groups over the fairness of the Mississauga land claim, epistemic differences between western and Indigenous conceptions of history, and ongoing settler disavowal of the impact of colonialism have precluded any simple or consensual narrative of Toronto’s past.

Le présent mémoire porte sur le retard de Montréal sur Toronto en matière de journalisme économique. Dans un contexte démographique où les Québécois sont plus endettés que jamais, ont un niveau insuffisant d'épargne et de littératie financière, ne contrôlent pas les leviers importants de leur économie, alors que l'économie planétaire est en mutation, avec la montée en puissance des pays émergents, l'information économique et financière joue plus que jamais un rôle stratégique. Malheureusement, le Québec, et plus particulièrement la région de Montréal, où se concentre l'essentiel de la richesse, des emplois de haut niveau, du pouvoir économique, de l'économie du savoir, de la recherche scientifique et des sièges sociaux des grandes entreprises, des médias, des universités et de la culture, accuse un retard important dans la qualité, la pertinence, la profondeur et même l'influence de l'information économique. Pendant qu'à Toronto, on dispose d'une presse de classe mondiale, Montréal est desservie par une presse provinciale. Le retard s'explique par un décalage sociohistorique du Québec par rapport aux questions d'argent, qui remonte à la Conquête. Malgré un rattrapage certain depuis la Révolution tranquille, ce décalage persiste et se répercute aussi sur la culture des salles de rédaction. Les médias québécois se constituent depuis peu une culture journalistique économique, qui existe depuis plusieurs générations dans des journaux comme le Globe and Mail et le National Post. L'encadrement du travail journalistique, au sein de ces quotidiens, est plus rigoureux et davantage tourné vers une notion de qualité qui est basée sur des standards plus élevés qu'au Québec, dans une volonté manifeste d'influencer les cercles du pouvoir. L'information pratiquée au Québec, qui dessert avant tout un lectorat de classe moyenne, est basée principalement sur un journalisme de vulgarisation et de couverture primaire de l'actualité. Les médias québécois, moins riches que ceux de Toronto, où se concentre le pouvoir financier et économique du pays, doivent avant tout couvrir l'actualité locale, pour plaire à des lecteurs a priori ethnocentriques et portés avant tout sur l'actualité dite "triviale". Mais un rattrapage est commencé et il est possible de concurrencer les plus grands médias de la planète avec des moyens moins imposants, pourvu que les entreprises de presse québécoises prennent un virage qualité. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Journalisme, économie, littératie financière, histoire, Québec (Province), Montréal, Toronto, médias, La Presse, Radio-Canada, Globe and Mail, National Post, qualité du journalisme, Conquête, Révolution tranquille, The Economist.

This thesis focuses on the problem of defining and designing public space in contemporary mass society. "Assembly" revaluates a cultural understanding of public space as the space of regulation, consumption and leisure, and works to find spaces of freedom, agency and action. Three iconic sites located in Toronto from three successive generations are examined: Nathan Phillips Square, the Eaton Centre and the new Dundas Square. These three sites form the primary division of the work and are respectively paired with extended critiques from three thinkers: Hannah Arendt, Jean Baudrillard, and Guy Debord. The pairings centre on Arendt's account of the "rise of the social", on Baudrillard's analysis of consumption and on Debord's dissection of the spectacle. The argument is presented in the form of an assemblage. Although the nature of this method invites each reader to construct their own meaning, this thesis grounds itself on a defined polemic. It considers public space to be marked by 1) the erosion of a clear distinction between our public and private realms, and their subsequent dissolution into the realm of the social, 2) the ideology of consumption overtaking the realm of the social, and 3) the world of the commodity replacing reality with the world of the spectacle. "Assembly" first consists of three main sections corresponding to the three sites. Each of these parts is assembled from three distinct strands: factual, theoretical and visual. The factual strand forms the main "field" of each section and is made up of selected quotations from mass media ? newspapers, public documents and websites. The theoretical strand, consisting of pointed quotations from the relevant social theorist, is threaded through the field of mass media. The visual strand comprises two elements: a postcard that marks the beginning of the section and a series of authored photographs that follows and complements the text-based assemblage. <br /><br /> Inevitably, the relationship between general social values and those of individuals is fraught. Consequently, and perhaps also inevitably, architectural design tends to reduce the manifoldness of the public realm into a homogenous and singular public space: the "whole". This thesis pursues the question of how to conciliate individual agency with collective public experience. The process and form of "Assembly" deliberately celebrates this uncertainty of design, and takes "heterogeneity" as a necessary condition of public space. That it cannot offer a comprehensive solution is, perhaps, inherent to the question.

Constructed in 1886 by Mr. John Abell, the former engine and machine works factory at 48 Abell Street is located near Queen and Dufferin Streets in Toronto, Ontario. This 100,000 square foot heavy timber and red brick building has housed approximately 80 live/work studios since the 1980’s. Recently, rapid gentrification and intensive development proposals in the West Queen West neighbourhood have threatened its existence as an authentic artistic incubator. In a series of chronicles, this thesis documents the history of John Abell and the neighbourhood surrounding his former factory from the late 19th century to present day. Woven into this narrative are the author’s own stories of living in a loft at 48 Abell Street, observing the transformation of the neighbourhood and responding to potential eviction from her home. When the community rallies to the building’s defense, 48 Abell becomes the central figure in a battle over land development with the City and real estate developers in which the key issue is the cultural value of heritage buildings and protection of live/work spaces. Research in the form of mapping and data collection shows the concentration of the arts in the area known as the Queen West Triangle has been a catalyst for gentrification. The resulting displacement of arts production space and low-income residents due to escalating land values is an unintended and sobering reality challenging the current orthodoxy of ‘creative city’ movements in North America.

This thesis focuses on the problem of defining and designing public space in contemporary mass society. "Assembly" revaluates a cultural understanding of public space as the space of regulation, consumption and leisure, and works to find spaces of freedom, agency and action. Three iconic sites located in Toronto from three successive generations are examined: Nathan Phillips Square, the Eaton Centre and the new Dundas Square. These three sites form the primary division of the work and are respectively paired with extended critiques from three thinkers: Hannah Arendt, Jean Baudrillard, and Guy Debord. The pairings centre on Arendt's account of the "rise of the social", on Baudrillard's analysis of consumption and on Debord's dissection of the spectacle. The argument is presented in the form of an assemblage. Although the nature of this method invites each reader to construct their own meaning, this thesis grounds itself on a defined polemic. It considers public space to be marked by 1) the erosion of a clear distinction between our public and private realms, and their subsequent dissolution into the realm of the social, 2) the ideology of consumption overtaking the realm of the social, and 3) the world of the commodity replacing reality with the world of the spectacle. "Assembly" first consists of three main sections corresponding to the three sites. Each of these parts is assembled from three distinct strands: factual, theoretical and visual. The factual strand forms the main "field" of each section and is made up of selected quotations from mass media ? newspapers, public documents and websites. The theoretical strand, consisting of pointed quotations from the relevant social theorist, is threaded through the field of mass media. The visual strand comprises two elements: a postcard that marks the beginning of the section and a series of authored photographs that follows and complements the text-based assemblage. <br /><br /> Inevitably, the relationship between general social values and those of individuals is fraught. Consequently, and perhaps also inevitably, architectural design tends to reduce the manifoldness of the public realm into a homogenous and singular public space: the "whole". This thesis pursues the question of how to conciliate individual agency with collective public experience. The process and form of "Assembly" deliberately celebrates this uncertainty of design, and takes "heterogeneity" as a necessary condition of public space. That it cannot offer a comprehensive solution is, perhaps, inherent to the question.

Constructed in 1886 by Mr. John Abell, the former engine and machine works factory at 48 Abell Street is located near Queen and Dufferin Streets in Toronto, Ontario. This 100,000 square foot heavy timber and red brick building has housed approximately 80 live/work studios since the 1980’s. Recently, rapid gentrification and intensive development proposals in the West Queen West neighbourhood have threatened its existence as an authentic artistic incubator. In a series of chronicles, this thesis documents the history of John Abell and the neighbourhood surrounding his former factory from the late 19th century to present day. Woven into this narrative are the author’s own stories of living in a loft at 48 Abell Street, observing the transformation of the neighbourhood and responding to potential eviction from her home. When the community rallies to the building’s defense, 48 Abell becomes the central figure in a battle over land development with the City and real estate developers in which the key issue is the cultural value of heritage buildings and protection of live/work spaces. Research in the form of mapping and data collection shows the concentration of the arts in the area known as the Queen West Triangle has been a catalyst for gentrification. The resulting displacement of arts production space and low-income residents due to escalating land values is an unintended and sobering reality challenging the current orthodoxy of ‘creative city’ movements in North America.

In contemporary North America, death is contained within a network of cemeteries, crematoria and funeral homes. Death-space and its associative funeral rituals are both sacred and abject resulting in marginalization that adversely affects how the living understand their mortality. Our perception of death influences our place in the world and funeral ritual facilitates our departure from it. In most cities, the funeral home houses this liminal ritual, while also providing the clinical handling and processing of the deceased body. Investigation of the funeral home and its role within the city addresses how architecture can influence cultural views on death. Through the funeral home there is an opportunity to balance the seemingly opposing narratives of the living and the deceased by bringing them together for the funeral. In the City of Toronto, the density of its diverse neighbourhoods is not reflected by a proportionate number of local funeral homes. This thesis proposes a non-denominational space for funeral ritual and cremation within the dense St. Lawrence Neighbourhood. The placement of the Funeral Centre satisfies the practical requirements of this growing community, while the adjacency to the St. Lawrence Market juxtaposes the vibrancy of the ordinary and the solemnity of the sacred. This proposal extends into a network for the scattering of ashes throughout the city aiming to reconnect people to the realities of their existence.

Šiame magistro baigiamajame darbe yra nagrinėjama, kaip ir kokiu mastu, struktūrinant reikalavimus pagal J.A.Zachmano karkasą ir panaudojant Toronto grupės pasiūlytą nefunkcinių reikalavimų dekomponavimo metodiką (NFR), galima bent iš dalies formalizuoti reikalavimų nuleidimą iš verslo lygmens į programų sistemos lygmenį. Darbo teorinėje darbo dalyje, remiantis atliktos mokslinės literatūros analizės rezultatais, pasiūlyta kaip pritaikyti Toronto metodiką reikalavimams nuleisti iš verslo į programų sistemos lygmenį Zachmano tipo karkasuose. Darbo eksperimentinėje dalyje šie pasiūlymai patikrinti praktiškai, atliekant konkrečios sistemos reikalavimų nuleidimą iš verslo į programų sistemos lygmenį. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad NFR metodika tinkama ne visų reikalavimų nuleidimui žemyn, nes joje yra per silpnos dinamikos modeliavimo priemonės. / The aim of the master thesis is to investigate possibilities to use the NFR (non-functional requirements) approach proposed by Toronto group to perform the flowdown of requirements from business to software level in the methodical requirements engineering frameworks that organize requirements in a way similar to the J.A. Zachman’s Enterprise Architecture. Using results of the library research, the theoretical part of the thesis proposes a methodology how to apply NRF approach to perform flow down of the higher level requirements to lower ones in cases when requirements are organized according to principles proposed by J.A. Zachman. The experimental part of the thesis is devoted to the validation of the proposed approach using a simplified banking system example. The main conclusion of the thesis is that the NFR approach is applicable only to some part of requirements because the modelling means provided by this approach are not sufficient to model the system dynamic.