Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:37:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sheila Ataide Domingues de Souza.pdf: 814984 bytes, checksum: 0abb81777fde4e410ea952c278780ffd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-31 / O trabalho concorre para a significação e a estruturação da vida material e simbólica. Seu rápido e intenso processo de transformação, em especial nas últimas três décadas, resulta em desdobramentos psicossociais para todos os sujeitos envolvidos nessa dinâmica. Os estudos dessa temática, no campo da Psicologia do Trabalho articulada com a Saúde do Trabalhador, a despeito dos recentes avanços, ainda são insuficientes no que tange ao setor serviços, e particularmente, aos servidores públicos. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetivou identificar e compreender as repercussões psicossociais das transformações do trabalho para servidores técnico-administrativos que atuam numa instituição pública federal de ensino. A pesquisa adotou uma abordagem qualitativa, e utilizou, para coleta dos dados, entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado e observação participante. A análise dos dados pautou-se no método de interpretação dos sentidos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que, paralelamente à expansão e à modernização dos serviços prestados à sociedade, os servidores públicos vêm enfrentando desafios relacionados à intensificação do trabalho, oriunda de sua complexificação e do aumento de atribuições associado à insuficiência de pessoal; à instabilidade do direito à redução da jornada de trabalho, que se flexibiliza conforme a variação do volume de trabalho; além de condições ambientais incompatíveis com os princípios institucionais de excelência na prestação de serviços. Os processos de trabalho têm demandado um significativo aumento do investimento cognitivo e afetivo dos trabalhadores, além de um manejo acurado de habilidades emocionais, gerando, em certas circunstâncias, pressões e desgastes para esses trabalhadores. O acelerado processo de mudanças tem gerado, também, reflexos para a identidade profissional dos servidores, modificações da sociabilidade no espaço de trabalho, com aumento da impessoalidade e da individualidade, redução dos espaços de convivência e fragilização dos coletivos de trabalho. Através da visibilidade dada aos processos de trabalho no serviço público, o estudo pretende contribuir para favorecer novas possibilidades de transformação da realidade, em especial naqueles aspectos que se mostram na contramão de um trabalho produtor de vida e saúde / Work abet to the signification and structuring of material and symbolic life. Its rapid and intense transformation process, especially in the last three decades, results in psychosocial outcomes for all individuals involved in this dynamic. The studies on this subject in the field of Work Psychology coordinated with Occupational Health, despite recent advances, are still lacking in regard to the service sector, and particularly, to civil servants. Thus, this study aimed to identify and understand the psychosocial effects of the transformations of work for the technical-administrative staff who work in a public federal institution of education. The research adopted a qualitative approach, and used for data collection, interviews with a semi structured script and participant observation. Data analysis was based on the method of interpretation of meaning. The results indicate that in addition to the expansion and modernization of services rendered to society, civil servants are facing challenges related to the intensification of work, derived from its increasing complexity and the increase of responsibilities associated with inadequate staffing; the instability of the right to reducing working hours, which eases according to the variation in workload; in addition to environmental conditions which are incompatible with the institutional principles of excellence in providing services. Work processes have demanded a significant increase of workers cognitive and affective investment, besides an accurate management of emotional skills, resulting in certain circumstances, in pressures and strains on these workers. The accelerated process of change has generated also consequences for the professional identity of the servers, modifications of sociability in the workspace, with an increase of impersonality and individuality, reduction of living space and weakening of collective work. Through the visibility given to work processes in the public service, the study aims to help foster new possibilities of transforming reality, especially those aspects that show themselves to be on the opposite direction of a work which engenders life and health

The academy school programme, OFSTED’s use of school performance data, and performance management and performance related pay reforms are dramatically transforming the work and employment landscape in teaching. Yet there is limited knowledge of teachers’ experiences of work in relation to this context. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the impact of these education reforms on school teachers’ working lives through a labour process perspective. A critical realist ethnography of an inner-city secondary academy school was conducted over four months. This comprised a six-week shadowing phase, document collection and 26 semi-structured interviews with Teachers, Managers, HR and Trade Union Representatives. Findings reveal that the removal of a contextual value added measure from school performance metrics leads to an increase in teachers’ workloads and an extension of their working hours. This is compounded by an unofficial erosion of teachers’ directed working time that infiltrates through the academy trust. Pressures on workload also stem from management-led initiatives generated by appraisals in leadership programmes. Furthermore, teachers’ work becomes standardised and re-organised through the heterarchical multi-academy trust model in an effort to improve the school’s OFSTED rating. Performance related pay reforms act as a parallel instigator to the standardisation of work, polarising the creative and mundane aspects of teaching across the workforce, whilst oppositional orientations to work form as the majority of teachers align with a shared sense of commitment to work. This thesis amalgamates labour process theory with the hollowing out thesis, making key theoretical, conceptual, empirical and methodological contributions, alongside practical recommendations. / Faculty of Management, Law and Social Sciences at the University of Bradford Scholarship

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:45:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Roberto de Melo Franco Junior.pdf: 631721 bytes, checksum: e6a2d407af746b73123b4cd0cca2451b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-04 / Two large sectors of the economy that are in the transitional stage of personal decisions (for administrators) for institutional decisions (based on systems). The survey was conducted as a series of structured interviews applied to all (forty) of the administrators of a given hierarchical level of an IT department of a large financial institution of São Paulo called leadership in this financial institution. The study took place during an organizational transition. A portion was already working under the personal approach and the other based on a system approach. The results were proof that administrative work has become operational and the identification of features and scope of influence of this transformation. Using the criterion of separation between administrative and operational work of Simon, it becomes possible to compare two people and say who spends more or less time with administrative activities. This criterion based on the time spent is what was used to conduct the research. It was concluded that a simple questionnaire would not be able to give valid results in terms of cognitive psychology and a lot of care would be taken even if it used an interview to have evidence of reliability and validity suggested by Stabein to a relevant work. The results were processed and analyzed from the qualitative point of view to serve the purpose of identifying the transformation of administrative work in operational work. The characteristics found were that this transformation has a behavior of imposition; the quality of the result depends on the maturity of existing processes and affects self-image of the administrator. Synthesizing the scope found in a single sentence, it becomes: "People management, process management and software management / Dois grandes setores da economia que se encontram no estágio de transição das decisões pessoais (por administradores) para decisões institucionais (baseadas em sistemas). A pesquisa foi realizada como uma série de entrevistas estruturadas, aplicadas à totalidade (quarenta) dos administradores de um dado nível hierárquico de uma área de TI de uma grande instituição financeira de São Paulo, chamada de liderança nessa instituição financeira. O estudo se deu durante uma transição organizacional. Uma parcela já trabalhava segundo a abordagem pessoal e a outra baseada em um sistema. Os resultados obtidos foram a comprovação de que o trabalho administrativo se tornou operacional e a identificação de características e escopo da influência dessa transformação. Usando o critério de separação entre trabalho administrativo e operacional de Simon, passa a ser possível comparar duas pessoas e dizer quem gasta mais ou menos tempo com atividades administrativas. Esse critério, baseado no tempo empregado, foi utilizado para a condução da pesquisa. Concluiu-se que um simples questionário não seria capaz de dar resultados válidos do ponto de vista da psicologia cognitiva e que uma série de cuidados teriam de ser tomados, mesmo quando se utilizasse uma entrevista para ter as evidências de confiabilidade e validade preconizadas por Stabein para um trabalho relevante. Os resultados foram tratados e analisados sob o ponto de vista qualitativo, para se atender ao objetivo de identificar a transformação de trabalho administrativo em operacional. As características encontradas foram que essa transformação é de natureza impositiva, que a qualidade do resultado depende da maturidade dos processos existentes e afeta a autoimagem do administrador. Sintetizando o escopo encontrado em uma única frase, ele se torna: Gestão de pessoas, gestão de processos e gestão de software

L’usage des technologies dans les organisations publiques des pays africains tels que le Gabon, traduit le désir d’innover dans le travail pour améliorer la qualité des services destinés aux usagers et pour rendre aussi plus efficace les processus de travail. La littérature fait état d’un certain nombre d’apports, mais aussi de nombreux revers que ces innovations technologiques peuvent avoir tant sur le plan organisationnel que socio-professionnel des entreprises occidentales. L’impact de ces mutations technologiques dans l’Administration publique au Gabon n’a pas encore été étudié du point de vue de la psychologie du travail et des organisations. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’appréhender l’impact des technologies sur les facteurs de qualité vie au travail (QVT) ; et sur le bien-être et la santé psychologique dans un grand établissement ministériel. Dans cette perspective, deux études (mixant des approches qualitatives d’analyse et de compréhension de l’activité et quantitatives de mesure de la QVT et du bien-être) sont réalisées : avant et après l’informatisation du Ministère sur une population de 91 cadres fonctionnaires. La première étude (T1) met en lumière la situation socioprofessionnelle et psychosociale des cadres fonctionnaires avant l’implémentation des technologies. À ce titre, les entretiens semi-directifs révèlent que les cadres fonctionnaires exercent les activités selon la nature leurs fonctions. Les observations montrent que les conditions d’organisation du travail apparaissent particulièrement rigides et hiérarchisées. La présence et la prégnance de la « culture clanique » déterminent également les modalités de collaboration et d’échange au travail ; cela se caractérise notamment par des relations de travail de type communautaire où l’appartenance ethnique et/ou régionale joue un rôle prépondérant. Par ailleurs, les analyses sur la QVT indiquent que les cadres fonctionnaires présentent un niveau de bien-être psychologique relativement faible, mais perçoivent néanmoins positivement leurs différentes situations de travail. La seconde étude (T2) présente la situation socioprofessionnelle et psychosociale des cadres fonctionnaires six mois après l’implémentation des technologies. Nos analyses montrent que l’arrivée des technologies a engendré de profondes réorganisations sur le travail, réclamant des réajustements d’ordres socioprofessionnels, collectifs (collaboration et coordination plus importantes), organisationnels (marges de manœuvre et initiatives accrues) et personnels (efficacité, réactivité et rapidité dans l’exercice des tâches administratives). Les observations soulignent que les cadres fonctionnaires, confrontés à plusieurs contradictions révélées par l’analyse de leur système d’activité, mettent en place de nouvelles modalités d’action plus souples et flexibles. Les études statistiques indiquent que les technologies influencent plutôt positivement leur bien-être psychologique. Les dispositifs affectent aussi positivement la latitude décisionnelle des cadres fonctionnaires, mais engendrent paradoxalement une demande psychologique relativement élevée. Pour autant, les cadres fonctionnaires perçoivent positivement leurs situations de travail en contexte technologique. La culture nationale (clanique) qui perdure avec l’arrivée des outils, semble jouer un rôle médiateur, voire modérateur dans l’usage et les impacts des TIC sur le bien-être psychologique et la santé au travail des cadres fonctionnaires. En définitive, ces travaux de thèse apportent les clés de réflexion et d’analyse sur les liens entre la digitalisation de l’activité administrative et les concepts QVT, de bien-être et de santé dans les organisations publiques des pays en voie de développement africains tels que le Gabon. / The use of technology in public organizations in some African countries such as Gabon reflects a desire to improve quality of service for users and to make work processes more effective. Literature presents evidences that technological innovations in Western companies bring some advantages on both organizational and socio-professional levels, but also numerous negative impacts. The impact of technological change on occupational and organizational psychology in Public Administration in Gabon has not been studied yet. This thesis seeks to understand the impact of technologies on the Work-Related Quality of Life (WRQoL) factors and on psychological health and well-being in a larger governmental department. In this perspective, two studies (involving a mix of qualitative approaches with analysis and comprehension of their occupations, and of quantitative approaches with the measurement of the QWL and well-being), based on 91 senior civil servants, have been conducted, before and after the Ministry was computerised.The first study (T1) highlights the senior civil servants’ socio-professional and psychosocial conditions prior to the implementation of new technologies. As such, semi-structured interviews show that senior civil servants do their jobs depending on the nature of their positions. Findings reveal particularly inflexible and hierarchical organisational conditions. The presence and the pregnance of the «clannish culture » also determine working arrangements and communicating, which is mainly characterized by community-based working relationships and where ethnicity and regional belonging play a major role. Furthermore, QWL survey data show a relatively low level of psychological well-being in senior civil servants even though they feel positively about their various work situations.The second study (T2) describes senior civil servants’ socio-professional and psychosocial status six months following the implementation of new technologies. Our analyses show that the introduction of new technologies has led to big changes in work organisation, such as restructuring on the socio-professional, collective (a better collaboration and coordination), organizational (enhanced flexibility and initiatives) and personal (efficiency, reactivity and rapidity in carrying out administrative tasks) levels. Findings underline that senior civil servants set up new, more flexible plans of action when facing the inconsistencies revealed by the study. Statistical studies show that new technologies have a fairly positive impact on their psychological well-being. Devices also positively affect senior civil servants’ flexibility in decision-making, but paradoxically lead to a relatively high psychological demand. Yet, senior civil servants see their working conditions as positive in the technological context. The national (clannish) culture, which persists even after the introduction of technological tools, seems to play a mediating and even moderating role in the use and the impacts of ICT (Information and Communications Technologies) on senior civil servants’ psychological well-being and occupational health.To conclude, this thesis work provides key elements of reflection and analysis on the links between digitization of administrative activity and the concepts of QWL, well-being and health in public organizations of African developing countries such as Gabon.

Die Globalisierung und digitale Transformation stellen wesentliche Treiber organisationaler Veränderungsprozesse von Unternehmen dar. Neue Möglichkeiten der Zusammenarbeit und Arbeitsgestaltung für geografisch unabhängige Arbeit innerhalb eines Unternehmens entstehen (Kock, 2008). Die COVID-19-Pandemie wirkt hierbei als Katalysator und beschleunigt die Veränderung der Art der Zusammenarbeit innerhalb von Unternehmen (Kniffin et al., 2021). Damit Unternehmen neue Arbeitsweisen, wie die kollaborative Arbeit über online Medien, erfolgreich umsetzen können, bedarf es geeigneter Instrumente zur Erfolgsbewertung und Steuerung (Möller et al., 2020). Ein geeignetes Instrument stellen Reifegradmodelle (RM) dar (Reeb et al., 2021), wobei bereits unterschiedliche Modelle zur Steuerung von online, kollaborativer Arbeit existieren (Alonso et al., 2010; Boughzala & Vreede, 2012; Su et al., 2017). ... [Aus: Einleitung]