Previous work has shown that despite the lack of oxygen limitation, transformed roots of Artemisia annua had lower biomass productivity in a nutrient mist bioreactor than in a liquid-phase bubble column reactor where the roots demonstrated metabolic signs of oxygen stress. Mathematical modeling suggested that the roots were too sparsely packed to capture mist particles efficiently and to achieve high growth rates. In this study, higher packing fractions were tested, and the growth rate increased significantly. Similarly, higher sucrose concentrations increased the growth rate. Growth kinetics for 2, 4, and 6 days showed an unexpected decrease or stationary growth rate after only 4 days for both 3% and 5% sucrose feeds. Residual media analyses indicated that carbon was not exhausted, nor were other major nutrients including phosphate. Increasing the misting frequency such that the total amount of carbon delivered from a 3% sucrose feed was equivalent to that delivered in a 5% sucrose feed showed that growth was affected by the modified cycle. These studies showed that both the concentration of carbon source and alteration of misting frequency can significantly increase growth rates of hairy roots in mist reactors.

O choque hipovolêmico foi induzido em 14 ratos machos através de sucessivos sangramentos de 3,1 ml de sangue para cada 100 g de peso. Após o período de sangrias, foi iniciado o tratamento com solução salina isotônica (7,5 % NaCl por 0,4 ml/g de peso) ou hipertônica (0,9 % NaCl por 0,4 ml/g de peso). Iniciando com o sinal basal, a aquisição de dados da pressão arterial foi feita durante todo o experimento que durou aproximadamente 30 minutos. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a variabilidade do débito cardíaco durante a indução do choque e identificar se o mecanismo de compensação de perda de volume está funcionando. A análise está focada no débito cardíaco porque ele depende linearmente do volume sistólico e da freqüência cardíaca. Um método não invasivo foi implementado para calcular o volume sistólico diretamente do sinal da pressão arterial. A análise wavelet foi usada para encontrar as freqüências principais do sinal da pressão arterial e também suas variabilidades durante cada estágio. Durante o experimento, a estabilidade do débito cardíaco era esperada, pois a freqüência cardíaca deve aumentar para compensar a perda de volume. Na maioria dos casos foi observado que a freqüência aumenta nos dois primeiros estágios, seguida de uma queda significativa. Como conseqüência o débito cardíaco diminuiu durante os estágios intermediários, mostrando que o mecanismo de compensação não estava funcionando apropriadamente. Em três casos, as freqüências aumentaram somente no estágio final. Esta anomalia sugere uma investigação mais profunda incluindo resposta ao tratamento e acompanhamento da evolução do choque / Hypovolemic shock was induced in fourteen male rats by successive bleeding. During 30 minutes, after base signal acquisition, 3.1ml of blood for each 100g of weight was collected. After this period, a treatment was initiated with isotonic saline solution (7.5 % NaCl each 0.4 ml/g of weight) or hypertonic (0.9 % NaCl each 0.4 ml/g of weight). The arterial pressure signal was captured during all the experiment. The goal of this work is to analise the variability of the cardiac debit during the induction of shock and identify whether the physiological mechanism to compensate the loss of volume is working. The analysis is focused on the cardiac debit because it depends linearly on systolic volume and cardiac frequency. A non-invasive method was implemented to calculate the systolic volume directly from the arterial pressure signal. Wavelet analysis was used to find the main frequencies and also their variability during each stage. The cardiac debit stability was expected, during experiment because the cardiac frequency must increase to compensate the lost of volume. In most cases was observed that the frequency increases in the first two stages followed by a significant decrease. As a consequence the cardiac debit decreases during the intermediate stages, showing that the compensation mechanism was not working properly. In three cases the frequencies increased only in the final stage. This anomalie suggests a deeper investigation including response to treatment and shock evolution

Very fast automatic rejection algorithms were developed recently which allow to generate random variates from large classes of unimodal distributions. They require the choice of several design points which decompose the domain of the distribution into small sub-intervals. The optimal choice of these points is an important but unsolved problem. So we present an approach that allows to characterize optimal design points in the asymptotic case (when their number tends to infinity) under mild regularity conditions. We describe a short algorithm to calculate these asymptotically optimal points in practice. Numerical experiments indicate that they are very close to optimal even when only six or seven design points are calculated. (author's abstract) / Series: Preprint Series / Department of Applied Statistics and Data Processing

A new automatic algorithm for sampling from monotone, unbounded densities is presented. The user has to provide a program to evaluate the density and its derivative and the location of the pole. Then the setup of the new algorithm constructs different hat functions for the pole region and for the tail region, respectively. For the pole region a new method is developed that uses a transformed density rejection hat function of the inverse density. As the order of the pole is calculated in the setup, conditions that guarantee the correctness of the constructed hat functions are provided. Numerical experiments indicate that the new algorithm works correctly and moderately fast for many different unbounded densities. The proposed algorithm is the first black-box method that works for unbounded densities suggested in the literature. (author's abstract) / Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics

Untersuchungen zu standortunabhängigen Eigenschaften des Wachstums für verschiedene Baumarten unter Verwendung einer Polynommethode und mit Hilfe des Evolonmodells.

Electronic Structure Theory has led to a variety of developments and applications. In the Nooijen group the focus is on the development and use of Coupled Cluster based approaches. Coupled Cluster is a very strong and accurate approach to the quantum mechanical problem. The research results presented in the thesis testify to the Similarity Transformed Equation of Motion Coupled Cluster (STEOM-CC) for being a very accurate and yet computationally inexpensive approach for excited states. This study reveals new features about STEOM and provides promise regarding future improvement in the methodology. STEOM can be used as the first step in the construction of the Vibronic model, which is a strong tool to move to paradigms beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Spin-Orbit Coupling (SOC) is a very important ingredient required to study relativistic phenomena and its quantum mechanical implementation for many body systems is not straightforward. The most widely used SOC operator in Chemical Physics is the Breit-Pauli operator, which requires employing non-trivial approximations to the Dirac equation to adapt the theory to many body systems. The integration of electronic structure approaches, Vibronic Coupling, and SOC is essential to study the phenomenon of intersystem crossing (transition between spin states) in fine detail. In this thesis a computational benchmark of STEOM is discussed, while the frameworks of Vibronic Coupling and Spin-Orbit Coupling (SOC) are considered on a theoretical level.

A new algorithm for sampling from largely abitrary monotone, unbounded densities is presented. The user has to provide a program to evaluate the density and its derivative and the location of the pole. Then the setup of the new algorithm constructs different hat functions for the pole region and for the tail region, respectively. For the pole region a new method is developed that uses a transformed density rejection hat function of the inverse density. As the order of the pole is calculated in the setup, conditions that guarantee the correctness of the constructed hat functions are provided. Numerical experiments indicate that the new algorithm works correctly and moderately fast for many different unbounded densities. (c) ACM, (2007). This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. (author's abstract) / Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics

Resumo: Várias características são avaliadas por meio de escores visuais nos programas de avaliação genética no Brasil. Os sistemas de atribuição dos escores variam quanto ao número de classes de notas, ao referencial adotado para atribuição das notas e à frequência das notas nas diferentes classes e ao modelo empregado na análise dos dados. O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar o impacto de diferentes escalas de atribuição dos escores, modelos de análise dos dados e sua interação na identificação dos genótipos superiores para essas características, por meio de dados simulados. Foram simulados dados de uma característica contínua na escala subjacente, transformados em valores (1 a 6) na escala discreta observada, com diferentes escalas (relativa uniforme, relativa normal, relativa assimétrica e fixa), dois valores de herdabilidade (0,25 e 0,49) e duas variâncias de grupos de contemporâneos (0,25 e 1,00). Estimaram-se os valores genéticos utilizando modelos de limiar, linear e linear após transformação dos dados. Análises com modelo de limiar e notas com escala relativa normal apresentaram melhores acurácias para a predição dos valores genéticos. A utilização do modelo de limiar incrementa a acurácia das estimativas, mas em razão da demanda computacional e de problemas de implementação, o modelo linear pode ser empregado na análise de dados categóricos avaliados sob escala relativa normal com seis classes. A transformação de dados proposta foi eficiente em algumas situações, podendo ser considerada como alternativa ao modelo linear, dependendo da estrutura dos dados / Abstract: Genetic improvement programs in Brazil involve the monitoring of many traits that are evaluated by means of visual scores. The systems used to evaluate animals vary in terms of the number of classes, the referential from which the scores are given, the distribution of observations in score classes and the model used to analyze the data. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different scales of score evaluation, models of analysis and their interactions on the identification of superior genotypes for visual scores, by means of a simulation study. Data of a continuous trait were simulated in a subjacent scale and then transformed into a discrete trait (1 to 6) in the observable scale, with different scale distributions (uniform relative, normal relative, asymmetric relative and fixed), two heritabilities (0.25 and 0.49) and two contemporary group variances (0.25 and 1.00). Breeding values were estimated using threshold model, linear model and linear model after data transformation. The threshold model and the relative normal scale showed better accuracy for the prediction of breeding values. The use of a threshold model can lead to an increase in the estimates' accuracy, but despite the computational demand and implementation issues, the linear model can be used to analyze discrete data assigned under a normal relative scale with six score classes. The proposed data transformation was effective for some situations and depending on the data structure it should be considered as an alternative option instead of linear model / Orientador: Maurício Mello de Alencar / Coorientador: Roberto Augusto de Almeida Torres Junior / Banca: Gerson Barreto Mourão / Banca: Elias Nunes Martins / Banca: Danísio Prado Munari / Banca: Henrique Nunes de Oliveira / Doutor

There exists a vast literature on nonuniform random variate generators. Most of these generators are especially designed for a particular distribution. However in pratice only a few of these are available to practioners. Moreover for problems as (e.g.) sampling from the truncated normal distribution or sampling from fairly uncommon distributions there are often no algorithms available. In the last decade so called universal methods have been developed for these cases. The resulting algorithms are fast and have properties that make them attractive even for standard distributions. In this contribution we describe the concept of Automatic random variate generation where these methods are used to produce a single piece of code in a high level programming language. Using a web-based front-end to such a program this is an easy-to-use source for researchers and programmers for high quality generators for a large class of distributions. Using our UNURAN library we have implemented such a system, which is accessable at <a href="http://statistik.wu-wien.ac.at/anuran" target="_blank">http://statistik.wu-wien.ac.at/anuran</a>. / Series: Preprint Series / Department of Applied Statistics and Data Processing

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:23:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barichello_f_dr_jabo.pdf: 1033799 bytes, checksum: 08bf62db5d519c571db9c5f4ce82c5b8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Várias características são avaliadas por meio de escores visuais nos programas de avaliação genética no Brasil. Os sistemas de atribuição dos escores variam quanto ao número de classes de notas, ao referencial adotado para atribuição das notas e à frequência das notas nas diferentes classes e ao modelo empregado na análise dos dados. O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar o impacto de diferentes escalas de atribuição dos escores, modelos de análise dos dados e sua interação na identificação dos genótipos superiores para essas características, por meio de dados simulados. Foram simulados dados de uma característica contínua na escala subjacente, transformados em valores (1 a 6) na escala discreta observada, com diferentes escalas (relativa uniforme, relativa normal, relativa assimétrica e fixa), dois valores de herdabilidade (0,25 e 0,49) e duas variâncias de grupos de contemporâneos (0,25 e 1,00). Estimaram-se os valores genéticos utilizando modelos de limiar, linear e linear após transformação dos dados. Análises com modelo de limiar e notas com escala relativa normal apresentaram melhores acurácias para a predição dos valores genéticos. A utilização do modelo de limiar incrementa a acurácia das estimativas, mas em razão da demanda computacional e de problemas de implementação, o modelo linear pode ser empregado na análise de dados categóricos avaliados sob escala relativa normal com seis classes. A transformação de dados proposta foi eficiente em algumas situações, podendo ser considerada como alternativa ao modelo linear, dependendo da estrutura dos dados / Genetic improvement programs in Brazil involve the monitoring of many traits that are evaluated by means of visual scores. The systems used to evaluate animals vary in terms of the number of classes, the referential from which the scores are given, the distribution of observations in score classes and the model used to analyze the data. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different scales of score evaluation, models of analysis and their interactions on the identification of superior genotypes for visual scores, by means of a simulation study. Data of a continuous trait were simulated in a subjacent scale and then transformed into a discrete trait (1 to 6) in the observable scale, with different scale distributions (uniform relative, normal relative, asymmetric relative and fixed), two heritabilities (0.25 and 0.49) and two contemporary group variances (0.25 and 1.00). Breeding values were estimated using threshold model, linear model and linear model after data transformation. The threshold model and the relative normal scale showed better accuracy for the prediction of breeding values. The use of a threshold model can lead to an increase in the estimates’ accuracy, but despite the computational demand and implementation issues, the linear model can be used to analyze discrete data assigned under a normal relative scale with six score classes. The proposed data transformation was effective for some situations and depending on the data structure it should be considered as an alternative option instead of linear model