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In this study, I have investigated the effects of station-near development in Kumla to smaller urban areas with sustainable transport. To be able to promote sustainable means of transport and station development in smaller municipalities and urban areas. Transport is mostly done by car and replacing the need for transport with other sustainable modes of transport can be problematic in the smaller towns if it’s not properly encouraged. As similar research has previously been conducted in larger towns, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the station’s proximity in Kumla to smaller towns and encourage sustainable transport to the station from the urban areas. The method for the investigation is a smaller inductive case study that’s applied qualitatively and scenario-work that Kumla municipality has participated in. The strategy Transit-Oriented Development has been used as a point of departure for the scenario work and as a theoretical framework to discuss the results. The result show a current situation analysis and a destination analysis based on the existing environment in the municipality. The result also show the municipality's work with building scenarios, which were then analyzed in a multi-criteria-analysis based on Transit-Oriented Development. Based on these analyses, Kumla Municipality is well placed to develop its objectives and strategies. Transit-Oriented Development is a good guide for Kumla Municipality to develop near-station within the scope of the strategy with sustainable transport. It is also something that can be extended and further used in the routes between the towns based on the winning scenario. / I denna studie har jag undersökt de effekterna med stationsnära utveckling i Kumla till mindre tätorter med hållbara transporter. För att kunna främja hållbara transportmedel och stationsutveckling i mindre kommuner och tätorter. Transporterna sker för det mesta med bil och ersätta transportbehovet med andra hållbara trafikslag kan vara problematisk i de mindre orterna om det inte främjas ordentligt. Då motsvarande forskning har tidigare genomförts i större orter, syftet i denna studie är att undersöka effekten av stationens närhet i Kumla till mindre orter, samt främja kopplingen med hållbara transporter till stationen från tätorterna. Metoden till studien är en mindre induktiv fallstudie som är tillämpad kvalitativt och scenarioarbete som Kumla kommun har deltagit i. Strategin Transit-Oriented Development har använts som en teori i scenarioarbetet och för att diskutera resultatet. Resultatet visar en nulägesanalys och en resmålsanalys utifrån den befintliga miljön i kommunen. Resultatet visar även kommunens arbete med scenariomatrisen, som sedan analyserades och utvärderades i en multikriterieanalys utifrån Transit-Oriented Development. De förutsättningarna utifrån analyserna har Kumla kommun goda förutsättningar att utveckla dess mål och strategier. Transit-Oriented Development en bra vägledning för Kumla kommun att utveckla stationsnära utveckling inom strategins räckvidd med hållbara transporter. Det är även något som kan utvidgas och användas vidare i stråken mellan orterna utifrån det vinnande scenariot.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Development Planning, 2016 / Over the last decade national, provincial and local governments within South Africa have paid considerable attention to the benefits and need for an effective and reliable public transport system to meet the social challenges facing South African cities. The development of public transport systems is viewed as a tool to alleviate poverty and unemployment, as they provide access to opportunities and services previously out of reach. In Johannesburg the Spatial disparities created during the apartheid era continue to divide the city along the lines of class and race, and serve to marginalise low income groups located on the periphery, far from economic centres. Over the last 10 years urban and economic growth in the west of Johannesburg has occurred at a rapid rate giving rise to numerous informal settlements and government subsidised homes. These developments occurred without the development of public transport systems isolating low income residents. This study seeks to examine the extent to which public transportation systems are responding to the growth of new urban and economic nodes in Johannesburg in a manner that supports the interests and needs of the city’s low income residents. The study investigates the cases of the Gautrain and Rea Vaya. The study evaluates the systems through an analysis of the state’s public transportation plans and policies and the challenges and successes of each system, taking into account what are the state’s current and future public transport plans and how are they responding to urban and economic growth in the west of Johannesburg. Through the use of spatial data, the study examines the spatial and economic trends in Johannesburg, the location of the urban poor and the effects of changes in commuter patterns. The study takes into account current and future urban and economic trends and examines the way in which public transport systems can make a positive impact upon the urban poor. This evaluation is done through an analysis of international literature and best practices that can be used in the development of public transport systems that are responsive, effective and reliable. Key respondents were interviewed to examine the impediments facing the development of responsive public transport systems and how this affects low income commuters in Johannesburg. Through the use of numerous forms of data including maps, policy documents and key respondent interviews, study reveals that future transport developments see the Gautrain and the Rea Vaya expanding to the west of Johannesburg. These developments will only occur in the late future, leaving low income residents without a formal means of public transport for many years to come. Low income residents within these regions lack the means to access opportunities and services. Research into the phenomenon reveals that in order to address the challenges faced by the urban poor in the west a more dynamic and integrated approach is required in the development of public transport systems in Johannesburg. These findings provide a critical understanding the development of public transport systems and the impediments that restrict the responsiveness of public transportation development in Johannesburg. / MT2017

Rooted in the theories of urban entrepreneurialism, this dissertation employs a political economy framework as a means of analyzing urban governance and economic development in the contemporary US city. This case study of Orlando adds to our understanding of how entrepreneurial narratives are being applied to transportation infrastructure projects in pursuit of local economic development. The empirical case study explores the relationship between planning narratives, urban governance and economic development in the establishment of the SunRail commuter rail system in central Florida. I present the political history of economic development and the role of local boosters in shaping the sociospatial distribution of urban infrastructure and public investment in Central Florida. Utilizing a qualitative research methodology, the case study is based on a series of extended interviews with transportation planners, urban policymakers and community leaders in the Orlando area. The empirical data was complemented with official documents and archival records concerning the planning of transit-oriented developments along the SunRail system. This research presents the current efforts of Central Florida boosters to apply governance approaches to reshape the urban form and to direct the ensuing flows of capital investment through the restructuring of the region’s transportation infrastructure and employing planning narratives that draw heavily on creating amenity growth strategies. Local boosters expect that by providing dense development corridors through the region, including transit-oriented development centers, the city will have met the pre-conditions for attracting private capital investment. Specifically, local leaders are seeking to attract investment by the type of firms that will provide high-wage jobs to the region to balance the glut of low-wage service sectors jobs found in the region’s theme park industry. In the case of Central Florida, early private investment in SunRail adjacent property has come from local firms that tend to have a high level of local fixity and existing investments in the Orlando market.