Collaborative translation is one of the most practiced modes of intercultural communication in Late Qing as in the general history of China. While collaborative translation, as its prevalence suggests, is expected to have a direct and significant bearing on the way a translation is produced, little attention has been paid to the understanding of its nature, not least its influence on the shaping of translation products. The present study endeavors to explore collaborative translation with three specimens of acclaimed Late Qing translation. It will show that these translations, produced collaboratively by teams of Western and Chinese translator, are instilled with a fusion of the collaborator’s horizons, thus rendered as a hybrid monstrous both to the source and the target cultures. The first part of this thesis establishes the conceptual paradigm from which a probe into the general practices of Late Qing collaborative translation derives. It argues that collaborative translation, which generally operates as a cooperation between a bilingual foreign translator and a monolingual local translator, allows considerable latitude for the local translator to participate in the transference and building of exotic knowledge, bringing about hybridity to the translation products. Resting upon the premise of hybridity, the second part of this thesis conducts close analyses of the selected translations on medicine, mathematics and chemistry, namely Quanti Xinlun, Daiweiji Shiji and Huaxue Jianyuan. By reconstructing the actual manner of operation through which these translations were produced, and by examining how certain fundamental concepts of modern Western sciences were rendered into Chinese, this part forms a critical study of the agency of the Chinese translator, who, as will be shown, selectively interprets and reshapes the body of knowledge to be transmitted in a direction presumably unintended by his Western counterpart, thereby creating a hybrid materialized as a blend of horizons between the two collaborators, and in consequence a new entity of scientific concepts different from those in the West and in China. The purpose of this study, that is to say, is to explore the agency of translators in the act of translation by positing collaborative translation as a site of observation, where cultural entanglement is both theoretically and empirically conspicuous. It is hoped that this study will on one hand foster our understanding of collaborative translation in Late Qing, and on the other, reveal further the agency of translators in intercultural communication. / published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Literary and Cultural Studies / Master / Master of Arts

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of English

Translation studies in Hong Kong have been focusing mainly on the literary aspect of the discipline. Although huge amounts of bilingual texts are churned out every year from virtually every government and quasi-government department and other institution, these products of translation, as well as the work processes involved, do not receive due attention of the academia for research purposes. Studies on translation of this type and nature may have largely been ignored. To promote academic studies in this field, this thesis attempts to establish Public Administration Translation as a genre which bears distinctive features and a production process of its own, although the linguistic features of this genre do not form part of the present study and are left for future exploration. To achieve this goal, a general history of Public Administration Translation in Hong Kong with regard to various grades of Public Administration Translation service providers has been compiled to track the development of these grades, as well as the relations among them. With a view to putting Hong Kong’s Public Administration Translation in a sociolinguistic perspective, a sociolinguistic framework regarding societal multilingualism types with reference to territorial monolingualism, bilingualism and trilingualism, as well as diglossia and triglossia, is proposed for discussing Hong Kong’s Public Administration Translation and its service providers. After detailed analysis and discussion, it is suggested that Hong Kong’s sociolinguistic situation has always been evolving in response to its political and demographic development, and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region seems to be moving towards a society of biliteracy (i.e. Standard Written Chinese and written English) and trilingualism (i.e. Cantonese, spoken English and Putonghua) while Hong Kong’s Public Administration Translation keeps reacting accordingly to the changes in the sociolinguistic situation of the community. / published_or_final_version / Chinese / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

本論文以Gulliver’s Travels晚清時期的中譯本《海外軒渠錄》（1906）為研究對象，探討譯者對原文諷刺手法的翻譯策略。Gulliver’s Travels 是西方諷刺（satire）文學經典之作，主要通過「敘事角色」（persona）以及「想像遊記」（imaginary voyage）的手法取得諷刺效果。晚清時期中西文學傳統殊異，想要在中文語境中再現原文的諷刺特點，並非易事。本論文通過具體的文本對比和分析發現，由於中國文學傳統以及晚清翻譯規範的影響，譯者在翻譯過程中改寫原文，因此《海外軒渠錄》未能體現Gulliver’s Travels的諷刺手法，而譯文也從一個側面展示出中西文學相互碰撞、對話的過程。本研究希望藉此個案，從文學表現以及文學交流的角度再論晚清小說翻譯。 / This thesis examines one late Qing Chinese translation of Gulliver’s Travels in 1906, namely Haiwai Xuanqulu 海外軒渠錄. The study focuses on how the literary devices of satire employed in the original text were rendered into Chinese by the late Qing translators. These devices include a narrative "persona" and the "imaginary voyage" structure. It is a challenging task for the translator to fully render these literary techniques into Chinese in late Qing period when the Western and Chinese literatures were remarkably different. Through detailed text comparison and analysis, we find that, influenced by Chinese literature tradition and late Qing translation practice, the translators made changes in translation in a way that the original satirical effect was not retained in the translated work. The translation also reflects in some degree the clash and dialogue between Western and Chinese literatures. This thesis aims to explore late Qing fiction translation from the perspective of literary transmission. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 季凌婕. / Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-93). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Ji Lingjie.

盛思維. / 論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院翻譯學部, 1996. / 參考文献 : leaves 133-143. / Sheng Siwei. / Chapter 第一章： --- 引言 --- p.1 / 多系統理論（Polysystem Theory ) --- p.2 / 描述式研究方法(Descriptive Translation Studies ) --- p.5 / Chapter 第二章： --- 本地化翻譯劇在目標文化系統内的位置 --- p.10 / 《王子復仇記》、(Hamlet)、 --- p.11 / 《元宵》（Twelfth Night ) --- p.15 / 《禧春酒店》(L'Ho tel du Libre-Echange) --- p.18 / 《美人如玉劍如虹》(Cyrano de Bergerac ) --- p.21 / "《撞板風流》》(Move Over, Mrs Markham )" --- p.24 / Chapter 第三章： --- “解決方法+問題´ح 一一譯文與原文的轉移 本地化翻譯劇的翻譯策略 --- p.28 / 删減 --- p.29 / 換例 --- p.34 / 增補 --- p.47 / 從譯文與原文的轉移關係看香港翻譯劇本地化的趨勢 --- p.56 / Chapter 第四章： --- 本地化翻譯劇與原文的等值關係 --- p.65 / 故事 --- p.69 / 語言 --- p.77 / 從本地化翻譯劇與原文的等值關係看典型的本地化翻譯劇 --- p.80 / 從描述式翻譯研究到翻譯理論 --- p.88 / Chapter 第五章： --- 本地化翻譯劇的成因 --- p.91 / 翻譯規範（Translation Norms ) --- p.91 / 香港話劇系统 --- p.96 / 殖民統治與香港話劇 --- p.102 / 文化身份與後殖民理論 --- p.106 / 香港文學與大眾文化 --- p.111 / Chapter 第六章： --- 結論´Ø多系統理論與目標取向翻譯研究的再思 --- p.118 / 多系統理論的再思 --- p.119 / 目標取向與描述式翻譯研究的再思 --- p.126 / 再談香港本地化翻譯劇的特點 --- p.127 / 科際整合 --- p.130 / 參考書目 --- p.133

Child-oriented Chinese indigenous children's literature was created with the translation of western children's works and theories on children's literature. The study on translated children's literature in China is significant not only to the research on Chinese children's literature, but also to Chinese translation history. At present the study on translated children's literature both at home and abroad occupies a marginalized position. Particularly in China, the limited research that has been done on the subject is of poor quality. / Key words. Translation Studies; translated children's literature; poetics; patronage; linguistic elements; personality; influence study; reception. / This dissertation combines the methods taken from Descriptive Translation Studies, children's literature research and Comparative Literature to describe and analyze the production, reception and influence of translated children's literature in China during the period of 1898-1949. Based on two catalogues compiled by the author of this dissertation, namely, A Catalogue of Translated Children's Literature During 1898-1919 and A Catalogue of Translated Children's Books During 1911-1949, the dissertation describes a picture of translated children's literature in China during the period of 1898-1949. The production of translated children's work is analyzed from four perspectives: poetics, patronage, linguistic elements and personality of translators. The reception part, based on the reception models by Yves Chevrel, takes Curoe translated by XIA Mianzun, The Watch translated by LU Xun, and "Translated Russian Children's Literature in China" as three case studies to examine the reception of translated children's literature in the Chinese context. The influence part adopts the methodology of chronology and doxologie to prove and conduct the detailed aspects of the influence of translated children's literature upon indigenous Chinese children's literature from three aspects: techniques, content and image. The dissertation ends with an outlook for future research on translated children's literature in China. / 李麗. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(p. 222-238). / Adviser: Chee Fun Fong. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-02, Section: A, page: 0562. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Can kao wen xian (p. 222-238). / Li Li.

published_or_final_version / Law / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

"November, 1994" / Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, School of English & Linguistics, 1995. / Bibliography: leaves 199-212. / Introduction -- Bilingual editing of magazines -- Bilingual editing of magazines in Hong Kong -- Survey and interviews -- Grammatical bases for textual analysis -- Textual analysis -- Discussion and conclusion. / In cross-cultural or intercultural encounters of the modern age, mass communication has become a daily feature of our technological civilisation, and mass media have facilitated effective international information flow. Bilingual editing becomes an important medium of mass communication. The effectiveness of such communication rests upon the grammatical, lexical, sociolinguistic, socio-cultural, discourse and strategic competence of participants (editors, writers, translators and readers). It rests upon their ability to creatively use and to sensitively respond to language. In this dynamic process of communication, a bilingual editor not only plays the role of translator but also acts as a mediator; as Hatim and Mason (1990:223) suggest, s/he "has not only a bilingual ability but also a bi-cultural vision". -- In view of the diversity of usage of bilingual editing in the media, this research delves into the role of translation from English to Chinese in the bilingual editing of magazines in Hong Kong. This area is of interest for four reasons: first, since the press medium engages most translation practitioners, a study in this area may help future practitioners to have a better understanding of this science and art and its practice; second, text types are highly diverse, allowing room for discussion of translation devices; third, Hong Kong is a typical meeting place of the East and West and bilingual editing serves as a tool of information flow; fourth, the rising status of Chinese in Hong Kong approaching 1997 will enhance the role of bilingual editing. -- The study focuses on translation only from English and Chinese, or vice versa. In as much as there is very little academic attention to bilingual editing and its nature, processes and techniques, or to the role of translation in bilingual editing, it is believed that this research will help facilitate cross-cultural communication between Westerners and Chinese. -- The objective of this study is to derive new insights into the translation process with the support of contemporary approaches, and to descant on different lexical, grammatical and cultural features between English and Chinese; and most important, to elicit from the above features a set of parameters which may promote consistency and precision in the discussion of translating articles of the abovementioned press medium. -- Editors and theorists agree that an understanding of the source language text is essential. To review the basis for understanding the source language correctly, a text analysis of an English text and its Chinese translation will be performed. This analysis will take a functional approach which is based on Halliday's model of analysing the functional grammar of English. The first concern is with the analysis of clause complexes. The thinking behind this concern is influenced by Bell's approach to the clause. Such a functional approach is applied to the Chinese text. This does not' mean a complete application of Halliday's functional model to the Chinese language, but the functional approach will be used as a tool to reveal the relationship between the two languages as well as to analyse the source language. -- Case studies developed from the textual analysis of different types of magazines and from discussions with the translators or bilingual editors about their views of the translating process will be presented. Samples of articles illustrating the difficulties and challenges are also cited. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / viii, 212 [28] leaves ill

This paper concentrates on the discussion of the relationship between 1930s Chinese modern writer Shi Zhecun and "translated modernity." The basic assumption behind this paper is that the work of fiction by Shi Zhecun is a kind of translingual practice, which is inextricably bound up with translation. It is through such a broad sense of translational activity that Shi Zhecun began his pursuit of modernity and finally obtained a kind of modernity different from the Western, the translated modernity. Looking from the perspective of translingual practice, the fictional work by Shi Zhecun is never an isolated mental work, but the consequence of cultural exchange and vigorous bombardment between Chinese and Western literature. On one hand, his fiction fails to stand outside of the progress of modernity in China, while his work is also deeply embedded in the network of Western literature on the other hand. By mean of a series of mimicry, appropriation and rewriting, he translates text from various times, spaces and media into his own work. In the fiction by Shi Zhecun, we may see the process of how foreign literature and other cultural factors rise, circulate and eventually gain legitimacy in the 1930s China. At the same time, we can also know of how they have changed the observation and conception of modern Chinese writers towards literature and the outer world. Therefore, not only does fiction by Shi Zhecun comprise the modernity experience of Shanghai, a metropolitan city in the 1930s, to synchronize with the world, but they also record responses and changes of modern Chinese fiction in the face of the progress of modernism. / This paper is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is an introduction, which briefly introduces the background of investigation of Shi Zhecun's fiction and expounds the theoretical framework of "translated modernity". Chapter two to six are the core part of this paper. By introducing related literary and cultural theories, they serve to probe into fiction by Shi Zhecun. Chapter two draws an outline of historical materials and observes the frequent mimicry and rewriting phenomena on his early work with regard to his fictional work and translational activities, in order to grasp how he transplants forms and techniques from the Western fiction into the Chinese situation. Chapter three deepens discussion on the previous chapter and examines how Shi Zhecun employs western psychoanalytic method and narrative mechanism in his "old stories retold" to construct the interiority unique to modern fiction. Chapter four intervenes from the viewpoint of technologized visuality to analyze the relationship between psychoanalytic fiction by Shi Zhecun and modern visual text. Through the discussion of mode of space in fiction, chapter five looks at how Shi Zhecun's fiction transform modern urban space into fictional text, producing a range of thoughts concerned with modernity. Chapter six, by reconstructing his literal tradition, interprets the traditional elements found in his fiction and analyzes with different aspects his re-creation of Chinese traditional literature. Chapter seven is the conclusion, which attempts to consolidate what has been discussed before in this text, in order to contemplate the important significance of modernity in China brought about by Shi Zhecun's fiction. / Translation, since the Late Qing Dynasty, has been exhibiting great influence on China's road towards modernity. Scholars Lydia Liu and David Wang present "translated modernity" as a way to delve into the relationship between translation, Chinese Late Qing fiction and May Fourth literature. From Late Qing to May Fourth, translation has been highly influential on the period when old literature was superseded by new one. Thus, when radical anti-traditionalism wanes, would translation, among the relatively mature 30s literature, have a new significance? / 郭詩詠. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(p. 220-233). / Adviser: Hang Fung Hoyan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-02, Section: A, page: 0575. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Can kao wen xian (p. 220-233). / Guo Shiyong.