Published Article / This article argues that, whether she recognises it or not, the translator is an agent, i.e. someone with an active hand in the intercultural communication process. This position endows the translator with the responsibility to make decisions in intercultural communication that can have far-reaching ideological effects. For this reason, translators should be educated to be able to take up this responsibility. In this regard, the author proposes the notion of wisdom as the aim of translator education. The article also argues in favour of indigenising and even subverting translations in theAfrican context.

Published Article / This article questions current philosophies and practices in translator training in South Africa against the background of the international debate on translator training. It puts up for discussion the notion of a competent translator as the basis for departure in a discussion on translator training. The context within which translator training takes place is discussed, with specific reference to the South African context. The choice for a particular theory of teaching and learning, as well as assessment in translator training receives attention. The article puts forward various research questions that should be addressed in order to enhance translator training.

The aim of this Master's thesis is to introduce the Czech public to the works of the contemporary Spanish translator, historian of translation, professor and humanist, Miguel Ángel Vega Cernuda. In the introductory part we define the position of M. A. Vega in today's Spanish translation and interpreting studies. We focus mainly on a subject that is crucial for Vega - translation history in a cultural and social context. We also present Vega's own translations as well as his views on modern theory of translation and the education and profile of a translator. We also mention his cooperation with the Institute of Translation Studies and his connection to Jiří Levý, whom Vega introduced to the Spanish environment. Key words: Miguel Ángel Vega Cernuda, Spanish translation and interpreting studies, translation history, interpreting history, translations cultural aspect, free translation, faithful translation, Jiří Levý, Franciscans, conquest and colonization of the Americas.

As variantes dialetais de cada idioma possuem características geográficas, sociais, situacionais e culturais muito próprias e que podem vir a ser diferentes das encontradas em qualquer outra língua. Portanto, a tradução dessas variantes estaria diante de problemas para os quais seria necessário empregar uma variedade de técnicas tradutórias que, a nosso ver, merecem uma investigação mais detalhada. Assim, esta pesquisa tem como tema o estudo da tradução da representação literária do dialeto rural no romance Don Segundo Sombra (1926) do escritor argentino Ricardo Güiraldes para o português. A necessidade de um trabalho que vise analisar a tradução da representação literária do dialeto deve-se à falta de pesquisas sobre traduções de variantes dialetais que tenham como corpus original uma obra literária de língua espanhola e se baseie numa metodologia que exponha os dados de maneira qualitativa. A pesquisa fornece respostas às problemáticas que envolvem a tradução de dialeto e se beneficiarão dela todos os interessados nos aspectos da tradução de romances regionalistas, tal como aqueles que buscam amostras para os estudos dialetológicos na área de tradução. Analisamos a tradução com o auxílio do modelo de avaliação de qualidade de tradução de Juliane House (1997), baseado em quatro níveis de análise: função do texto individual, gênero, registro e linguagem/texto. Concluímos que o tradutor realiza um trabalho bastante satisfatório ao se aproveitar do contínuo dialetal existente entre o português brasileiro e espanhol, mais especificamente o português do Rio Grande do Sul e o espanhol do Rio da Prata, para marcar a linguagem da tradução como regional e estrangeirizadora. Por meio disso, ele consegue transmitir ao leitor a noção de que as personagens produzem uma variante marcada dialetalmente como não padrão/neutra, sem descaracterizá-las. / The dialect variants of each language have geographical, social, cultural and situational features very unique and that may be different from those found in any other language. Therefore, the translation of these variants would face problems for which it would be necessary to employ a variety of translation techniques that, in our view, deserve a more detailed investigation. Thus, this research theme is the study of translation of literary representation of rural dialect in the novel Don Segundo Sombra (1926) by Argentine writer Ricardo Güiraldes into Portuguese. The need for a work aimed to analyze the translation of literary representation of dialect is due to the lack of research on translations of dialect variants that have as source corpus a literary piece written in Spanish language and based on a methodology that expose data in a qualitative way. The research provides answers to problems involving the translation of dialect and it will benefit all interested in aspects of translation of regionalist novels, as well as those seeking dialect samples for studies in the field of translation. We analyzed the translation with the help of Juliane Houses model of translation quality assessment (1997), based on four levels of analysis: individual textual function, genre, register and language / text. We conclude that the translator performs a quite satisfying work as he takes advantage of the dialect continuum between Brazilian Portuguese and Spanish, more specifically the Portuguese from Rio Grande do Sul and Spanish from Rio de la Plata, to mark the language of translation as regional and foreignizing. By this, he manages to convey to the reader the notion that the characters produce a variant marked as dialectally nonstandard / neutral without uncharacterize them.

Partindo do princípio de que as concepções de tradução dependam do modo como se concebe a linguagem, e de que a dinâmica histórica das teorias sobre tradução corresponda à alternância sucessiva entre propostas universalistas e relativistas, revê-se o momento de ingresso do tema na pesquisa acadêmica, época de domínio do universalismo, tipificado pela abordagem estruturalista. Mostra-se como as limitações próprias a essa abordagem levam ao abandono do universalismo em prol de um pensamento relativista radical que acaba também não dando conta do objeto. Nesse contexto, os estudos da tradução, enquanto tendência específica da pesquisa na área, aparecem como solução conciliatória, e ganham força como a abordagem mais próxima de descrever a experiência prática com o objeto. Faltam-lhe, todavia, aprofundar seus fundamentos teóricos, o que pode ser alcançado mediante o contato com a pragmática de Wittgenstein e a praxiologia de Bourdieu. As noções desenvolvidas por esses dois pensadores abrem espaço e contribuem para o desenvolvimento de uma teoria voltada para a prática, favorecendo a compreensão da tradução como o trabalho do tradutor. / Assuming that translation concepts depend upon the way language is conceived, and also that the history of translation theories alternates between universalists and relativists points of view, this work reviews the moment when translation theory is appropriated by academic research, a time in which the spread and supremacy of Universalism is represented by the dominant structuralist approach. The inner limitations of that approach imply however the abandon of Universalists ideas and the adoption of the opposite perspective, that of an extreme Relativism, which due exactly to its extremism limits itself to criticizing the presuppositions of the former Universalist paradigm. In that context, Translation Studies, considered a specific approach to the theme, arise as a conciliatory solution and seem to be closer to the translation praxis in describing its object. But Translation Studies also lack a deeper theoretical background and that can be achieved, supposedly, through an interdisciplinary contact with Wittgensteins pragmatics and Bourdieus praxeology. The chief notions elaborated by these two scholars may help the development of a theory that defines translation as the translators work.

In this dissertation, I argue that self-translators embody a borderline sense of hybridity, both linguistically and culturally, and that the act of translation, along with its innate in-betweenness, is the context in which self-translators negotiate their fragmented identities and cultures. I use the poetry of Urayoán Noel, Juan Gelman, and Yolanda Castaño to demonstrate that they each uniquely use the process of self-translation, in conjunction with a bilingual presentation, to articulate their modern, hybrid identities. In addition, I argue that as a result, the act of self-translation establishes an interliminal space of enunciation that not only reflects an intercultural exchange consistent with hybridity, but fosters further cultural and linguistic interaction. As a manifestation of their hybrid sensibilities, each of these three poets employs the process of self-translation as an extension of their poetic themes, including a critique and parody of postmodern globalization, reappropriation of language to combat forces of oppression and deterritorialization, or a socio-linguistic representation of bilingual life in a stateless nation from the perspective of a minority language. Self-translation highlights the interliminality between languages, establishing a “third space” of communication that transcends the incomplete communicative ability of each of the two languages. When presented bilingually, self-translation foregrounds the act of translation; the presence of both languages not only encourages interaction between the two languages, but also draws attention to the act of translation, instead of obscuring it in a layer of transparency. This brings the reader to ponder the act of translation and the relationship between languages, ultimately enabling the reader to more fully appreciate the generative qualities of translation.

La traductologie fait depuis quelques années une entrée timide dans le Monde arabe et c’est notamment la traduction de la terminologie de cette discipline qui joue un rôle prépondérant à ce niveau-là. Or, s’il est parfois réussi, le passage terminologique se heurte souvent à des difficultés, voire des impasses. A travers l’analyse des termes arabes de la traductologie, c’est-à-dire à travers l’étude de leur construction, fonctionnement, circulation, évolution, etc., l’on peut d’une part, s’interroger sur le rapport parfois problématique de ces termes, et des idées qu’ils subsument, avec leurs origines étrangères, et d’autre part, révéler les temps forts, mais surtout les limites d’un tel passage, pour faire surgir l’état plus général de la réflexion arabe sur la traduction. / In the last few years, translation studies have been growing slowly in the Arab World, a new phenomenom in which the translation of the French and English terminology of the discipline plays a crucial role. However, this transfer can have its successes as well as its setbacks. Through the study of the Arabic terms of translation studies, i.e. their creation, circulation, evolution, etc., it is possible, on one hand, to examin the relationship between the terms, and the ideas underlying them, and their outside influences, and, on another hand, to reveal the limits of this transfer, in order to describe the general state of translation studies in the Arab World.

Book review of: Barker, S. K. and Brenda M. Hosington, eds. Renaissance Cultural Crossroads: Translation, Print and Culture in Britain, 1473-1640. Boston: Brill, 2013. xxix + 253 pp. ISBN 978-9004241848. $146.00 cloth. Braden, Gordon, Robert Cummings, and Stuart Gillespie, eds. The Oxford History of Literary Translation in English, Volume 2: 1550-1660. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2010. xiii + 599 pp. ISBN 978-0199246212. $250.00 cloth. Hosington, Brenda et al. Renaissance Cultural Crossroads Catalog: An Analytical and Annotated Catalogue of Translations, 1473-1640. ISBN 978-0955787652. Reynolds, Matthew. The Poetry of Translation: From Chaucer & Petrarch to Homer & Logue. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2011. x + 374 pp. ISBN 978-0199605712. $99.00 cloth Schurink, Fred, ed. Tudor Translation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. xi + 234 pp. ISBN 978-0230271807. $76.00 cloth.

Review of Hadfield, Andrew and Neil Rhodes, Gen ed. MHRA Tudor & Stuart Translations. 23 vols. London: Modern Humanities Research Association 2011-2017.

This thesis examines the use of folklore and the folkloresque in Haruki Murakami’s novel Hitsuji wo meguru bōken, or, as it is translated by Alfred Birnbaum, A Wild Sheep Chase. Murakami blends together Japanese and Western folklore to present a Japan that has been colonized by a post-national, global capitalistic force. At the same time, Murakami presents a strategy to resist this colonizing force by placing agency onto the individual and suggesting that it is still possible to craft a meaningful identity within the Japanese/Western blended, globalized society in which these individuals now exist. Alongside examining the use of folklore in this novel, issues of translation are also considered by comparing Murakami’s original Japanese text to Birnbaum’s English translation. The fields of folkloristics and translation studies inform this comparison, and a new way to discuss translations (especially those that come from a text in which folklore is central) is developed. These two major threads are pulled together in an analysis of Murakami’s role as a multinational writer. His blending of multiple cultural references and languages make his message on constructing an identity from a globalized culture more accessible to those outside of Japan; rather than focusing on what is lost in Birnbaum’s translation, this thesis uses a folkloristic perspective on translation studies and explores how Birnbaum expands upon Murakami’s process.