No description available.

<p>The purpose of this experimental study is to examine the translation processes and the resulting translations of eight translators performing translation tasks from German into Swedish. The data about the translation processes were collected with the think-aloud technique, i.e. the translators were asked to verbalize as much of their thinking as possible while translating. The translators – four of whom had long working experience and the others substantially shorter experience – were asked to translate the same source text (a news item) for two different fictitious audiences: first for a morning newspaper and then for a children’s magazine.</p><p>With regards to the translation process, the results showed that the two categories of translators did not differ considerably from each other, neither in their dictionary use, nor in their overall accomplishment of the translation tasks. However, they did differ in their attitude. The less experienced translators were more involved in the process, which also led to quality improvements. At the same time, individual differences were substantial regarding all of the criteria examined.</p><p>The resulting translations (the products) were evaluated both by the researcher and by journalists from the newspapers or magazines in which the texts, according to the briefs, were to be published. The results showed small differences in text quality for the two categories of translators. According to the journalists, the less experienced translators even produced slightly better texts for the morning paper.</p>

No description available.

Catholic Church--Pennsylvania--Periodicals; Catholic Church--United States--Periodicals; Catholic--Pennsylvania--Periodicals; Pittsburgh (Pa.)--Newspapers; Pittsburgh (Pa.)--Periodicals; United States--Pennsylvania--Allegheny--Pittsburgh;

The purpose of this experimental study is to examine the translation processes and the resulting translations of eight translators performing translation tasks from German into Swedish. The data about the translation processes were collected with the think-aloud technique, i.e. the translators were asked to verbalize as much of their thinking as possible while translating. The translators – four of whom had long working experience and the others substantially shorter experience – were asked to translate the same source text (a news item) for two different fictitious audiences: first for a morning newspaper and then for a children’s magazine. With regards to the translation process, the results showed that the two categories of translators did not differ considerably from each other, neither in their dictionary use, nor in their overall accomplishment of the translation tasks. However, they did differ in their attitude. The less experienced translators were more involved in the process, which also led to quality improvements. At the same time, individual differences were substantial regarding all of the criteria examined. The resulting translations (the products) were evaluated both by the researcher and by journalists from the newspapers or magazines in which the texts, according to the briefs, were to be published. The results showed small differences in text quality for the two categories of translators. According to the journalists, the less experienced translators even produced slightly better texts for the morning paper.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Portuguese

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Portuguese

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of English

As a result of growing attention in cross-cultural research, existing measurement instruments developed in one language are being translated and adapted for use in other languages and cultural contexts. The benefits of having the same instrument across cultures can only be realized if the process of translation and adaptation of the measurement instruments produces measurement operations that function similarly across national and cultural boundaries. Producing invariant measurement instruments that assess educational and psychological constructs provide a way of testing the cross-cultural generality of theories that include these constructs. The major purposes of the study were to translate and adapt the Teaching Perspectives Inventory (Pratt, 1992, 1990) from English to Bahasa Malaysia and compare the psychometric properties of the two versions. The TPI is an instrument developed by Pratt (1992) to ascertain the different conceptions that teachers in higher education have about teaching. The TPI has 45 items, which are divided into five subscales or perspectives referred to as Transmission, Apprenticeship, Developmental, Nurturing, and Social Reform. The first phase of this study translated and adapted the TPI from English into the Malay language of Malaysia or Bahasa Malaysia (BM) using multiple approaches as recommended by the International Test Commission. The approaches used to translate the TPI included forward and back translations, an expert panel review, a pilot study, and cognitive interviews. In the translation process, three initial translators, two back translators, and six expert panel members, including the researcher, came up with a pre-final version of the Malay TPI. During the translation process, two items were found to contain expressions that had no exact equivalent forms in Malay: "virtuoso performers" and "higher ideals." Overall, translating the TPI was a challenging task due to the relatively large number of items in the instrument (45) as well as the complexity and very abstract nature of the constructs. Many of the words and expressions that were brief and concise in the English version became longer and more verbose when translated in Malay. As a result, the translated TPI version appeared longer than the original version. Pilot testing with 25 native speakers of Malay who were faculty members from a number of public universities in Malaysia revealed nine items that needed modification. Cognitive interviewing with five participants from the pilot group revealed one item requiring a change by adding a borrowed word "novis" in brackets next to the Malay expressions, which refers to the original word novice. Due to the confusion with the words referring to `people' in many of the items, additional instructions were added at the beginning of the survey to ensure that the participants responded according to the original intention of the items, which focuses on learners in the faculty's specific classroom context instead of people in the society in general. Following changes to the TPI, this instrument was administered in phase two to a Malaysian sample of 561 faculty. In the second phase, the study assessed the psychometric properties of the original English version of the TPI with 605 faculty in the U. S. and the translated TPI version of the TPI with the Malaysian sample. The overall internal consistency reliability of both the English (α=.88) and the Malay TPI (α=.93) appeared to be adequate. At the subscale level, the internal consistency reliabilities of all the scales were on the lower side considering the large number of items (9) for each subscale (range = .67 to .83 for the U. S. and .59 to .81 for Malaysia). It was found that three out of the five subscales of the U. S. and Malay TPI had similar alpha reliabilities (Apprenticeship, Nurturing, Social Reform). To assess the cross-cultural factorial validity and measurement invariance of the TPI, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out for both the original and the Malay TPI. The sample size for the U. S. group was 605 and the Malay group was 561. The fit for both the U. S. and the Malay correlated five-factor models was less than adequate with the Malay model showing a much worse fit. Correlated errors were found between 64 item pairs in the U. S. model and 389 item pairs in the Malay model. The correlations between the five perspectives in the Malay sample were much higher than those in the U. S. sample suggesting that the perspectives had limited discriminant validity. For example, the correlations between the Nurturing and Developmental perspectives and Nurturing and Social Reform perspectives were 1.0. The inadequate fit of the five-factor correlated model in the Malaysian sample and the minimally acceptable fit in the U. S. sample led to the decision to carry out analyses and compare the groups one subscale at a time. Model modifications for each subscale of both samples were carried out to improve the fit by adding one or more parameters (i.e., correlated errors) for each subscale model to obtain acceptable baseline models. The results of the invariance testing for each subscale did not support the existence of measurement invariance. Overall, the results indicate that the Malay version of the TPI is not ready for use and additional translation and adaptation work is recommended. Future efforts could incorporate improvements in the translation process in the form of recruiting a larger number of certified translators who have in-depth knowledge of teaching in higher education as well as a deep knowledge of the philosophy and purposes behind the TPI. Additional cognitive interviews before and after pretesting and pilot testing of the pre-final version are recommended. Finally, adding a large sample of bilingual educators who would complete both the Malay and English versions of the TPI would provide important psychometric data on the equivalence of the TPI items.

In this article I examine as mediations of urban experience poems written by Koos du Plessis. a contemporary Afrikaans poet. together with their musical rendition by Johannes Kerkorrel. a singer and musician from the Afrikaans altemative music scene and former member of Die Gereformeerde Blues Band. The poetry was initially published with musical arrangements in the volume Kinders van die Wind : En Ander Lirieke (1981) . In order to use this material in an article produced as part of an English study . I have translated the poetry into English . The translation (in linguistic and performative terms) of these poems has the dual effect of rendering them more appropriately for this study, and making them accessible to a wider audience. I am concemed with the way poems written by a poet from an earlier decade (the 1980s) interpret and mediate an urban identity and. further. with the fact that performance not only gives them a new lease of life. but also transforms them into works which have meaning and appeal for a more contemporary, broader audience. The fundamental issues addressed in this poetry , namely a response to and a negotiation of urban (South African) experience. continue to speak compellingly today. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.