The Study on staging strategy of global operational center- a L company Case Abstract Taiwan has his own competitive advantages geographical features among countries. With changes of competitive factors and differences development patterns, it becomes a critical issue what roles the global operational center should play and his strategic deployments in the internationalization process are getting an important subject. Hence, the thesis is going to analyze how the small & middle enterprise in Taiwan plays internationally with global perspective instead of focusing on interaction between China and Taiwan. The case study method was employed in this thesis with the theory models Barlett & Goshal¡]1989¡^proposed in 1989 to study how the electronic company has been developing internationally. Observation is the sources of first-hand data with notes being kept as references. Meanwhile, secondary data is also majority of data sources. Based on analyzed data, I conclude as the followings, 1. As for SMD packaging materials, the global operational center is becoming as a transnational company from current international ones. However, SMT equipments, the head quarter will become as a global company from currently trading mode. 2. There is a different repurchase cycle between both of SMD packaging materials & SMT equipments. Therefore, the requirements on abilities of local response and flexibility are different as well. The repurchase cycle determined how they interact and resources allocation between head quarter and subsidiaries. 3. In the process of diversification, different product lines have different management terms. For example, the products with characteristics of highly customerizd and shorter repurchase cycle have to be met the demands of local market, and the subsidiaries need to be empowered and given responsibilities more by head quarter. Key Word¡Gglobal operational center small and middle enterprise transnational company

This thesis aims to provide an analytical outlook for the relevant dynamics of transnational relations in the field of energy with specific reference to key issues and tools for governance. Not only contemporary structure of interdependent and in some cases asymmetrical relations requires a multi-level approach in addressing main issues but also there exists considerable amount of attention in global agenda over alternative policies in response to the developments in this complex context of dynamic and transnational relations whereby an action of an actor results in spillover effects in other regions. It is necessary to have a multi dimensional approach in addressing issues of energy governance where interdependence plays a significant role.

Diss. Uppsala : Univ., 2004.

Bachelor's thesis. / Format: PDF. Bibl.

Transnational perspectives on migration have challenged conventional understandings of migrant assimilation. However, theories on the relation between transnational engagement and integration are still offering a quite dualistic picture. Until today, few quantitative studies have been conducted on the consequences of transnational activities for immigrant integration, especially within the European context. The objective of this study is to provide empirical knowledge that enables a further evaluation of the accuracy of classic assimilation theory in a society where a growing part of the population is believed to maintain cross-national ties. With the use of data from The Swedish Level of Living Survey of Foreign Born (LNU-UFB) the study focuses on three different aspects of integration outcomes: social, cultural and economic integration. The study finds significant correlations between transnational activities and all three integration outcomes, also when well-known determinants of integration are controlled for. The directions of these associations are similar across each aspect of integration but vary with type of transnational activity. Whilst sending remittances and travelling frequently to the country of origin are positively associated with social, cultural and economic aspects of integration, longer duration of stay in the country of origin is negatively associated with integration outcomes. Both number and length of visits are additionally found to be more important for migrants who have recently come to Sweden and were older when migrating than those having lived in Sweden a longer period of time or from young ages.  Noting the underlying and multi-directional causality, the results overall imply a further critique of the classic assimilationist view, supporting a more pragmatic view of both integration and transnational activities as parts of the same processes.

This report explores the evolution of advocacy strategies amongst human rights organizations in El Salvador over the past two decades, focusing in particular on domestic activists’ perceived need to use transnational venues for activism in order to achieve positive domestic results. The Salvadoran political transition in 2009 is used to examine how changing political opportunity structures at the domestic level affect human rights organizations’ transnational strategies. Extensive in-country fieldwork in 2011 involved eighteen in-depth interviews with activists, academics, and government officials, four months of participant observation with one of the human rights organizations of interest, and primary document content analysis. The results of this research allow for two human rights networks to be considered: the historical human rights movement seeking justice and reparations for human rights violations committed during the Salvadoran civil war, and the contemporary migrants’ rights movement seeking both protection and reparations for Salvadoran migrants and their families. The findings suggest that despite significant openness at the domestic level, activists perceive transnational strategies as an important complement to domestic strategies that allow them to achieve positive concrete change and protect against future reversals in policy. / text

The suppression of transnational organised crime has continued to rise on the agenda of the international community and is today an affirmed goal of most states. To increase the effectiveness of suppression, it is necessary for states to cooperate across borders in criminal investigations. The legal regime by which this is done is called mutual legal assistance, MLA, and is one of the most practically important developments in public international law over recent decades. The development however has led to several unanswered questions regarding the position of the individual in the procedure. Those are manifested in three main areas, namely; the requirements for employment of MLA; the application of exceptions and; human rights protection.   This thesis elaborates on and analyses the balance between effectiveness in formal international law enforcement and the protection of fundamental rights in such procedures in the three main ambiguous areas.   The analysis points to the importance of the principle of reciprocity for effective cooperation and argues that the conditions for MLA should not be altered. It argues that the number of exceptions shall be kept at a minimum. However, the efforts to abolish the exception for offences of a political nature should be halted or at least approached with more caution. This is true also of when concerning terrorism offences.   The analysis shows that the protection available to the person whom the MLA request concerns is inadequate. There is an urgent need to reform the system in that respect, in particular by opening channels of complaint.   The final conclusion is that, in light of the unquestionable importance of MLA in the suppression of transnational organised crime, it is possible to make limited reform in the areas of human rights and the guarantee of a right to a fair trial without jeopardising the necessary effectiveness of the system.

My dissertation traces how the interplay of trafficking and regulation shaped free trade in the Arabian Sea. It explores trafficking in the littoral region stretching from western India to the Swahili Coast, as it evolved under colonial regulation. British officials wanted commercial practices in the Arabian Sea to conform to their perception of free trade, but their dedication to laissez-faire policies prevented them from intervening directly in trade. But smuggling provided the perfect justification for intervention. Colonial regulation focused on four illicit arenas that structured free trade: labor, security, finance and transportation. The suppression of the slave trade would produce wage labor. The suppression of the arms traffic would eliminate violence from trade. The regulation of currency arbitrage would create a stable monetary standard. Finally, the regulation of shipping would develop a transportation system which could incorporate distance into the calculation of price. Yet these regulatory efforts were frustrated by merchant networks which exploited the gaps in the enforcement of these regulations. Merchants co-opted regulators, circumvented regulations and evaded policing in order to structure transactions to their own advantage. Thus my dissertation demonstrates how free trade in the Arabian Sea was framed through this intricate interplay of trafficking and regulation. / History

As organized global actors, transnational advocacy networks (TANs) are an emerging way of people getting their voice heard and to make a change in global governance. Influencing policy-makers through advocacy has an identified connection to the legitimacy of the organization where the general assumption is that a higher legitimacy facilitates influence. In this thesis we have approached this situation from a strategic standpoint. Seeing as TANs – like most organizations – follow a strategy in order to achieve their goals, we wanted to see how legitimacy can be included as a part of the TANs strategy. This included describing the connections between the TAN as an organization and the legitimacy potential in both the organizational form and their actions. Our empirical findings suggested a close relationship between a TAN’s legitimacy and their stance with a policy-making institution, which led to a focus on these institutions as a target for TANs and their advocacy. We developed on this relation and outlined a suggestion for a strategic framework for TANs to consider when strategizing around legitimacy. We found that two main paths – named the Insider and the Outsider strategies – illustrate the options and implications a TAN is faced with on the topic of strategic legitimacy. The results constitute a contribution to the development of TAN strategy, a field that in the time of our writing this remains underexplored territory. We suggest that this field can be further developed by continuous research and we hope that this thesis is a contribution to that development.

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