This qualitative action research concentrates on examining the best practices for teachers in trauma-informed practices by producing an implementation guide to train the trainer. The theoretical framework utilized to help inform the development of this research was Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory (1989) in relation to human development for identifying the emerging best practices with being trauma informed. The scope of this research focuses on low-socioeconomic status (SES) urban youth, so cultural sensitivity is naturally always a component of a complete train-the-trainer, trauma-informed teaching program. I identified the emerging best practices in two ways: (a) by gathering and summarizing supporting sources of literature and (b) by holding collaborative conversations with acknowledged experts in culturally competent trauma-informed training. The findings revealed six components essential to prepare the trainer on trauma-informed education training. First, culturally responsive pedagogy and culturally responsive teaching were identified to aid in bridging the gap in providing support. Social capital based upon lived experiences of students was recognized by acknowledging their needs through appropriate modeling of positive attitudes and behavior while increasing confidence in student learning using inclusive resources demonstrated throughout academic content. Next, the key principles of brain science were acknowledged showing a relationship between impact of trauma and learning affects such as: processing, decoding, self-regulation, and impulse control. Then, mental health was addressed to show there is an impact of negative interactions and disciplinary actions, according to Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) ecological systems theory. Attitude and language were acknowledged as both verbal and non-verbal and having an impact on instructional behavior, which influences student climate in learning and behavior. Lastly, the equity and accountability components were identified to require teachers to move away from implicit bias issues by creating more cultural-normative behavior through designing more restorative practices while building partnerships with students and families alike. The result of this action research provided a set of emerging best practices embedded in the implementation guide to support the trainer in training educators on how to teach trauma-impacted youth in California’s culturally diverse public-school classrooms.

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Remains from twentyour human burials recovered from the Bluff Creek Site (1LU59) in Alabama exhibited evidence of interpersonal conflict trauma. When the victims of interpersonal conflict were placed in their approximate time period, it became apparent that frequencies of interpersonal conflict changed over time, from the Archaic (15.4%) to Woodland (6.7%) to Mississippian (45.5%) periods. These changes are explained by changes in settlement patterns and associated stress over resource competition. As Archaic hunter-gatherers became less mobile and settled in to small “hamlets”, the stress over competition for resources was reduced, causing the frequency of interpersonal conflict trauma to fall slightly in the Woodland period. The significant rise in the frequency for the Mississippian is related to the shift in settlement patterns from “hamlets” to large villages. As the large villages began to compete for resource territory, stress over competition for resources also increased.

Fraktur-assoziierte Gefäßverletzungen sind seltene, aber potentiell lebensbedrohliche Unfallfolgen. Durch komplexe Verletzungsmuster stellen Fraktur-assoziierten Gefäßverletzungen eine gefäßchirurgische Notfallsituation dar und erfordern eine hohe Expertise seitens des behandelnden Schockraumteams. Diese retrospektive Studie untersuchte anhand von Patientendaten des Schockraums des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg im Zeitraum Dezember 2005 bis Dezember 2013, das Management von Patienten mit Fraktur-assoziierten Gefäßverletzungen im Extremitäten- und Beckenbereich. Es wurden Daten von N=64 Patienten mit Fraktur-assoziierten Gefäßverletzungen im Bereich der Extremitäten und des Beckens in einem Zeitraum von 8 Jahren ausgewertet. Diese Daten wurden mit Patientendaten von N=60 Patienten mit Frakturen im Bereich der Extremitäten und des Beckens ohne Gefäßbeteiligung verglichen. Insbesondere wurden Aussagen über Diagnostik, Therapie und Outcome gewonnen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die unterschiedlichsten Trauma Score Systeme (GCS; ISS; RISC II) keine Hinweise auf das zusätzliche Vorliegen einer Gefäßverletzung liefern. Außerdem konnten erstmals die klinischen Auswirkungen einer zusätzlichen Gefäßverletzung auf das präklinische Flüssigkeitsmanagement und das Gerinnungssystem gezeigt werden. So könnten ein präklinisch erhöhter Flüssigkeitsbedarf und veränderte Gerinnungsparameter im Eingangslabor erste Hinweise auf eine zusätzliche Gefäßverletzung geben. Mit einer Gefäßverletzung muss unabhängig von der Frakturlokalisation, dem Verletzungsausmaß und dem protokollierten Trauma Score gerechnet werden. Beim geringsten Verdacht sollte eine gefäßchirurgische Vorstellung erfolgen. / Fracture-associated vascular injuries are rare but potentially life-threatening consequences of accidents. Due to complex injury patterns, fracture-associated vascular injuries represent an emergency situation and require a high level of expertise on the part of the treating emergency room team. This retrospective study examined the management of patients with fracture-associated vascular injuries in the extremities and pelvic area using patient data from the emergency trauma room of the University Hospital Wuerzburg in the period of December 2005 to December 2013. Data from N = 64 patients with fracture-associated vascular injuries in the extremities and pelvis were evaluated over a period of 8 years. These data were compared with patient data from N = 60 patients with fractures in the extremities and pelvis without vascular involvement. Especially statements about diagnostics, therapy and outcome were obtained. It could be shown that the various trauma score systems (GCS; ISS; RISC II) do not provide any indications of the additional presence of a vascular injury. In addition, the clinical effects of an additional vascular injury on the preclinical fluid management and the coagulation system could be shown for the first time. A preclinical increased fluid requirement and changed coagulation parameters in the entry laboratory could provide the first indications of an additional vascular injury. A vascular injury must be expected regardless of the fracture location, the extent of the injury and the recorded trauma score. If there is the slightest suspicion, a vascular surgical presentation is necessary.

Telehealth services can address many barriers to traditional office-based mental health services. Few studies have assessed youth and caregiver perceptions of and satisfaction with trauma-focused interventions delivered via telemental health. The present study reports data collected using the Telehealth Satisfaction Questionnaire (TSQ), which was developed to measure child and caregiver satisfaction with services, comfort with the telehealth equipment, and barriers to traditional office-based services. Thirteen clinicians delivered home- and school-based Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) via videoconferencing on tablets and computers to 60 child patients (71.7% Latinx, 18.3% Black, and 10.0% non-Hispanic White). Patients and caregivers completed the TSQ at treatment discharge via telephone, videoconferencing, or in-person interviews. There was a high level of satisfaction among patients and caregivers receiving TF-CBT via telemental health. Furthermore, most youth and caregivers felt comfortable using the telehealth equipment from the outset of therapy, and all participants who were not initially comfortable using the equipment reported feeling more comfortable over time. The most common barriers to traditional office-based services were caregiver work schedule (57.7%), distance to mental health clinic (55.8%), and lack of transportation (44.2%). Patients and caregivers expressed a preference for telemental health services if given the option between receiving therapy via videoconferencing versus going to an office-based clinic. Findings indicated telemental health treatment addressed barriers that would have otherwise prevented families from accessing office-based services. The TSQ can be used to help clinics and providers assess patient and caregiver satisfaction with telehealth services in various settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

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This research paper explores the multifaceted role of women as witnesses during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, with a specific focus on their embodiment of the nation at war and the profound impacts the conflict had on their lives. I base my analysis on Tahmima Anam's novel "A Golden Age" to provide insights into the practices of witnessing performed by and on women, and their relationship to national and female identities. I argue that women's witnessing of the war can be extrapolated from their specific social, corporeal, and physical spaces and the ways in which these spaces were utilized and received by women and their counterparts. Using postcolonial theory and witness theory stemming from trauma studies, this paper examines the dynamics within women’s spaces to reconsider women's negotiations for autonomy from within predefined social categories during the war. My research highlights the diverse external pressures faced by different groups of women during the Bangladesh Liberation War, underscoring the need to redefine ethical and empathic witnessing when engaging with narratives of trauma. By expanding the discourse on cross-cultural trauma studies, this paper emphasizes the importance of responsibly addressing and engaging with testimonies of crisis. The examination of women's witnessing, and their spatial positioning contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexities of gender, identity, and witnessing in times of conflict. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) / This thesis aims to expand the discourse on women’s witnessing during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War to ensure readers, academics, and governments encounter testimonies of crisis with ethics, empathy, and responsibility. I examine Tahmima Anam’s "A Golden Age" to reconsider how women and women’s spaces like the home and female bodies are witnessed by nations. Additionally, I explore how women witnessed the nation and other women during the war while negotiating national duty with personal identity.

The concepts of urban psychosis and urban trauma rarely appear in scholarly literature. This study explores what urban psychosis is from a health perspective and how it affects African Americans who have lived in urban environments. The study also explores in what ways the experiences of people from inner-city neighborhoods illustrate the tenets of urban trauma and urban psychosis. Through an exploratory qualitative study, the researcher seeks to discover how urban dwellers experience urban psychosis and/or urban trauma.

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