A hollow viscus injury is an uncommon but potentially dangerous intra-abdominal injury that can result from blunt abdominal trauma. It can be misdiagnosed in patient, particularly when the patient has other concerning findings. Also, diagnosis can be increasingly difficult in a patient with a pre-existing ventral hernia and chronic abdominal pain. In this case we present a 66-year-old women, with a history of a large ventral hernia and chronic abdominal pain, who presented to the emergency department after a motor vehicle crash (MVC). Patient denied abdominal tenderness at the time of presentation and the initial computed tomography (CT) did not demonstrate any abnormal findings within the abdomen. Patient later began experiencing increased abdominal pain and presented with a small bowel perforation within the hernia that required a bowel resection and hernia repair. A review of the literature reveals that not only are hollow viscus injuries rare but there appears to be few documented cases of viscus injuries occurring within a existing ventral hernia.

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to investigate the perceptions of classroom-level educators regarding the application of trauma-informed instructional practices. This was achieved by evaluating educators' understanding of the influence of trauma on students, their level of familiarity with trauma-informed instructional practices, and their assessments of the effectiveness of these practices. Trauma refers to an individual's response to a single traumatic incident, a succession of traumatic events, or extended exposure to a traumatic event (SAMHSA, 2014). As awareness of the prevalence of childhood trauma has increased, it is acknowledged as a serious public health issue (Lang et al., 2015). Trauma-informed care is a strengths-based, victim-centered framework under which organizations recognize trauma, understand, and limit the potential long-term repercussions of exposure to traumatic experiences, even if an individual does not perceive trauma as influencing their behavior (Kubiak et al., 2017; Office for Victims of Crime, n.d.). Educators have a distinct advantage in identifying students' traumatic stress symptoms, which can directly affect social-emotional growth and academic achievement (Conley et al., 2014; Donisch et al., 2022). Schools play a crucial role in establishing settings that safeguard students against adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), cultivate resilience, and nurture a sense of belongingness (Conley et al., 2014; Hertz, 2020). Eight educators from one northeast Tennessee school district who provided general and special education instruction to students in PreK-12th grade participated in the study. Data collection consisted of one-on-one video conferencing interviews. The data were coded and analyzed to identify emerging themes, synthesized, and summarized (Creswell & Creswell, 2018). The following themes emerged: (a) increased awareness of trauma and ACEs, (b) desire for additional training, (c) diversity of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and trauma exposures, (d) perceived negative behaviors resulting from or masking trauma, (e) the significance of procedures and structure, (f) the need for supplementary resources, (g) the importance of relationship building, (h) importance of opportunities for success, (i) facilitation of individualized instruction, (j) increased empathy, (k) increased patience and self-awareness, and (l) emotional, physical, and mental stress.

This is a collection of two stories, one fiction and one non-fiction, in communication with one another. Both stories explore how trauma can transform a life. In "Tabula Rasa," Mena is unable to recall her past after being beaten and left for dead. She must choose whether to uncover her past or forget it and move forward with her life. Set in a town run by witches, Mena learns that both choices are dangerous. In "Eternal Second," the narrator recounts the aftermath of her husband's suicide. She explores how trauma invades all aspects of her life. In both stories, women must navigate a new life created by the destruction of the old one.

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Trauma, and or traumatic events affect two-thirds of individuals in the United States (Marsac et al., 2016). Individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are more vulnerable to trauma because of their social communication and emotional regulatory deficits (Kerns, 2015). With no field standard for treating clients who have trauma in the field of ABA, the present study investigated if when a practicing BCBA participates in a Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) training they will gain skill and knowledge of TIC to better treat their clients with trauma. This study utilized a CE on the CuspEmergence website created by Dr. Camile Kolu titled “Introduction to Ethics of Trauma-Informed Behavior Analysis”. Participants completed the entire training, a total of four chapters, and results indicated that through the use of a TIC training BCBA’s were able to demonstrate an increase in both skill and knowledge of TIC.

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Stress research has recently gained attention in the importance of adapting to life stressors as well as to temporary stressors created in a laboratory. Much attention has recently been paid to the influence of individual differences in their contribution to performance and adaptation to stressful situations. The contribution of individual differences ranges from personality characteristics such as extraversion and introversion, optimism or pessimism and even in some cases, clinical diagnoses. On the other hand, coping with traumatic stress and its potential long-term implication sparks much controversy in various fields of psychology. Certain views predict higher resilience to stress with the ability to rise above the occasion and triumph in spite of stress while other theories indicate a decline in productivity and an inability to cope with stress. The goal of the present study was to empirically examine the effect of long-term traumatic exposure on adaptation to stress. This project was designed to detect trauma and traumatic symptomology in a nonclinical sample. This was done in order to determine the effect of traumatic stress in an operational context. The premise for the research involves the complex interplay of encoding traumatic memories. It involves main theories of the traumatic memory argument and the trauma equivalency argument which subsequently argue for varying levels of prevalence for traumatic occurrences. The main implications investigated include the functionality of traumatized individuals under the stress of sustained attention in the maximal adaptability model in stress and performance research. In order to conduct the investigation of trauma and human adaptability in performance, there were considered 3 main groupings for traumatized individuals in accordance to their range of stressful experiences. All participants were asked to perform a sustained attention task. Seventy-five participants in the age range of 18-41 enrolled in the study through the Sona System website for class participation in their respective psychology classes. The investigation used measures of demographics, the Dissociative Experiences Scale, the Traumatic Events Questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire, Conner's Continuous Performance Task II, and the NASA Task Load Index to assess traumatic stress, subjective distress and workload as well as to impose stress through sustained attention. Results indicated that significant differences in measures of impulsiveness in traumatized individuals suggest a heightened awareness and hypervigilance in their reactivity to performance measures. Meanwhile, interactions in performance and gender suggest differences attributed to biological influence to the stress reaction. Gender differences, when isolated by male and female groups showed differences in omission, the absence of a correctly hit target, and hit rate for females while males exhibited more impact on attentional capacity. The pertinence of these findings maintain significant differences in the subjects included in this sample. However, the limitations of the research propose design and measurement strategy differences to further explore trauma's full and versatile impact in stress performance. Implications for this research extend to military optimization and selection as well as training methods. The findings of the project contribute to clinical intervention and understanding of trauma while expanding the literature and knowledge in the field of psychology.

Religious trauma is most often the result of prolonged emotional and mental trauma, rather than a one-time occurring physical experience, which can thereby lead to complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD). This prolonged form of trauma can have negative impacts on one’s psychological well-being and possibly one’s sense of identity. The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of how religious trauma may be related to identity development. College students (N = 223) completed an anonymous online survey battery for course credit. Scores on a measure of religious and spiritual struggles was positively correlated with identity distress and identity exploration, but not with identity commitment. Religious and spiritual struggles predicted C-PTSD scores, but also post-traumatic growth (PTG) scores. Deliberate rumination predicted PTG while intrusive rumination predicted C-PTSD. The complex role of rumination as a byproduct of identity exploration in the development of C-PTSD and PTG is further explored and discussed.

Published Article / This study was conducted to ascertain which of two techniques would result in more diagnostic films of patients with possible neck trauma. Twenty individuals were examined at the Radiology Department, Universitas hospital, Bloemfontein. Two exposures were done on each member of the sample: firstly the swimmers projection and secondly the orientation of the patient's arms was reversed. Using specific criteria to standardize evaluation, the films were evaluated by a radiologist. The adapted swimmers projection had better results in 50% of the categories. The swimmers projection was better in 33.3% of the categories. One category for both projections (16.7%) was equal.

BACKGROUND:Trauma remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Generally, the incidence of traumatic injuries is disproportionately high in males. However, trauma in females is underreported.AIM:To study the epidemiology and outcome of different mechanisms and types of traumatic injuries in women.METHODS:We conducted a traditional narrative review using PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE, searching for English-language publications for gender-specific trauma between January 1993 and January 2013 using key words "trauma", "gender", "female" and "women".RESULTS:Among 1150 retrieved articles, 71 articles were relevant over 20 years. Although it is an important public health problem, traumatic injuries among females remain under-reported.CONCLUSION:There is a need for further research and evaluation of the exact burden of traumatic injuries among females together with the implementation of effective community based preventive programs.