Background: Untreated patients and discontinuity in treatments are problems that mental health care is facing. Even though people seek care, there is still a pattern of patients who do not attend their scheduled appointments, referred to as No-shows. Noshows result in prolonged waiting times for patients and decreased efficiency and workflow for healthcare professionals. Moreover, causing great financial costs and losses for the healthcare sector. Using machine learning to predict potential No-shows beforehand could be a possible solution to minimize No-shows, while enhancing treatment adherence. Aim: The aim is to explore the best-performing algorithm for No-show predictions in digital psychotherapy. Furthermore, gaining a deeper knowledge of common behaviors in patient demographic and appointment data that may explain the reasons behind No-shows in digital mental health care services. Methods: A quantitative experimental research methodology and design with an inductive approach were utilized, incorporating computational methods, tools, and techniques. The Knowledge Discovery in Databases process was used as a guidance in the data mining process. Results: An observational relationship was found between No-shows and the following features age, day of the week of the appointment, date in a month of the appointment, month of the appointment, and waiting time. The best-performing algorithms to predict No-shows were Gradient Boosting Decision Tree and Random Forest. The date in a month was the most impactful feature for both classifiers, followed by the appointment month, the day of the week, and the number of waiting days. Conclusion: Machine learning has the potential to predict No-shows in digital psychotherapy and can be used to identify the underlying factors and patterns behind Noshows while providing useful information to support and improve digital mental health care delivery, treatment adherence, and patient outcomes. Thus, predicting No-shows beforehand is highly relevant for enhancing treatment adherence in digital psychotherapy and mental health care.

Introduktion: Tidigare forskning visar att det finns flera olika faktorer som bidrar till följsamhet vid läkemedelsbehandling av psykisk sjukdom, både möjligheter och svårigheter. En viktig uppgift som psykiatrisjuksköterskan har i mötet med patienter som lider av psykisk sjukdom är att psykiatrisjuksköterskan ska motivera patienten till att ta emot rekommenderad läkemedelsbehandling. Det är av värde att göra en översikt gällande aktuell forskning kring omvårdnadsmetoder och åtgärder som kan vidtas av psykiatrisjuksköterskan för att motivera patienter med psykisk sjukdom till följsamhet vid läkemedelsbehandling. Syfte: Syfte med denna studie är att undersöka hur sjuksköterskor inom psykiatrisk vård kan motivera personer med psykisk sjukdom till följsamhet vid läkemedelsbehandling. Metod: Metoden för detta examensarbete var litteraturöversikt bestående av 21 vetenskapliga artiklar, varav 14 kvantitativa, 5 kvalitativa och två med mixad metod. Vid litteratursökningenanvändes databaserna Pubmed och CINAHL. Resultat: Analysen av data resulterade i fyra kategorier (figur 3) vilket beskriver hur en sjuksköterska inom psykiatrisk vård kan motivera patienter med psykisk sjukdom tillföljsamhet vid läkemedelsbehandling. Dom fyra kategorierna blev: Den terapeutiska relationen och stöd från anhöriga vid följsamhet till läkemedelsbehandling, Psykoedukation för följsamhet till läkemedelsbehandling, Följsamhetsterapi för läkemedelsbehandling och Andra interventioner för att motivera till följsamhet vid läkemedelsbehandling. Slutsats: Det finns flera olika omvårdnadsinterventioner som specialistsjuksköterskan i psykiatrisk vård kan använda sig av för att motivera patienten att ta emot läkemedel och följa rekommenderad läkemedelsbehandling. Dessa omvårdnadsinterventioner överensstämmer med Roys anpassningsteori där Roy beskriver sjuksköterskans roll i patientens anpassningsförmåga och hur sjuksköterskan hjälper individer att hitta strategier för att hantera olika situationer samt ger individer möjligheter och stöd om behovet finns / Introduction: Previous research has shown that there are several different factors that contributes to adherence to drug treatment of mental illness, both opportunities and difficulties. An important task that the psychiatric nurse has in the meeting with patients suffering from mental illness is that the psychiatric nurse should motivate the patient to accept recommended drug treatment. It is of value to make an overview of current research on the different methods and measures that can be used by the psychiatric nurse to motivate patients with mental illness to adherence to drug treatment. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate on how nurses in psychiatric care can motivate people with mental illness to adherence to drug treatment. Method: The method for this thesis was a literature review consisting of 21 scientific articles, of which 14 quantitative, 5 Qualitative and two with mixed method. The databases Pubmed and CINAHL were used in the literature search. Results: The analysis of the data resulted in four categories (figure 3), which describes how a nurse in psychiatric care can motivate patients with mental illness to adherence to drug treatment. The four categories were: The therapeutic relationship and support from relatives to motivate adherence to drugtreatment, Psychoeducation for adherence to drug treatment, Adherence therapy for drug treatment and Other interventions to motivate adherence to drug treatment. Conclusion: There are several different nursing interventions that the specialist nurse in psychiatric care can use to motivate a patient to receive medication and follow recommended drug treatment. These nursing interventions are consistent with Roy's adaptation theory where Roy describes the nurse's role in the patient's adaptation capability and how the nurse helps individuals find strategies to handle different situations and gives individuals opportunities and support if needed.

O cuidado integral a vítimas de violência sexual (VVS) é política pública no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e estrutura-se no acolhimento das VVS em serviços de referência, onde recebem aconselhamento, intervenções para redução de danos à saúde mental, medicação para prevenção pós-exposição não ocupacional da infecção por HIV (nPEP) e medidas de prevenção de outras infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) e da gestação não desejada. Embora se reconheça que a adesão à nPEP entre VVS e sua retenção no cuidado após o agravo representem desafios, os preditores de adesão e retenção nessas circunstâncias não foram esclarecidos. Objetivos: Este estudo visa caracterizar as VVS admitidas em serviço de referência da cidade de São Paulo em até 72 horas após o episódio de violência e identificar preditores de adesão à nPEP e de retenção no cuidado por seis meses. Métodos: Para esta coorte retrospectiva selecionaram-se VVS admitidas em até 72 horas após o episódio de violência no Núcleo da Atendimento a Vítimas de Violência Sexual (NAVIS) do principal hospital de referência em São Paulo, no período de 2001 a 2013 (156 meses). Os pacientes elegíveis receberam nPEP, profilaxia para IST bacterianas, bem como contracepção de emergência, quando aplicável. A triagem sorológica para infecção por HIV, hepatites B e C e sífilis foi realizada na admissão, e no 90o e 180o dias de seguimento. Com base em revisão de prontuários a amostra foi caracterizada no tocante às características do episódio de VS, achados clínicos à admissão no serviço e intervenções realizadas, de acordo com sexo e idade da vítima. Os preditores de adesão à nPEP por 28 dias e retenção no cuidado até 180 dias após a admissão foram investigados em análise univariada e multivariada por modelos de regressão logística. Resultados: Estudaram-se 199 episódios de VS, acometendo 197 vítimas. Destes, 167 foram elegíveis para indicação de nPEP e em 160 (96%) a medicação foi de fato prescrita. A coorte foi constituída predominantemente por vítimas do sexo feminino (160, 80%), autodeclaradas brancas (149, 75%), com mediana de idade de 22 anos (intervalo interquartis (IIQ) de 15-29) e escolaridade de 9 anos (IIQ, 6-11). As VVS do sexo masculino foram significantemente mais jovens que as do sexo feminino 23 (mediana de idade 17, IIQ 14-32 para homens versus 23, IIQ 17-29 para mulheres) (p=0,002). Os episódios de VS mais frequentemente ocorreram no trajeto da vítima ao trabalho ou escola (n=110, 55%), foram perpetrados por um só agressor (n=180, 90%) e sob coerção (n=158, 79%). O tempo mediano entre o episódio de VS e a admissão ao serviço foi de 1 dia (IIQ 0,5-1,5). Em 20% dos episódios havia sido lavrado boletim de ocorrência policial. Destaca-se que apenas 101 (51%) VVS apresentavam algum achado clínico genital ou extragenital à admissão no serviço. Entre vítimas com menos de 14 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, o relato de VS por perpetrador conhecido (feminino < 0,001; masculino p=0,001) e de agressão ocorrida no domicílio ou entorno (feminino < 0,001; masculino p=0,002) foi mais frequente, em relação ao de vítimas com 14 anos ou mais. As VVS masculinas com 14 anos ou mais relataram mais frequentemente ter sido agredidas por mais de um perpetrador (p < 0,001) e apresentaram maior intensidade de lesão física, medida pelos escores NISS (p=0,0084) e ISS (p=0,0172), quando comparadas às do sexo feminino da mesma faixa etária. Houve menor indicação de nPEP para VS menores de 14 anos (feminino p < 0,001 e masculino p=0,001). As profilaxias para HIV e IST mostraram-se efetivas para as VVS retidas no cuidado por 180 dias. No que tange aos desfechos principais do estudo, 104/160 (65%, IC95% 57-72%) VVS apresentaram adesão à nPEP até 28 dias e 89/199 (45%, IC95% 38-52%) foram retidas no cuidado por 180 dias. À análise multivariada, verificou-se que ter realizado ao menos uma consulta psicológica (n = 126) foi preditor independente de adesão à nPEP (OR ajustado = 8,32; IC95% 3,0-23,03) e de retenção no cuidado (OR ajustado = 40,33; IC95% 8,33-195,3). Conclusões: O presente estudo aponta para características distintas da violência sexual entre VVS admitidas ao serviço em até 72 horas após o episódio, a depender do sexo e categoria etária da vítima (idade inferior a 14 anos versus 14 ou mais). Adicionalmente, o atendimento psicológico mostrou-se elemento essencial do manejo da VS, predizendo a adesão à nPEP e à retenção das vítimas no cuidado por seis meses / Comprehensive care of sexual violence victims (SVV) is a public policy provided by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). It is set up based on reception of SVV in reference centres, where they receive counselling, interventions to reduce mental health harm, medication for HIV nonoccupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) and prevention measures of other sexually-transmitted infections (STI) and unwanted pregnancies. Although studies have shown that adherence to nPEP among SVV and their retention in care after SV represent significant challenges, predictors of adherence and retention in these difficult circumstances remain unclear. Objectives: This study aimed at characterizing SVV admitted to a reference centre in São Paulo within 72 hours after the violence episode and at identifying predictors of adherence to nPEP and of retention in care for 6-month follow-up among SVV. Methods: For this retrospective cohort study, we selected SVV admitted to the SV unit (NAVIS) of the main reference hospital in Sao Paulo within 72 hours after the SV episode from 2001 to 2013. Eligible patients received nPEP, screening, prevention and management for other STI, as well as emergency contraception, when applicable. Serological screening for HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, and syphilis was carried out at baseline and on days 90 and 180 of follow-up. Based on chart review we compared characteristics of the SV episode, clinical findings at admission and prescribed interventions according to victims\' sex and age. Predictors of adherence to nPEP for 28 days and of retention in care until discharge at 180 days after admission were sought after by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 199 SV episodes in 197 victims were recorded over 156 months. Of those, 167 were eligible to receive nPEP and 160 (96%) actually received a prescription. Victims were predominantly female (160, 80%), self-reportedly white (149, 75%), with median age of 22 (interquartile range (IQR) 15-29) and 9 years of schooling (IQR, 6-11). Male victims were significantly younger than their female counterparts (17 years old, IQR 14-32 vs. 23, IQR 17-29) (p=0.002). The SV episodes most often occurred on the victims\' way to work or school (n=110, 55%), were perpetrated by a single aggressor (n=180, 90%) and under coercion (n=158, 79%). Median time between the SV episode and admission to the unit was 1 day (IQR 0.5-1.5). Only 20% of episodes had been reported to police authorities. We highlight that clinical findings in the genital or extragenital areas were found in just 101 (51%) victims at admission. Victims aged under 14 of both sexes more often reported having been assaulted by a known aggressor (females, p < 0.001; males, p=0.001) and that the aggression occurred at or near home (females, p < 0.001; males, p=0.002). Male victims aged 14 or over more often reported having had more than one aggressor (p < 0.001) and presented more severe physical trauma at admission, assessed by the NISS (p=0.0084) and ISS (p=0.0172) scores, as compared to female victims of the same age category. Moreover, victims aged less than 14 were less likely to be prescribed nPEP (females p < 0.001; males p=0.001). Prophylaxis for HIV infection and other STI were shown effective for SVV who completed 180-day follow-up. Overall 104/160 (65%, 95CI% 57-72%) SVV were fully adherent to nPEP up to 28 days, whereas 89/199 (45%, 95%CI 38-52%) were retained in care for 180 days following admission. In multivariate analysis, patients undergoing at least one psychological consultation (n=126) were more likely to adhere to nPEP (adjusted OR=8.32; 95%CI: 3.0-23.3) and to be retained in care for 6 months (adjusted OR=44.76; 95%CI: 9.09-220.37), as compared to patients not having received psychological support. Conclusions: This study highlights significantly different features of SV depending on victims\' gender and age category (under 14 vs 14 or over). In addition, provision of psychological consultation was shown an essential element in the management of SV, being associated with enhanced adherence to nPEP and to retention in care

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-09-04T15:18:51Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-09-04T15:53:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T15:53:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-07-31 / A colite ulcerativa (CU) é uma doença inflamatória crônica cujas manifestações podem afetar drasticamente a qualidade de vida do indivíduo sendo por isso importante a adesão ao tratamento a fim de mantê-la em fase de remissão. Fatores individuais podem interferir na continuidade do tratamento do paciente em remissão. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de não adesão e a possível influência das características sóciodemográficas, clínicas e farmacoterapêuticas associadas com a não adesão ao tratamento da CU em remissão. Trata-se de estudo transversal com adultos portadores de CU em remissão acompanhados no Centro de Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, conduzido entre agosto de 2017 e janeiro de 2018. Os fatores associados à não adesão ao tratamento foram investigados por meio da aplicação de questionário padronizado contendo dados sociodemográficas, clínicos e farmacoterapêuticos dos pacientes, além da Escala de Adesão Terapêutica de Morisky (MMAS-8), Inventario de Depressão de Beck (IDB) e Subescala de Ansiedade de sete itens da Escala Hopitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão. O total de 90 pacientes foi incluído neste estudo com média de idade de 50,4±12,9. A prevalência de não adesão foi de 77,8% e não foram encontradas dentre as 21 variáveis analisadas, nenhuma relacionada com o comportamento de não adesão. A prevalência de não adesão em pacientes com CU em remissão foi elevada. Nenhuma das características sociodemográficos, clínicas e farmacoterapêuticas analisadas foram associadas com este comportamento, alertando para a necessidade de maior atenção dos profissionais de saúde a esse importante aspecto do tratamento. / Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease whose manifestations can drastically affect the quality of life of patients. Therefore, treatment adherence is important in order to keep it in remission. Individual factors may interfere with the continuity of the patient's treatment in remission. To verify the prevalence of non-adherence and the influence of the sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacotherapeutic characteristics associated with non-adherence to the treatment of UC in remission. A cross-sectional study was conducted with adults presenting UC in remission followed at the Clinical Gastroenterology outpatient clinic of the Clinical Gastroenterology Ambulatory of Universitary Hospital, in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, between August 2017 and January 2018. Factors of risk for non-adherence to treatment were investigated by applying a questionnaire on sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacotherapeutic characteristics of the patient. The Morisky Therapeutic Adhesion Scale (MMAS-8), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Subscale of Anxiety of seven items of the Hopitalar Anxiety and Depression Scale were also applied. A total of 90 patients were included, with a mean age of 50.41±12.94 years. The prevalence of non-adherence to therapy was 77.8% and we did not identified among 21 variables analyzed anyone associated with non-adherence prevalence. High proportions of patients with UC in remission presented non-adherents to therapy; however, we did not found characteristics among sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacotherapeutic data that would be able to explain this behavior, alerting the need for greater attention of health professionals to this important aspect of treatment.