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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
181

Posouzení biologické čistitelnosti odpadních vod z výroby DPG (diphenylguanidinu). / Biological treatment expertise of sewage water rising from production od DPG (diphenylguanidine).

VEPŘEKOVÁ, Tereza January 2010 (has links)
The main goal of this thesis is to expertise biological treatment of sewage water rising from production of DPG (diphenylguanidine). The theoretical part is focused on the water and means of sewage disposal. There is shortly described mechanism of physical, chemical, biological and combinated methods of sewage disposal. In practical part of this thesis, focused on expertising degradation of DPG and aniline was chosen high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique, which made it possible to determined their biodegradation abilities. The next component of this thesis are sideline products determination, phenylurea especially. This thesis is focused on monitoring of biofilm´s character and the activity of Rhodococcus erythropolis bacterial culture, used in biodegradation of DPG in chemical-biological wastewater treatment plant, LZD a.s.
182

Využití tlakovzdušné flotace pro terciární stupeň čištění odpadních vod / The use of a dissolved air flotation for tertiary stage of wastewater treatment

Čmaradová, Miroslava January 2013 (has links)
The thesis is focused on the area of wastewater treatment. There is a solution possibility of using flotation for the removal of phosphorus precipitates formed during the tertiary treatment of wastewater. The first part is devoted to a general description of wastewater treatment, there is also described as a flotation separation technology and precipitation of phosphorus. The second part is practically oriented. It describes the experimental equipment used for the precipitation of phosphorus and subsequent removal of the precipitate flotation, during the experiment and the results obtained.
183

Účinnost technologie ČOV České Budějovice pro eliminaci farmak / Efficiency of the technology of WWTP České Budějovice for the elimination of pharmaceuticals

BARTOŇ, Jiří January 2013 (has links)
The main aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in České Budějovice for the elimination of selected pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, atenolol, metoprolol, sotalol, bisoprolol, valsartan, verapamil and tramadol) over a long time period (March 2011 - February 2012). Time-proportional 24 hours pooled samples of wastewater from influent and effluent of the WWTP were used to assess the efficiency of WWTP. The concentrations of target compounds were determined by using in line SPE/LC-MS/MS analysis. The average annual concentrations in the effluent of WTP were in the range of 0,019 microgram/l (verapamil) to 1,00 microgram/l (atenolol). Average annual efficiencies of pharmaceutical elimination in WWTP based on pooled samples were found in the case of carbamazepine (-22 %), tramadol (-15 %), sotalol (-1 %), diclofenac (15 %), metoprolol (16 %), verapamil (43 %), bisoprolol (48 %) and valsartan (85 %). The statistical analysis of daily results in the winter and in the summer period showed significantly higher efficiency of the WWTP in the summer for 5 target compounds (diclofenac, atenolol, valsartan, sotalol and bisoprolol). Removal efficiency for the rest of pharmaceuticals did not show significant differences. Elevated temperature and longer irradiation period in summer can positively affect biodegradation or increased photolysis respectively.
184

Sezónní vývoj koncentrací antibiotik v odpadní vodě ČOV České Budějovice / Seasonal evolution of antibiotic concentrations in the wastewater of STP České Budějovice

JANOŠÍK, David January 2014 (has links)
The aim of the diploma thesis was to monitor seasonal concentration changes of 7 antibiotics norfloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, erythromycin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in wastewater influent and (cleaned) water effluent in the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) České Budějovice. Time-proportional 24 hours pooled samples of wastewater were collected every month from March 2011 to February 2012 in the influent and effluent pof the STP. The concentrations of target compounds were determined by using in line SPE/LC-MS/MS analysis. The highest average concentration in the influent was detected in case of norfloxacin (0.563 microgram/l) and ciprofloxacin (0.406 microgram/l). The highest average concentration in the effluent was detected in the case of trimethoprim (0.255 microgram/l) and erythromycin (0.117 microgram/l). Higher concentration of antibiotics was measured in the colder periods of the year. It was connected with increased use of antibiotics and with less cleaning efficiency of the STP in this season. The highest removal efficiency was determined for norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, the lowest for erythromycin. The influence of the season on the removal efficiency of antibiotics was found esp. for azithromycin,trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.
185

ADENSAMENTO DE LODO DE ESTAÇÃO DE TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA: COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE SEDIMENTAÇÃO E FLOTAÇÃO / SLUDGE THICKENING IN WATER TREATMENT PLANT: COMPARISON BETWEEN SEDIMENTATION AND FLOTATION

Hedlund, Keila Fernanda Soares 04 March 2016 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In water treatment plants (WTP) the solid waste generation is considered very high. The sludge from WTP have their own characteristics, which depend mainly on the captured water quality, the chemicals used in the treatment and cleaning method of the settling basins. The sludge characterization is carried out in laboratory tests before using any type of product or method of treatment. The thickening is one of the most important stages of sludge treatment and it aims to decrease the volume and increase the solids concentration. In this work it was evaluated the performance of the sludge thickening of the WTP São Gabriel RS (Brazil) by sedimentation and flotation with dissolved air (DAF). Sludge samples were collected in two sampling campaigns, which it was characterized and used in the thickening studies. Five different types of polymers (among cationic, anionic and nonionic) were employed, and those which resulted in lower residual turbidity of the clarified water after flocculation, were used in thickening studies. The parameters evaluated after thickening were: remaining turbidity of the clarified water; solids concentration; settling rate (velocity); and resistance to filtration. In the quantitative characterization sludge it was evident in the sludge mass production by means of an empirical equation of 11.8 tons / month and 11.1 tons / month by in loco measurement. Qualitatively the sludge had low biodegradability, and it was classified as waste Class II A - Not Inert , according to the Brazilian Regulation NBR 10.004 (2004). In the thickening studies with different dosages of cationic and anionic polymers (very low density charge - MB) for the settling tests, and only the cationic polymer-MB showed good results for the DAF. In order to compare settling and flotation thickening processes it was found that the remaining turbidity of the clarified water had lower values by treating by DAF. The higher solids concentrations were found in the sludge thickened by sedimentation, to the dosages of 1.0 and 1.5 mg cationic pol. - MB/g SST (7.05 and 7.10%) and 0.25 mg anion pol./g SST (7.04%). Settling rates of the thickened sludge by DAF 50% was higher than the other treatments, but showed no statistic difference to the different polymer dosages. In particular sludge strength tests gave the lowest value for the treatment by sedimentation for dosage of 4.5 mg pol. cationic - MB / g SST (9.0 x 1012 m.kg-1). In conclusion, the use of polymers aided the sludge thickening both in sedimentation as in the DAF thickening processes. However it is necessary prior to the decision making in choosing the kind of the thickening process, to evaluate the polymer type and dosage, determine what will be the subsequent processes of sludge treatment, and which parameters are most relevant according to the WTP. Yet it must be considered the cost and available staff before opting for the use of sludge thickening by sedimentation or DAF. / Em estações de tratamento de água (ETAs) ocorre uma geração elevada de resíduos sólidos. Os lodos de ETAs apresentam características próprias, que dependem principalmente da qualidade da água captada, dos produtos químicos utilizados no tratamento e método de limpeza dos decantadores. A caracterização do lodo é feita com ensaios em laboratório antes de empregar qualquer tipo de produto ou método de tratamento nos resíduos. O adensamento constitui umas das fases mais importantes do tratamento do lodo, pois visa a diminuição do volume e máxima concentração de sólidos. Neste trabalho foi avaliado o desempenho do adensamento do lodo de decantadores da ETA de São Gabriel RS (Brasil), por meio de sedimentação e flotação a ar dissolvido (FAD). Amostras de lodo foram coletadas em duas campanhas de amostragem, sendo este, após caracterizado, utilizado nos ensaios de adensamento. Avaliou-se a utilização de cinco tipos de polímeros (catiônico, aniônico e não-iônico), e aqueles que resultaram em menor turbidez remanescente da água clarificada, após a floculação, foram utilizados nos ensaios de adensamento. Os parâmetros avaliados após o adensamento foram: turbidez remanescente da água clarificada; concentração de sólidos; velocidade de clarificação; e resistência a filtração. Na caracterização quantitativa do lodo foi evidenciada a produção de massa de lodo, por meio de equação empírica, de 11,8 toneladas/mês e de 11,1 toneladas/mês por meio de medição in loco. Qualitativamente o lodo apresentou baixa biodegradabilidade, e quanto à classificação segundo a NBR 10.004 de 2004, o lodo foi classificado como resíduo Classe II A Não Inerte. Nos ensaios de adensamento com diferentes dosagens dos polímeros aniônico e catiônico (muito baixa densidade da carga MB) nos ensaios de sedimentação, e para a FAD apenas o polímero catiônico MB. Na comparação dos tratamentos verificou-se que a turbidez remanescente da água clarificada obteve menores valores por meio do tratamento por FAD. As maiores concentrações de sólidos foram encontradas no lodo adensado por sedimentação, para as dosagens de 1,0 e 1,5 mg pol. catiônico - MB/g SST (7,05 e 7,10%) e 0,25 mg pol. aniônico/g SST (7,04%). A velocidade de clarificação do lodo adensado por FAD 50% foi superior aos demais tratamentos, mas não apresentou diferença estática para as distintas dosagens. Nos ensaios de resistência específica do lodo obteve-se menor valor para o tratamento por sedimentação para a dosagem de 4,5 mg pol. catiônico - MB/g SST(9,0E+12 m.kg-1). Conclui-se que a utilização dos polímeros auxiliou no adensamento do lodo, tanto na sedimentação quanto na FAD. Contudo faz-se necessário antes da tomada de decisão na escolha do processo de adensamento, do tipo de polímero e dosagem utilizada, determinar quais serão os processos subsequentes de tratamento do lodo, e quais os parâmetros são mais relevantes dentro da realidade da ETA. Ainda deve-se considerar os custos e a disponibilidade de pessoal qualificado antes de optar pelo emprego do adensamento do lodo por sedimentação ou por FAD.
186

Avaliação crítica de um sistema de reúso de águas cinzas

Baicere, Gonçalo Santana 29 August 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Simone Souza (simonecgsouza@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-13T13:40:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Gonçalo Santana Baicere.pdf: 2164770 bytes, checksum: 9a81e1203a8cdf334dbdf933b718d003 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-11-06T14:05:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Gonçalo Santana Baicere.pdf: 2164770 bytes, checksum: 9a81e1203a8cdf334dbdf933b718d003 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-06T14:05:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Gonçalo Santana Baicere.pdf: 2164770 bytes, checksum: 9a81e1203a8cdf334dbdf933b718d003 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / O aumento do consumo de água potável tem refletido de forma direta no crescimento da poluição e degradação quantitativa e qualitativa dos corpos d’água, receptores que são de lançamentos de águas residuárias sem tratamento. Dessa forma, o desenvolvimento de medidas e ações que possibilitem a conservação e a redução do consumo de água potável, vem se tornando prioridades para algumas instituições. Este estudo visa o desenvolvimento e avaliação de uma tecnologia simplificada de tratamento e operação, para o aproveitamento da água de lavagem de roupa como fonte alternativa de abastecimento, para as descargas de vasos sanitários nas residências. Assim foi necessário caracterizar as águas cinzas provenientes da máquina de lavar roupas, nos seus aspectos físicos, químicos e microbiológicos. O sistema de tratamento experimental foi operado e monitorado pelo período de 12 meses, em uma residência com cinco moradores. O sistema de tratamento da Estação Experimental era composto por um decantador, seguido de um filtro de areia aeróbio de fluxo descendente e desinfecção com hipoclorito de sódio a 2% (água sanitária). Além de avaliar a eficiência da estação experimental de acordo com os parâmetros físicos, químicos e microbiológicos das normas e recomendações vigentes, foram monitorados os consumos de água potável das residências, com objetivo de verificar se havia redução no consumo aferido pela concessionária de saneamento, após a implantação do sistema de tratamento. O sistema de tratamento adotado apresentou uma elevada eficiência na remoção média de turbidez, cor, nitrato, coliformes totais, Escherichia coli, na ordem de 93,52, 94,18, 86,27, 100 e 100%, respectivamente. Em relação a DBO5, DQO e SST, o sistema apresentou uma eficiência média na ordem de 58,04, 55,72 e 60,29% de remoção. O efluente do sistema de tratamento possui características compatíveis com diversos parâmetros estabelecidos para o reúso não potável. / The growth in the consumption of potable water has reflected directly in the increase of pollution and quantitative and qualitative degradation of the water bodies, receptors of releases of untreated wastewater. Thus, the development of measures and programs that will enable conservation and reduction of potable water consumption is becoming a priority for some institutions. This study aims to develop and evaluate a simplified treatment and operation technology to take advantage of laundry water as an alternative source of supply for toilet flushing in homes. Thus it was necessary to characterize the physical, chemical and microbiological aspects of the gray water coming from the washing machines. The experimental treatment system was operated and monitored for a period of 12 months, in a house with five people. The Experimental Station was composed of a decanter, followed by an aerobic sand filter and disinfection with a filter with sodium hypochlorite at 2% (bleach). Besides evaluating the efficiency of the experimental station in accordance with the physical, chemical and microbiological standards of the existing guidelines and recommendations, the consumption of potable water of the households were monitored, in order to verify if there was a reduction in the consumption measured by the sanitation utilities, after the implementation of the treatment system. The treatment system adopted showed a high efficiency in the average removal of turbidity, color, nitrate, total coliforms and Escherichia coli, of 93.52, 94.18, 86.27, 100 and 100%, respectively. In relation to BOD5, (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and TSS (Total Suspended Solids), the system presented an average removal efficiency of 58.04, 55.72 and 60.29%. The effluent of the treatment system has characteristics which are compatible with several parameters established for the non potable reuse.
187

Pesquisa de vírus entéricos humanos em lodos de esgoto originários de duas ETEs do Estado de São Paulo: estabelecimento e avaliação de metodologia para recuperação e detecção viral. / Detection of human enteric viruses in sewage sludge from two sewage treatment plants in São Paulo state: establishment and evaluation of a method for viral recovery and detection.

Karina Medici Barrella 10 June 2008 (has links)
O objetivo foi desenvolver e avaliar uma metodologia simplificada para detecção de vírus entéricos humanos em lodo de esgoto. O método foi baseado em eluição viral com solução protéica, seguida de ultracentrifugação. Alguns parâmetros foram avaliados (tempo e pH de eluição, condições de clarificação e purificação). A seguir, foi aplicado à pesquisa de adenovírus, vírus da hepatite A e norovírus em amostras colhidas ao longo de 12 meses em duas ETEs do estado de São Paulo. Amostras pareadas de esgoto foram também examinadas como referência da presença viral. A detecção viral por PCR, RT-PCR e PCR em tempo real, revelou a presença de adenovírus, incluindo os entéricos (espécie F) e vírus da hepatite A tanto nas esgoto como no lodo de ambas as ETEs. Norovírus não foram detectados. Vírus infecciosos não foram detectados no lodo submetido ao tratamento químico (ETE A). Parte dos vírus presentes na água de esgoto ficaram retidos no lodo e análises estatísticas revelaram que o tratamento químico adotado na ETE A é eficiente para a inativação viral. / The aim was to develop and evaluate a simplified methodology for detection of human enteric viruses in sewage sludge. The method was based on viral elution with protein solution, followed by ultracentrifugation. Several parameters were evaluated, including time and elution pH, clarifying and purifying conditions. The method was applied to the detection of adenoviruses, hepatitis A virus and noroviruses in sewage sludge samples collected for twelve months at two sewage treatment plants in Sao Paulo state. Raw sewage samples were also collected as a reference for viral presence. PCR, RT-PCR and Real-Time PCR revealed the presence of adenoviruses, including the enteric ones (species F) and hepatitis A virus found both in sewage and sludge. Noroviruses were not detected in any samples. Cell culture infectious viruses were not detected in the sludge subjected to chemical treatment (STP A), and statistical analyses revealed the efficiency of this treatment for virus inactivation.
188

Contaminantes emergentes em estações de tratamento de esgoto aeróbia e anaeróbia

Grosseli, Guilherme Martins 21 November 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-05T11:02:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGMG.pdf: 4914831 bytes, checksum: 1d048739debba70d1c2f92d0a969f785 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2017-01-16T13:42:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGMG.pdf: 4914831 bytes, checksum: 1d048739debba70d1c2f92d0a969f785 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2017-01-16T13:43:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGMG.pdf: 4914831 bytes, checksum: 1d048739debba70d1c2f92d0a969f785 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-16T13:43:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGMG.pdf: 4914831 bytes, checksum: 1d048739debba70d1c2f92d0a969f785 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-21 / Outra / The wastewater treatment plant (WWTPs) play an important role to ensuring the health and preservation of aquatic ecosystems through biological removal (mainly) of pollutants and microorganisms in the sanitary and industrial sewage, avoiding the disposal "in natura" of sewage on water and soil. Among these organic contaminants stand out Emerging Contaminants (EC), like pharmaceuticals, personal care products and endocrine disruptors, drug abuse, etc.In this study, it was investigated the occurrence and evaluated the removal of 12 EC: naproxen (NPX), diclofenac (DCF), ibuprofen (IBU), caffeine (CAF), carbamazepine (CBZ), propranolol (PRP), atenolol (ATL ), 1-hydroxyibuprofen (IBU-1OH), 2-hydroxy-ibuprofen (IBU-2OH), 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy-carbamazepine (CBZ-DIOH), 2-hydroxy-carbamazepine (CBZ-2OH) at two wastewater treatment plants operating with biologic system, one aerobic and another one anaerobic. The first one is located in Jundiaí / SP city and the second one in São Carlos / SP. The target compounds were extracted from the aqueous phase by solid phase extraction (SPE). The analytical determinations were done through liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with triple quadrupole analyzer (UPLC-MS / MS).Pharmaceuticals, metabolites and personal care product triclosan were detected in all samples. The WWTP CSJJundiaí, which operates in aerobic system showed high removal values (R>70%), in all samples, for the CAF, NPX, ATL, IBU-1OH and TCS, moderate removal (70%>R> 20%) for the IBU and IBU-2 OH, low removal (R <20%) and production (R <0%) for CBZ and PRP.On the other hand ETE-Monjolinho, which operates in an anaerobic system presented a less removal of contaminants, where only caffeine had R> 70%.Thecompounds TCS IBU-2OH, IBU-1OH and ATL was moderate removal, CBZ-DIOH, CBZ and IBU was poorly removal, while it was observed production of DCF, PRP and CBZ-2OH (R < 0%). The metabolite CBZ-DIOH was recalcitrant to degradation in both WWTP. Moreover, it was noticed that WWTP can not only promote the degradation of some contaminants but also the production of the same, as is the case of DCF, CBZ, CBZ-2OH, CBZ-DIOH and PRP in both WWTP, and Moreover, it is possible to observe that STPs can promote not only the degradation of some contaminants but also the production of the same, as is the case of DCF, CBZ, CBZ-2 OH, CBZ-DIOH and PRP in both STPs, and ATL, IBU, and IBU-1OH only in ETE-Monjolinho. Despite both WWTP not completely remove the organic contaminants, it was found that WWTP with aerobic biodegradation has proved more effective in removing the EC than anaerobic biodegradation.The currently WWTP technologies are not able to eliminated most of EC, providing this contaminants into water bodies. This work aim to contributes to the understanding the EC in WWTP, in order to support better operating parameters of WWTP or the requirement of new technologies which allowed the removal of these contaminants providing treated wastewater that could helping for the global water scarcity problem. / As Estações de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETEs) desempenham papel importante na garantia da saúde pública e preservação dos ecossistemas aquáticos por meio da remoção biológica (majoritariamente) de poluentes e microorganismos presentes no esgoto sanitário e industrial, evitando o aporte“in natura”do esgoto nos corpos hídricos e solos. Dentre estes contaminantes orgânicos destacam-se os Contaminantes Emergentes (CE), uma categoria composta por fármacos, produtos de higiene pessoal e desreguladores endócrinos, drogas de abuso, entre outros. Neste trabalho foi investigada a ocorrência e avaliada a remoção de 12 CE, sendo eles: naproxeno (NPX), diclofenaco (DCF), ibuprofeno (IBU), cafeína (CAF), carbamazepina (CBZ), propranolol (PRP), atenolol (ATL), 1- hidroxi-ibuprofeno (IBU-1OH), 2-hidroxi-ibuprofeno (IBU-2OH), 10,11-dihidro-10,11-dihidroxi-carbamazepina (CBZ-DIOH), 2-hidroxi-carbamazepina (CBZ-2OH) em duas estações de tratamento de esgoto que operam sistemas biológicos, sendo uma aeróbia e outra anaeróbia. A primeira fica na cidade de Jundiaí/SP e a segunda opera na cidade de São Carlos/SP. Os compostos alvos foram extraídos da fase aquosa por extração em fase sólida (SPE). As determinações analíticas foram feitas por cromatografia líquida de ultra eficiência acoplada àespectrometria de massas com analisador triplo quadrupolo (UPLC-MS/MS). Os fármacos, metabólitos e o produto de higiene pessoal triclosan foram detectados em todas as amostras analisadas. A CSJ-Jundiaí, que opera em regime aeróbio, apresentou ao longo das campanhas amostrais, altos valores de remoção (R>70%) para a CAF, NPX, ATL, IBU-1OH e TCS, remoção moderada (70%> R > 20%) para o IBU e IBU-2OH, baixa remoção (R<20%) e formação/produção (R<0%) para a CBZ e PRP. Já a ETEMonjolinho, que opera em regime anaeróbio, apresentou um panorama menos favorável na remoção dos contaminantes alvos obtendo R>70% apenas para a cafeína. Os compostos TCS, IBU-2OH, IBU-1OH e ATL tiveram remoção moderada, ao passo que CBZ-DiOH, CBZ e IBU apresentaram baixa remoção e formação/produção do DCF, PRP e CBZ-2OH. O metabólito CBZ-DiOH mostrou-se recalcitrante a degradação em ambas ETEs. Além do mais, é possível observar que as ETE podem promover não somente a degradação de alguns contaminantes mas também a formação/produção dos mesmos, como é o caso do DCF, CBZ, CBZ-2OH, CBZ-DiOH e PRP em ambas ETEs, havendo ainda na ETE-Monjolinho a formação de ATL, IBU, e IBU-1OH. Apesar de ambas ETEs não removerem completamente os compostos avaliados, observouse que o tratamento de esgoto empregando a biodegradação aeróbia tem se mostrado mais eficaz na remoção dos CEs frente à biodegradação anaeróbia. Os sistemas atualmente empregados na maioria das ETEs, não livram os corpos aquáticos da presença de CE. Este trabalho contribui para o conhecimento do comportamento de alguns CE em modelos de ETE comumente empregadose pode amparar estratégias de ajustes de condições operacionais ou o uso de tecnologias que possibilitem a remoção destes contaminantes, contribuindo para que os efluentes das ETEspossam ser transformados em água de reuso de boa qualidade, atualmente uma das alternativas para o gerenciamento do problema global da escassez hídrica.
189

Avalia??o ecotoxicol?gica de efluentes industriais utilizando Danio rerio Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822 (TELEOSTEI, CYPRINIDAE)

Castro, Ana Anita Alexsandra Seixas de 18 August 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:01:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaAASC.pdf: 1030405 bytes, checksum: bb02e90c043d50fd25eef69f599305a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The industrial effluents are one of the main sources of water pollution. For an appropriate characterization and control of their discharges, the most efficient strategy is the integrated use of chemical, physical and ecotoxicological analyses. The aims of this study were to asses the efficiency of the treatment plant of a textile industry performing acute toxicity tests and physical-chemical analyses of the effluents before and after the treatment, besides evaluate the toxicity of the effluents of the Treatment System of Liquids Effluents (Sistema de Tratamento de Efluentes L?quidos - SITEL) of Distrito Industrial de Natal (DIN) and some of their physical-chemical variables. The species used in the ecotoxicological tests was the fish Danio rerio. The results showed that the treatment plant reduced significantly (around 50%) the toxicity of the raw textile effluent in only three of the seven tests but, in general, it promoted the reduction of the physical-chemical parameters analyzed. The toxicity and the physical-chemical factors of the effluents of SITEL of DIN varied among the tests and show the importance of monitoring their discharges in the Potengi river, one of the most important rivers of the Rio Grande do Norte state / Os efluentes industriais s?o uma das principais fontes de polui??o das ?guas. Para uma caracteriza??o adequada e controle de seus despejos, a estrat?gia mais eficiente ? o uso integrado de an?lises qu?micas, f?sicas e ecotoxicol?gicas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a efici?ncia da esta??o de tratamento de uma ind?stria t?xtil, atrav?s de testes de toxicidade aguda e de an?lises f?sico-qu?micas dos efluentes antes e ap?s o tratamento, al?m de avaliar a toxicidade dos efluentes do Sistema de Tratamento de Efluentes L?quidos (SITEL) do Distrito Industrial de Natal (DIN) e algumas de suas vari?veis f?sico-qu?micas. A esp?cie utilizada nos testes ecotoxicol?gicos foi o peixe Danio rerio. Os resultados mostraram que a esta??o de tratamento reduziu significativamente (cerca de 50%) a toxicidade do efluente t?xtil bruto em apenas tr?s dos sete ensaios realizados, mas de um modo geral, promoveu a redu??o dos valores dos par?metros f?sico-qu?micos analisados. A toxicidade e os fatores f?sico-qu?micos dos efluentes do SITEL do DIN variaram entre os testes e mostram a import?ncia de se monitorar suas descargas no rio Potengi, um dos rios mais importantes do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte
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Osmose inversa aplicada no reúso da água do rio Sarapuí em processos industriais / Reverse osmosis applied in Sarapuí river water reuse in industrial processes

Raphael da Rocha Sixel 14 December 2009 (has links)
O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o desempenho de um sistema de captação e tratamento de água do rio Sarapuí, por meio de uma estação de tratamento composta por um sistema de pré-tratamento convencional, ligado a um sistema de separação por membranas de osmose inversa, no Município de Belford Roxo RJ, instalado para fornecer água de processo a instalações industriais. Foi verificado que a água captada encontra-se em condição bastante degradada e que a unidade de tratamento removeu, em média, 97% do teor dos poluentes presentes na água, enquadrando-a nos parâmetros requeridos pelo processo industrial. Foi possível comprovar que o processo de separação por osmose inversa pode ser utilizado em escala industrial, proporcionando ganhos econômicos consideráveis, além de evitar o consumo de água potável para fins de processos industriais e, ainda, contribuir para a retirada de carga orgânica de uma fonte degradada / The objective of this study was to analyze the performance of a system to capture and treat water from Sarapuí river through a treatment system consisting of a conventional pré-treatment stage, linked to a reverse osmosis separation system membranes, in the city of Belford Roxo - RJ, installed to provide process water for industrial plants. It was found that the water is captured in highly degraded condition and the treatment plant removed an average of 97% of the pollutants in the water, fitting the parameters required by the industrial process. It could be demonstrated that the separation process by reverse osmosis can be used on an industrial scale, providing significant economic gains, and avoid the consumption of potable water for industrial processes and also contribute to the removal of organic pollutants from a degraded source

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